Pendudukan Jepun di Borneo British
Sebelum berlakunya Perang Dunia II di Pasifik, pulau Borneo dibahagikan kepada lima wilayah. Empat wilayah di utara dan di bawah kawalan British - Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan (pulau), dan British Borneo Utara; manakala sisanya dan sebahagian besar pulau di selatan di bawah bidang kuasa Hindia Timur Belanda.
Pendudukan Jepun di British Borneo (British Borneo Utara, Brunei, Labuan dan Sarawak) Borneo Utara (北ボルネオ, Kita Boruneo) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1941–1945 | |||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
 Harta benda Jepun di British Borneo, termasuk Borneo Belanda pada tahun 1943 | |||||||||||||||
| Status | Pendudukan ketenteraan oleh Empayar Jepun | ||||||||||||||
| Ibu negara | Kuching[1][2] | ||||||||||||||
| Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Jepun (official) Melayu Cina Bahasa Borneo | ||||||||||||||
| Kerajaan | Pendudukan ketenteraan | ||||||||||||||
| Empayar | |||||||||||||||
• 1941–1945 | Shōwa (Hirohito) | ||||||||||||||
| Gabenor-Jeneral | |||||||||||||||
• 1941–1942 | Kiyotake Kawaguchi | ||||||||||||||
• 1942 | Toshinari Maeda | ||||||||||||||
• 1942–1944 | Masataka Yamawaki | ||||||||||||||
• 1944–1945 | Masao Baba | ||||||||||||||
| Perdana Menteri | |||||||||||||||
• 1941–1944 | Hideki Tōjō | ||||||||||||||
• 1944–1945 | Kuniaki Koiso | ||||||||||||||
• 1945 | Kantarō Suzuki | ||||||||||||||
| Era Sejarah | Perang Dunia II | ||||||||||||||
• Perang Pasifik bermula | 8 Disember 1941 | ||||||||||||||
| 16 Disember 1941 | |||||||||||||||
• Tentera British menyerah | 1 April 1942 | ||||||||||||||
• Pembebasan bersekutu Borneo utara | 10 Jun 1945 | ||||||||||||||
| 15 Ogos 1945 | |||||||||||||||
• Pentadbiran Tentera British ditubuhkan | 12 September 1945 | ||||||||||||||
• Kembali ke kedudukan pentadbiran pra-perang | 1 April 1946 | ||||||||||||||
| Populasi | |||||||||||||||
• 1945 | 950000[note 1][3] | ||||||||||||||
| Mata wang | Dolar keluaran Jepun ("Wang pisang") | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
| Sekarang sebahagian dari |  Brunei Malaysia | ||||||||||||||
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Pada 16 Disember 1941, pasukan Jepun mendarat di Miri, sebahagian wilayah utara British, dari Teluk Cam Ranh di Indochina Perancis. Selepas pendaratan, angkatan tentera Jepun mengambil masa kurang daripada sebulan untuk mengatasi wilayah-wilayah dan kemudian menamakan semula bahagian utara sebagai Borneo Utara (北 ボ ル ネ オ Kita Boruneo), Labuan sebagai Maida Island (前 田島 Maeda-shima) dan wilayah Belanda yang berdekatan sebagai Borneo Selatan (南 ボ ル ネ オ Minami Boruneo) dengan nama-nama Jepun.[4][5][6] Buat pertama kali dalam sejarah moden, kedua-dua wilayah, yang telah lama dipisahkan di bawah peraturan penjajah Barat, telah bersatu di bawah pemerintahan penjajah Jepun dengan seluruh penduduknya menjadi mata pelajaran maharaja Jepun.[7]
Wilayah-wilayah diperintah selama tiga tahun, di mana pihak berkuasa Jepun secara aktif menggalakkan pembiasaan budaya Jepun (penjepunan) dalam kalangan penduduk tempatan pulau itu dengan menghendaki mereka memasuki kelas bahasa Jepun. Jepun membahagi wilayah utara ke lima wilayah pemerintahan (洲 shu) dan membina lapangan terbang. Beberapa kem perang dikendalikan di seluruh pulau di mana kebanyakan pegawai penjajah Barat ditahan bersama dengan anggota gerakan bawah tanah yang menentang pemerintahan yang keras semasa pendudukan Jepun. Sementara itu, kedudukan pemimpin Melayu tempatan dikekalkan dengan pengawasan Jepun dan kebanyakan bidang tenaga kerja dipenuhi oleh orang-orang latar belakang Asia yang berbeza.
Menjelang akhir tahun 1945, komando Australia mula dikerahkan ke pulau itu oleh kapal selam AS di mana Unit Khas Bersekutu Z menjalankan operasi perisikan dan melatih seribu orang orang asli untuk melawan Jepun dalam peperangan gerila di bawah Kempen Borneo sambil bersiap sedia untuk bersekutu utama misi kemerdekaan. Berikutan pertempuran Borneo Utara dan Labuan dari 10 Jun 1945 dengan gabungan pasukan Australia dan Amerika, pulau Borneo dibebaskan dengan Pentadbiran Tentera Jepun digantikan dengan Pentadbiran Tentera British pada 12 September 1945.
Lihat juga
suntingCatatan
sunting- ^ Penduduk adalah seperti berikut:
Sarawak: 580,000;
Brunei: 39,000;
North Borneo: 331,000
Nota kaki
sunting- ^ 日本サラワク協会 1998.
- ^ Kratoska 2013, m/s. 111.
- ^ Vinogradov 1980, m/s. 73.
- ^ Ooi 2010, m/s. 133.
- ^ Braithwaite 2016, m/s. 253.
- ^ Jude 2016.
- ^ Baldacchino 2013, m/s. 74.
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Pautan luar
sunting- Kategori berkenaan Pendudukan Jepun di Borneo British di Wikimedia Commons