Avicena

Avicena

Avicena
Gimė	980 m. netoli Bucharos
Mirė	1037 m. (~57 metai) Persijos Hamadane

Veikla	gydytojas ir filosofas

Vikiteka	Avicena

Avicena (Abu ali al Husain ibn Abdalllah ibn Sina, sutrumpintai Ibn Sina^[1]; 980 m. netoli Bucharos – m. 1037 m. Persijos Hamadane) – persų kilmės,^[2] tačiau daugiausia arabiškai rašęs gydytojas ir filosofas. Taip pat rašė teisės, matematikos, astronomijos, muzikos klausimais. Persiškai kūrė poemas ir lyrinius eilėraščius, arabiškai – apysakas. Avicena laikomas Islamo aukso amžiaus vienu svarbiausiu gydytoju, astronomu, mąstytoju,^[3] ankstyvosios modernios medicinos tėvu.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Biografija

Avicena gimė Afšanos kaime prie Bucharos apie 980 m. Jo motina Sitāra buvo iš Bucharos.^[7] Nors Avicenos šeima buvo sunitai ^[8] jo tėvas Abdula atsivertė į Izmailizmą.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Užaugo Bucharoje, būdamas 10 metų mintinai mokėjo visą Koraną^[11] ir žymiausius arabų klasikus, per kelerius metus išėjo teisės mokslus, taip pat matematiką, astronomiją ir mediciną. Būdamas 16 metų pagarsėjo išgydęs Bucharos valdovą Mansurą II, kurio bibliotekoje jis baigė savo mokslinį pasirengimą. Sulaukęs 18 metų tapo kvalifikuotu gydytoju.^[11]

Avicenos veikalai, ypač medicinos srityje tapo viduramžių Europos universitetų vadovėliais. Jis arabų kalba (Europoje išversta ir išleista lotynų kalba) išleido medicinos kanoną, kurį sudarė 5 tomai: Pirmajame – medicinos teorija, anatomija, fiziologija, aprašomos ligų priežastys, simptomai, profilaktika, Antrajame – Paprasti vaistai, augalai, gyvūninės kilmės vaistai, Trečiajame – atskirų kūno dalių, sričių ligos ir jų diagnostika, Ketvirtajame – Chirurgija, Penktajame – aprašomi sudėtingi vaistai, nuodai ir priešnuodžiai.

Prieš mirtį jį apėmė atgaila. Jis išdalino turtus vargšams, išlaisvino vergus, iki mirties skaitė Koraną.^[12]

Išnašos

↑ Byrne, Joseph Patrick (2012), "Avicenna", Encyclopedia of the Black Death, Vol. I, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-59884-253-1 .
↑ Avicenna and the Visionary Recital (anglų). Princeton University Press. 2016-04-19. ISBN 9780691630540. Nuoroda tikrinta 2018-08-12. „In this work a distinguished scholar of Islamic religion examines the mysticism and psychological thought of the great eleventh-century Persian philosopher and physician Avicenna (Ibn Sina), author of over a hundred works on theology, logic, medicine, and mathematics.“
↑
* Bennison, Amira K. (2009). The great caliphs: the golden age of the 'Abbasid Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-300-15227-2. „Avicenna was a Persian whose father served the Samanids of Khurasan and Transoxania as the administrator of a rural district outside Bukhara.“
- Paul Strathern (2005). A brief history of medicine: from Hippocrates to gene therapy. Running Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7867-1525-1.^{[neveikianti nuoroda]}.
- Brian Duignan (2010). Medieval Philosophy. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-61530-244-4..
- Michael Kort (2004). Central Asian republics. Infobase Publishing. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-8160-5074-1.
- "He was born in 370/980 in Afshana, his mother's home, near Bukhara. His native language was Persian" (from "Ibn Sina ("Avicenna")", Encyclopedia of Islam, Brill, second edition (2009). Accessed via Brill Online at www.encislam.brill.nl).
- "Avicenna was the greatest of all Persian thinkers; as physician and metaphysician ..." (excerpt from A.J. Arberry, Avicenna on Theology, KAZI PUBN INC, 1995).
- "Whereas the name of Avicenna (Ibn Sina, died 1037) is generally listed as chronologically first among noteworthy Iranian philosophers, recent evidence has revealed previous existence of Ismaili philosophical systems with a structure no less complete than of Avicenna" (from p. 74 of Henry Corbin, The Voyage and the messenger: Iran and philosophy, North Atlantic Books, 1998.
↑ Saffari, Mohsen; Pakpour, Amir (2012-12-01). „Avicenna's Canon of Medicine: A Look at Health, Public Health, and Environmental Sanitation“. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 15 (12): 785–9. PMID 23199255. „Avicenna was a well-known Persian and a Muslim scientist who was considered to be the father of early modern medicine.“
↑ Colgan, Richard (2009-09-19). Advice to the Young Physician: On the Art of Medicine (anglų). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-4419-1034-9. „Avicenna is known as the father of early modern medicine.“
↑ Roudgari, Hassan (2018-12-28). „Ibn Sina or Abu Ali Sina (ابن سینا‎ c. 980 –1037) is often known by his Latin name of Avicenna (ævɪˈsɛnə/)“. Journal of Iranian Medical Council. 1 (2): 0. ISSN 2645-338X. „Avicenna was a Persian polymath and one of the most famous physicians from the Islamic Golden Age. He is known as the father of early modern medicine and his most famous work in Medicine called "The Book of Healing", which became a standard medical textbook at many European universities and remained in use up to the recent centuries.“
↑ "Avicenna"Encyclopædia Britannica, Concise Online Version, 2006 ([1]); D. Gutas, "Avicenna", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Version 2006, (LINK Archyvuota kopija 2009-04-20 iš Wayback Machine projekto.); Avicenna in (Encyclopedia of Islam: © 1999 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands)
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 Aisha Khan (2006). Avicenna (Ibn Sina): Muslim physician and philosopher of the eleventh century. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-4042-0509-3.
↑ Farhad Daftary (2017-08-07), Ismaili History and Intellectual Traditions, Routledge, p. 206, ISBN 9781351975032
↑ Corbin, Henry (1993) [First published French 1964)]. History of Islamic Philosophy, Translated by Liadain Sherrard, Philip Sherrard. London: Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies. pp. 167–175. ISBN 978-0-7103-0416-2. OCLC 22109949.
↑ ^11,0 ^11,1 „The Canon of Medicine (work by Avicenna)“. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Suarchyvuota iš originalo 28 May 2008. Nuoroda tikrinta 2008-06-11.
↑ Osler, William (2004). The Evolution Of Modern Medicine. Kessinger Publishing. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-4191-6153-7.

Vikicitatos

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Puslapis Vikicitatose –

Avicena

[1] Byrne, Joseph Patrick (2012), "Avicenna", Encyclopedia of the Black Death, Vol. I, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-59884-253-1 .

[2] Avicenna and the Visionary Recital (anglų). Princeton University Press. 2016-04-19. ISBN 9780691630540. Nuoroda tikrinta 2018-08-12. „In this work a distinguished scholar of Islamic religion examines the mysticism and psychological thought of the great eleventh-century Persian philosopher and physician Avicenna (Ibn Sina), author of over a hundred works on theology, logic, medicine, and mathematics.“

[3] * Bennison, Amira K. (2009). The great caliphs: the golden age of the 'Abbasid Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-300-15227-2. „Avicenna was a Persian whose father served the Samanids of Khurasan and Transoxania as the administrator of a rural district outside Bukhara.“
Paul Strathern (2005). A brief history of medicine: from Hippocrates to gene therapy. Running Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7867-1525-1.^{[neveikianti nuoroda]}.

Brian Duignan (2010). Medieval Philosophy. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-61530-244-4..

Michael Kort (2004). Central Asian republics. Infobase Publishing. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-8160-5074-1.

"He was born in 370/980 in Afshana, his mother's home, near Bukhara. His native language was Persian" (from "Ibn Sina ("Avicenna")", Encyclopedia of Islam, Brill, second edition (2009). Accessed via Brill Online at www.encislam.brill.nl).

"Avicenna was the greatest of all Persian thinkers; as physician and metaphysician ..." (excerpt from A.J. Arberry, Avicenna on Theology, KAZI PUBN INC, 1995).

"Whereas the name of Avicenna (Ibn Sina, died 1037) is generally listed as chronologically first among noteworthy Iranian philosophers, recent evidence has revealed previous existence of Ismaili philosophical systems with a structure no less complete than of Avicenna" (from p. 74 of Henry Corbin, The Voyage and the messenger: Iran and philosophy, North Atlantic Books, 1998.

[4] Paul Strathern (2005). A brief history of medicine: from Hippocrates to gene therapy. Running Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7867-1525-1.^{[neveikianti nuoroda]}.

[5] Brian Duignan (2010). Medieval Philosophy. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-61530-244-4..

[6] Michael Kort (2004). Central Asian republics. Infobase Publishing. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-8160-5074-1.

[7] "He was born in 370/980 in Afshana, his mother's home, near Bukhara. His native language was Persian" (from "Ibn Sina ("Avicenna")", Encyclopedia of Islam, Brill, second edition (2009). Accessed via Brill Online at www.encislam.brill.nl).

[8] "Avicenna was the greatest of all Persian thinkers; as physician and metaphysician ..." (excerpt from A.J. Arberry, Avicenna on Theology, KAZI PUBN INC, 1995).

[9] "Whereas the name of Avicenna (Ibn Sina, died 1037) is generally listed as chronologically first among noteworthy Iranian philosophers, recent evidence has revealed previous existence of Ismaili philosophical systems with a structure no less complete than of Avicenna" (from p. 74 of Henry Corbin, The Voyage and the messenger: Iran and philosophy, North Atlantic Books, 1998.

[4] Saffari, Mohsen; Pakpour, Amir (2012-12-01). „Avicenna's Canon of Medicine: A Look at Health, Public Health, and Environmental Sanitation“. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 15 (12): 785–9. PMID 23199255. „Avicenna was a well-known Persian and a Muslim scientist who was considered to be the father of early modern medicine.“

[5] Colgan, Richard (2009-09-19). Advice to the Young Physician: On the Art of Medicine (anglų). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-4419-1034-9. „Avicenna is known as the father of early modern medicine.“

[6] Roudgari, Hassan (2018-12-28). „Ibn Sina or Abu Ali Sina (ابن سینا‎ c. 980 –1037) is often known by his Latin name of Avicenna (ævɪˈsɛnə/)“. Journal of Iranian Medical Council. 1 (2): 0. ISSN 2645-338X. „Avicenna was a Persian polymath and one of the most famous physicians from the Islamic Golden Age. He is known as the father of early modern medicine and his most famous work in Medicine called "The Book of Healing", which became a standard medical textbook at many European universities and remained in use up to the recent centuries.“

[7] "Avicenna"Encyclopædia Britannica, Concise Online Version, 2006 ([1]); D. Gutas, "Avicenna", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Version 2006, (LINK Archyvuota kopija 2009-04-20 iš Wayback Machine projekto.); Avicenna in (Encyclopedia of Islam: © 1999 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands)

[Aisha_Khan-8] 8,0 ^8,1 Aisha Khan (2006). Avicenna (Ibn Sina): Muslim physician and philosopher of the eleventh century. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-4042-0509-3.

[9] Farhad Daftary (2017-08-07), Ismaili History and Intellectual Traditions, Routledge, p. 206, ISBN 9781351975032

[Corbin1993-10] Corbin, Henry (1993) [First published French 1964)]. History of Islamic Philosophy, Translated by Liadain Sherrard, Philip Sherrard. London: Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies. pp. 167–175. ISBN 978-0-7103-0416-2. OCLC 22109949.

[Britannica2008-11] 11,0 ^11,1 „The Canon of Medicine (work by Avicenna)“. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Suarchyvuota iš originalo 28 May 2008. Nuoroda tikrinta 2008-06-11.

[osler-12] Osler, William (2004). The Evolution Of Modern Medicine. Kessinger Publishing. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-4191-6153-7.

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