Regnum Iudae

Vide etiam paginam discretivam: Iudaea.

Regnum Iuda (Hebraice יְהוּדָה Iehūdāh) fuit regnum Israëliticum in montibus Iudaeae circa Hierosolyma situm. Fontes biblici tradunt id ex regno Israel olim a Davide rege conditum ortum esse, cum Salomone anno 926 a.C.n. mortuo regnum Israel unitum in duas partes divisum est. Anno 587 a.C.n., cum Nabuchodonosor II, rex Chaldaeorum, regnum occupavisset, finem cepit.

Historia

Narrationibus biblicis de regno Israelitico unito, quod Saul, Davide et Salomone regnantibus regiones Iudae et Samariae comprehenderet, diu fides tributa est. Annis 1980 autem quidam scientifici biblici minimalismum biblicum, qui dicitur, sequentes opinionem explicaverunt reperta archaeologica non satis esse ad exsistentiam regni Iudaici ante saeculum octavum exeuntem postulandam.^[1] Territorium Iudae saeculis decimo et nono a.C.n. vix inhabitatum et nihil nisi vicos plerumque immunitos fuisse. Tel Dan Stela autem anno 1993 reperta demonstrat regnum iam saeculo nono a.C.n. fuisse ambitu ac potentia incertis.^[2] Recentiores effossiones ad Khirbet Qeiyafa factae secundum effossatores confirmant etiam regnum bene informatum et urbibus repletum iam saeculo decimo a.C.n. fuisse.^[3]

Saeculo septimo a.C.n. Iosias rex, cum hinc regnum Iudae frequentia opibusque cresceret, illinc potentia Imperii Neoassyrii Aegyptii minueretur, regnum suum super tribus septentrionales propagavit, cultum secundum normas Libri Deuteronomii emendavit et deos regionales reppulit, ut solus deus JHVH coleretur.^[4] Eo tempore etiam narrationes et litterae, quibus religiones ac historiae Israeliticae traditae sunt, colligi coeptae sunt, etsi Thanach sive Vetus Testamentum, ut nunc adest, multo post confectum est.

Ut ad profundiora de Veteris Testamenti redactione tuearis, vide Opus Deuteronomicum.

Imperio Neoassyrio anno 605 a.C.n. exciso et Aegyptus et imperium Neobabylonicum Levantem regere cupiebant. Cum Iudaei ab Aegyptiis adiuti contra Babylonios rebellavissent, anno 587 a.C.n. Nabuchodonosor II Hierosolyma expugnavit, regnum finivit, multos Iudaeos in exsilium (in Captivitam Babylonicam quae dicitur) abduxit.^[5]

Post imperium Neobabylonicum casum, Cyrus II rex Persarum et conditor imperii Achaemenidarum Iudaeis in Iudaem regredi permisit. Iis administratio autonoma sub Persarum regimine concessa est, regimen autem sui iuris Iudaei demum 400 annos post recuperaverunt, cum seditio Maccabaeorum contra regnum Seleucidarum bene successisset. Victoria parta domus Hasmonaeorum, cuius reges simul et munere pontificis fungebantur, per fere centum annos (165 a.C.n. – 63 a.C.n.) partes Palaestinae imperio tenebant.

Notae

↑ Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2002). The Bible Unearthed. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-2338-6. - Finkelstein, Israel; Mazar, Amihay; Schmidt, Brian B. (2007). The Quest for the Historical Israel. Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 978-1-58983-277-0.
↑ Cline, Eric H. (2009-09-28). Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-71162-8. Today, after much further discussion in academic journals, it is accepted by most archaeologists that the inscription is not only genuine but that the reference is indeed to the House of David, thus representing the first allusion found anywhere outside the Bible to the biblical David.
↑ Garfinkel, Yosef (2011). The Birth & Death of Biblical Minimalism. Biblical Archaeology Review. 37/3. - Garfinkel, Yossi; Ganor, Sa'ar; Hasel, Michael (2012). Journal 124: Khirbat Qeiyafa preliminary report. Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel. Israel Antiquities Authority.
↑ Friedman, Richard E. (2007). Wer schrieb die Bibel? So entstand das Alte Testament. Anaconda: Coloniae Agrippinae (ISBN 978-3-86647-144-3), p. 126–128.
↑ Lipschits, Oded (2005). The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule. Penn State University Press, pp. 361–367 (ISBN 978-1-575-06297-6).

Bibliographia selecta

Gösta W. Ahlström: The History of Ancient Palestine from the Palaeolithic Period to Alexander’s Conquest. With a contribution by Gary O. Rollefson, edited by Diana Edelman. JSOT.S 146. Sheffield 1993.
Angelika Berlejung: Geschichte und Religionsgeschichte des antiken Israel. In: Gertz, Jan Christian u.a. (Hg.): Grundinformation Altes Testament: Eine Einführung in Literatur, Religion und Geschichte des Alten Testaments. Göttingen 2006; ³2009.
Herbert Donner: Geschichte des Volkes Israel und seiner Nachbarn in Grundzügen. Teil 1: Von den Anfängen bis zur Staatenbildungszeit., Göttingen 1984; Teil 2: Von der Königszeit bis zu Alexander dem Großen, Göttingen 1986; in: Altes Testament Deutsch, Ergänzungsreihe, Bd. 4/1 und 4/2.

[1] Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2002). The Bible Unearthed. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-2338-6. - Finkelstein, Israel; Mazar, Amihay; Schmidt, Brian B. (2007). The Quest for the Historical Israel. Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 978-1-58983-277-0.

[2] Cline, Eric H. (2009-09-28). Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-71162-8. Today, after much further discussion in academic journals, it is accepted by most archaeologists that the inscription is not only genuine but that the reference is indeed to the House of David, thus representing the first allusion found anywhere outside the Bible to the biblical David.

[3] Garfinkel, Yosef (2011). The Birth & Death of Biblical Minimalism. Biblical Archaeology Review. 37/3. - Garfinkel, Yossi; Ganor, Sa'ar; Hasel, Michael (2012). Journal 124: Khirbat Qeiyafa preliminary report. Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel. Israel Antiquities Authority.

[4] Friedman, Richard E. (2007). Wer schrieb die Bibel? So entstand das Alte Testament. Anaconda: Coloniae Agrippinae (ISBN 978-3-86647-144-3), p. 126–128.

[5] Lipschits, Oded (2005). The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule. Penn State University Press, pp. 361–367 (ISBN 978-1-575-06297-6).

[1]