View source for دهقان

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{{also|دہقان}}
==Arabic==

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|ar|pal|tr=dhywkʾn'|ts=dahigān}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ar-IPA|دِهْقَان|دُهْقَان}}

===Noun===
{{ar-noun|دِهْقَان|m|head2=دُهْقَان|pl=دَهَاقِين|f=دِهْقَانَة}}

# [[deghan|dehqan]], [[publican]]
#* {{RQ:Qazwiniy:1849|2|page=278 line 11 a fine}}
# [[publican]], [[alekeeper]]
#* {{quote-book|ar|year=a. 869|authorlink=al-Jahiz|author=ar:الْجَاحِظ|title=ar:اَلْبُخَلَاء|trans-title=The Misers|editor=ar:مُحَمَّد عَلِيّ أَبُو الْعَبَّاس|location=Cairo, Egypt|publisher=اَلْهَيْئَة المِصْرِيَّة الْعَامَّة لِلْكِتَاب|year_published=2012|isbn=978-977-207-283-5|passage=وَٱللّٰهِ إِنِّي لَأُفَضِّلُ '''الدَّهَاقِينَ''' حِينَ عَابُوا الْحَسْوَ، وَتَقَزَّزُوا مِنَ التَّعَرُّقِ، وَبَهْرَجُوا صَاحِبَ التَّمْشِيشِ، وَحِينَ أَكَلُوا بِالْبَارَجِينِ وَقَطَعُوا بِالسِّكِّينِ، وَلَزِمُوا عِنْدَ الطَّعَامِ السَّكْتَةَ، وَتَرَكُوا الْخَوْضَ، وَٱخْتَارُوا الزَّمْزَمَةَ.|page=56}}

====Declension====
{{ar-decl-noun|دِهْقَان|head2=دُهْقَان|pl=دَهَاقِين}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ar|دَهْقَنَ|t=to make dehqan, to elevate into the dehqan peerage}}
* {{l|ar|دَهْقَنَة|t=noble character; astuteness, shrewdness}}

===References===
* {{R:ar:Ullmann-Spiegel|pages=145–147}}

{{C|ar|Nobility|Occupations|Wine}}

==Ottoman Turkish==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ota|ar|دِهْقَان||dehqan, publican}}, itself from {{der|ota|pal|tr=dhywkʾn'|ts=dahigān}}.

===Noun===
{{head|ota|noun|tr=dihkân|definite accusative|دهقانی|plural|دهاقین|f1tr=dihkânı|f2tr=dehâkin}}

# [[peasant]], [[peon]], [[serf]], any [[member]] of the lowly [[social class]] that toils on the [[land]]
#: {{syn|ota|كویلو|tr=köylü}}
# [[farmer]], [[agriculturist]], [[husbandman]], a person who raises [[crop]]s and tends [[animal]]s
#: {{syn|ota|اكینجی|tr1=ekinci|چفتجی|tr2=çiftci|فلاح|tr3=fellah}}
# {{lb|ota|historical}} [[deghan]], a [[class]] of land-owning [[magnate]]s during the [[Sassanian]] period

====Derived terms====
{{col3|ota
|دهقانی<tr:dihkânî><t:pertaining to the country>
}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|tr|dihkan}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:tr:OTK|dihkan|vol=1|page=1212}}
* {{R:ota:Hindoglu|page=238b}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=594}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=1233|Paganus}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|L|column=2202}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=930}}

{{C|ota|Occupations}}

==Persian==

===Etymology===
The form from {{bor|fa|ar|دِهْقَان}}, from {{inh|fa|pal|tr=dhywkʾn'|ts=dahigān|t=countryman, farmer}}, also found as {{doublet|fa|دهگان|tr1=dehgân|دهخان|tr2=dehxân|notext=1}}. {{surf|fa|ده<tr:deh><t:village>|ـگان<tr:-gân><t:pertaining to, -er>}}. Akin to {{cog|xcl|դեհկանութիւն|դեհկան-ութիւն}}, {{cog|syc|ܕܗܩܢܐ|tr=dahqānā}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{fa-IPA|dih`qān|haz=dēğū|kbl=dē`qān}}

===Noun===
{{fa-regional|دهقان|دهقان|деҳқон}}
{{fa-noun|tr=dehqân}}

# [[farmer]], [[peasant]]
#: {{syn|fa|کشاورز<tr:kešâvarz>}}
#* {{quote-book|fa|author=w:Hafez|trans-title={{w|The Divan of Hafez}}|title=fa:دیوان حافظ|year=c. 1390|chapter=Ghazal 486|url= https://ganjoor.net/hafez/ghazal/sh486|text='''دهقان''' سال‌خورده چه خوش گفت با پسر<br>کای نور چشم من! به‌جز از کشته ندروی|tr='''dihqān'''-i sāl-xwarda či xwaš guft bā pisar<br>k-ay nūr-i čašm-i man! ba joz az kišta na-dirawī|t=How well the aged '''peasant''' spoke to his son:<br>"O light of my eyes! You reap nothing but what was planted."|footer=(Classical Persian romanization)}}
#* {{quote-book|fa|title=fa:غرب‌زدگی|trans-title={{w|Gharbzadegi|Occidentosis: A Plague from the West}}|year=1962|author={{w|Jalal Al-e-Ahmad}}
|text=به هر صورت درست است که مشخصّات دقیق یک زلزله را باید از زلزله‌سنج دانشگاه پرسید، امّا پیش از این که زلزله‌سنج، چیزی ضبط کند اسب '''دهقان'''، اگرچه نانجیب هم باشد، گریخته است و سر به بیابان امن گذاشته{{...}}
|tr=be har surat dorost ast ke mošaxxasât-e daqiq-e yek zelzele râ bâyad az zelzele-sanj-e dânešgâh porsid, ammâ piš az in ke zelzele-sanj, čizi zabt konad asb-e '''dehqân''', agarče nânajib ham bâšad, gorixte ast va sar be biyâbân-e amn gozâšte{{...}}
|t=It is true in any case that the university seismograph must be consulted for the exact details of an earthquake, but before the seismograph has recorded a thing, the '''peasant''''s horse, though not at all a noble animal, will already have fled and set off for the safe wilderness{{...}}
}}
# {{lb|fa|historical}} {{w|dihqan}} (local aristocrat in late [[Sasanian]] and early Islamic Iran)
#* {{quote-book|fa|title=fa:شاهنامه|trans-title={{w|Shahnameh|Book of Kings}}|year=c. 1011|author={{w|Ferdowsi|Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī}}|chapter=The Reign of Bahrām Gōr|url=https://ganjoor.net/ferdousi/shahname/bahgoor/sh39|text=نه بازارگان ماند ایدر نه شاه<br>نه '''دهقان''' نه لشکر نه تخت و کلاه|tr=na bāzārgān mānd andar na šāh<br>na '''dihqān''' na laškar na taxt u kulāh|t=No merchant remained there, nor a king,<br>No '''lord''' nor army nor throne and crown.|footer=(Classical Persian romanization)}}
# {{lb|fa|obsolete|by extension from "Persian aristocrat"}} [[Persian]], [[Iranian]] (as opposed to Arabs and Turks)
#* {{quote-book|fa|title=fa:شاهنامه|trans-title={{w|Shahnameh|Book of Kings}}|year=c. 1011|author={{w|Ferdowsi|Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī}}|chapter=The Reign of Yazdgird|url=https://ganjoor.net/ferdousi/shahname/yazdgerd3/sh2|text=نه '''دهقان''' نه ترک و نه تازی بود<br>سخن‌ها به کردار بازی بود|tr=na '''dihqān''' na turk u na tāzī buwad<br>suxan-hā ba kirdār-i bāzī buwad|t=They will be neither '''Persian''' nor Turk nor Arab,<br>Their words will be in the manner of a joke.|footer=(Classical Persian romanization)}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|fa
|دهقانی<tr:dehqâni>
}}

====Descendants====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|chg|دهقان|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|دېھقان}}
** {{desc|uz|dehqon}}
* {{desc|gu|દિહકાન|bor=1}}
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|hi|दिहक़ान}}
*: {{desc|ur|دِہْقَان}}
* {{desc|kk|диқан|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|daýhan|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}

===Proper noun===
{{fa-regional|دهقان|دهقان|Деҳқон}}
{{fa-proper noun|tr=dehqân}}

# {{surname|fa}}, [[Dehghan]], [[Dehqan]]

===Further reading===
* {{R:syc:ILS|page=148|url=https://sedra.bethmardutho.org/lexeme/get/8299}}
* {{R:xcl:AG|page=139}}
* {{R:fa:Vullers|L|I|page=942}}

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