Identifier: americanaunivers08newy (find matches)
Title: The Americana; a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world
Year: 1908 (1900s)
Authors:
Subjects: Encyclopedias and dictionaries
Publisher: New York : Scientific American Compiling Dept.
Contributing Library: University of California Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive

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family of Cestraciontes, the Heter-odontidir. begins in the Permian, and is repre-sented by five living species all in the PacificOcean, the longest known being the Port Jack-son shark of Australia (Hetcrodontus philippi).We may here mention two families of sharks ofuncertain relationship, the species confined to theCarboniferous Age. These are the Pclalodonti-d<T (extinct), with blunt teeth, and some ofthem with broad fins like rays, and the Psam-modontidcc (extinct), known from the bluntteeth only. Still more uncertain is the groupof Tamiobatide (extinct) from the Devonian ofKentucky, resembling a ray. but probably aprimitive offshoot from the sharks. The remaining asterospondylous sharks froma sub-order. Galci, without dorsal spines, andwith the vertebrae more perfectly calcified. Theprincipal family is the Carchariidcc. Others arethe Sphyrnidcc or hammer-heads. Scyliorhinidceor cat-sharks. Cinglymostomidtt, Hcmiscylliida,Orectolobida, Latnnidci or man-eater sharks. ICHTHYOLOGY.
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:^i.ALL.- A.\l< ARMoK ul- TELEuST l-ISH ■ Flying Gurnard (Pegasus chiropterus). 2. Seahorse (Hippocampus antiquorum). 3 Seaweed fish(Phyllopteryx eques). 4. Tentacle fish (Antennarius tridens). 5—16. Characteristic forms of scales araori;teleost fishes; 5. 6, 7. Sparids (sea-breams); 8—9. Percidae (perches); 10, Centnsclds (snipefish); iiMlurida; Icatfish); 12. Fistularida: (flutemouths); 13, Pleuronectidse (soles); 14, Labrid.-e (wrasses)- isPristipomidi (fossil); 16, Sparida; (Cantharus) ICHTHYOLOGY Odontaspidid(B, or sand-sharks, Alopiidcc, orthresher-sharks, Mitsukurinidce or spoon-billsharks, Cetorhinida or basking-sharks, Fscu-dotriakidce and Rhiiteodonlida: Of the Lam-nidcc and related famihes fossil teeth are verynumerous from the Jurassic to modem times. The Tectospondyli have the vertebrs eachprovided with secondary plates of calcified tis-sue concentrically arranged in one or moreseries. In these sharks there is no anal fin. Tothese belong the Squalidcc or dog-fish

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