Harshen Ijaw
Ijaw harsuna (/idʒɔː/), [2] kuma ana furta kalma Ịjọ, yare ne da mutanen Ijaw ke amfani dashi a kudancin Najeriya.
| Harshen Ijaw | |
|---|---|
| Linguistic classification | |
| ISO 639-2 / 5 | ijo |
| Glottolog | ijoo1239[1] |
Rarrabuwa
gyara sasheA al'adance ana ɗaukar yarukan Ijaw wani reshe ne daga dangin Niger-Congo (wata kila ta fito daga tsatson wata ƙungiyar da ake kira Ijoid).[3] An sansu dangane tsarin kalmomin su na batu-abu-aikatau, wanda shi ne in ba haka ba wani sabon abu fasalin a Nijar-Congo, shared kawai da irin wannan m m rassan a matsayin Mande da kuma Dogon. Kamar Mande da Dogon, Ijoid ba shi da ko da alamun tsarin suna wanda ake ganin halaye ne irin na Nijar-Congo. Wannan ya sa Joseph Greenberg, a cikin tsarin sa na farko na Nijar-Congo, ya bayyana su da kuma cewa sun rabu da wuri daga wannan dangin. Koyaya, saboda rashin waɗannan abubuwan, masanin ilimin harshe Gerrit Dimmendaal yana shakkar sanya su cikin Nijar – Kongo kuma yana ɗaukar yarukan Ijoid a matsayin dangi mai zaman kansa.[4]
Waɗannan rarrabuwa na ciki ya dogara da Jenewari (1989) da Williamson & Blench (2000).
- Gabas
- Nkoroo
- Kalabari (Bonny / Ibani, Okrika / Kirike)
- Ijo kudu maso gabas
- Nembe
- Akassa
- Yamma (ko Tsakiya)
- Izon
- Inland Ijo
- Biseni
- Akita (Okordia)
- Oruma
Blench (2019) ya motsa kudu maso gabashin Ijo zuwa reshen yamma (ko Tsakiya ).[5]
- Gabas
- Nkoroo
- Kalabari (Bonny / Ibani, Okrika / Kirike)
- Yamma (ko Tsakiya)
- Ijo kudu maso gabas
- Nembe
- Akassa
- Izon – Inland Ijo
- Izon
- Inland Ijo
- Biseni
- Akita (Okordia)
- Oruma
- Ijo kudu maso gabas
Sunaye da wurare
gyara sasheA ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshen Ijaw, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019).
| Harshe | Gungu | Sauran kalmomin rubutu | Sunan suna don yare | Endonym (s) | Sauran sunaye (tushen wuri) | Sauran sunaye don yare | Masu iya magana | Wuri (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nembe – Akaha tari | Nembe – Akaha | Brass – Ịjọ | 71,500 (1977 Voegelin da Voegelin) | Jihar Ribas, Karamar Hukumar Brass | ||||
| Nembe | Nembe – Akaha | Nimbi | Nembe | Brass (tsohuwar kalmar da ba ta ba Nembe hanya), Nempe, Itebu (Cust 1883); (Nembe) Brass (Tepowa 1904); Nembe – Brass (Littafin Sallah gama gari, 1957); Ijo (Nembe) (Baibul, 1956); Brass – Nembe – Ijaw (Rowlands, 1960); Nembe –Ịjọ (Alagoa, 1967). | 66,600 (1963) | Garuruwan Ribas, LGA LGA, Nembe, kpọkpọma da Tụwani (Brass) da ƙauyukan da ke kusa | ||
| Akaha | Nembe – Akaha | Akasa, Akassaa | Akaha | Akaha | 4,913 (1963) | Jihar Ribas, karamar hukumar Brass, garin Opu – Akassa da ƙauyukan da ke kusa | ||
| Tsaya | Tsaya | Nkoro | Kirika (autonymn cf Opu Kirika don Kịrịrkẹk)) | 20,000 (1963) | Jihar Ribas, Bonny LGA; Garin Opu – Nkọrọ da ƙauyuka 11 | |||
| Ịjọ | Ịjọ | |||||||
| Landungiyoyin landjọ na cikin gida | Cikin Ịjọ | Jihar Ribas, Yenagoa da Brass LGAs | ||||||
| Biseni | Cikin Ịjọ | Buseni | Biseni | Biseni | Amegi | Al'umman da suka kunshi sassa biyar | Jihar Ribas, Yenagoa LGA, Akpeịdd, Egbebiri, Kalama, Tịn andn da kuma bụrụauran kiwon | |
| Akita | Cikin Ịjọ | Okordia, kọkɔdi ‡ | Akita | Akita | Al'umman da suka kunshi bangarori shida, garuruwa shida | Jihar Ribas, Yenagoa LGA | ||
| Oruma | Cikin Ịjọ | Tugbeni | Tugbeni Kạạmạ | Gari ɗaya da ke kewaye da harsunan Delta ta Tsakiya | Jihar Ribas, Karamar Hukumar Brass | |||
| Ịḅanị | KOIN (Kalaḅarị – Okrika – Ịḅanị – Nrò) | Ụḅanì (Fom din Ibo), Bonny (mai nuna haushin sa), Obani | Okuloma, Okoloḅa (sunan asalin asalin garin Bonny) | 60,000 (1987, UBS) | Jihar Ribas, Bonny LGA; Garin Bonny da garuruwa da ƙauyuka 35. Zai iya samun wasu tsofaffin masu magana a Opobo, amma wannan ba a tabbatar da shi ba. | |||
| Kalaḅarì | KOIN (Kalaḅarị – Okrika – Ịḅanị – Nrò) | Kalaḅarì | Kalaḅarì | Sabuwar Calabar | 200,000 (1987, UBS) | Jihar Ribas, Degema da Asari – Toru LGAs; Manyan garuruwa 3 da kauyuka 24 | ||
| Kịrịrkẹk. | KOIN (Kalaḅarị – Okrika – Ịḅanị – Nrò) | Okrika | Garin Okrika | Jihar Ribas, Okrika LGA |
A sauran kasashen Duniya
gyara sasheBerbice Creole Dutch, tsohon yare da ake amfani dasu a Guyana, yana da ƙamus wanda ya dogara da yaren Ịjọ, wataƙila yana da alaka da Kalabari (Kouwenberg 1994).
Ilimi da kafofin watsa labarai
gyara sasheA watan Yunin 2013, aka kaddamar da littafin koyar da karatun Izon Fie da faifan CD a wani bikin da ya samu halartar jami'an gwamnatin jihar Bayelsa. Jami’ar Neja Delta na kokarin fadada jerin littattafan da ake samu a yaren Ijo. Fassarorin shayari da Kiran Kogin Nun da Gabriel Okara ke gudana.[6]
Bibiyar Tarihi
gyara sashe- Freemann, RA, da Kay Williamson. 1967. Ịjọ karin magana. Bayanan Bincike (Ibadan) 1: 1-11.
- Kouwenberg, Silvia 1994. Nahawu ta Berbice Dutch Creole . (Mouton Grammar Library 12). Berlin / New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Lee, JD, da Kay Williamson. 1990. Leididdigar ƙamus na yarukan Ịjọ. Bincike a cikin Yarukan Afirka da Harsunan Afirka 1: 1.1-10.
- Williamson, Kay . 1963. Gajerun kalmomin aiki a cikin Ịjọ. J. Yarukan Afirka 2.150-154.
- Williamson, Kay. 1966. Ị yare yaruka a cikin Polyglotta Africana. Binciken Saliyo na Saliyo 5. 122-133.
- Williamson, Kay. 1969. 'Igbo' da 'Ịjọ', babi na 7 da 8 a cikin: Harsunan Nijeriya Goma Sha Biyu, ed. na E. Dunstan. Longmans.
- Williamson, Kay. 1971. Sunayen dabbobi a Ịjọ. Afr. Bayanan kula 6, a'a. 2, 53-61.
- Williamson, Kay. 1973. Wasu sun rage tsarin daidaita wasula. Bayanan Bincike 6: 1-3. 145-169.
- Williamson, Kay. 1977. Fasali masu yawa don baƙi. Harshe 53.843-871.
- Williamson, Kay. 1978. Daga sautin zuwa karin magana: batun Ịjọ. Kiabàrà 1: 2.116-125.
- Williamson, Kay. 1979. Rabowar baƙi a cikin Ịjọ. A cikin: Karatuttukan ilimin harshe da adabi da aka gabatar wa Archibald Hill, ed. EC Polome da W. Winter, 3.341-353. Lisse, Netherlands: Peter de Ridder Latsa.
- Williamson, Kay. 1979. Baƙi na medial a cikin Proto-Ịjọ. Jaridar Yarukan Afirka da Ilimin Harsuna 1.73-94.
- Williamson, Kay. 1987. Tsaranci a cikin Ịjọ. A cikin: Abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu a cikin ilimin harsunan Afirka, 4, ed. by David Odden, 397-415.
- Williamson, Kay. 1989. Sautin murya da lafazi a cikin Ịjọ. A cikin tsarin karin lafazi, ed. na Harry vd Hulst da Norval Smith, 253-278. Littattafan Foris.
- Williamson, Kay. 2004. Yanayin yare a yankin Niger Delta. Fasali na 2 a cikin: Ci gaban yaren Ịaz, wanda Martha L. Akpana ta shirya, 9-13.
- Williamson, Kay, da AO Timitimi. 1970. Bayani kan alamar lamba a cikin Ịjọ. Bayanan Afirka (Ibadan) 5: 3. 9-16.
- Williamson, Kay & Lokaci, AO (197? ) 'Bayani akan alamar lambar Ijo', Bayanan Afirka, 5, 3, 9-16.
- Filatei, Akpodigha. 2006. Aikin Harshen Ijaw. (Editan www.ijawdictionary.com). www.ijawdictionary.com
- Akan takamaiman harsuna
- Williamson, Kay. 1962. (Sake buga ta Bobbs-Merrill Sake bugawa 1971. ). Canje-canje a tsarin aure na Okrika Ịjọ. Afirka 32.53-60.
- Orupabo, GJ, da Kay Williamson. 1980. Okrika. A cikin takardun bayanan harshen Afirka ta Yamma, Volume II, wanda ME Kropp Dakubu ya shirya. Leiden: Lungiyar Harshen Afirka ta Yamma da Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ijoo1239
|chapterurl=missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. - ↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
- ↑ Williamson, Kay (2011-08-11). A Grammar of the Kolokuma Dialect of Ịjọ (in Turanci). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521175265.
- ↑ "Dimmendaal, Gerrit Jan (2011-01-01). Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 9027211787.
- ↑ "Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ↑ "Garba, Kabir Alabi (2013-06-08). "Izon Fie… Popularising An Indigenous Tongue". The Guardian Nigeria. Retrieved 2013-06-15.