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'''Lambeth''' is a place in the [[London Borough of Lambeth]], although the area is now more commonly known as '''Waterloo''', after the railway station whose viaduct separates the former centre of the village from the [[River Thames]]. Lambeth is the site of [[St Thomas' Hospital]], the [[London Eye]], the [[Royal National Theatre]], the [[Royal Festival Hall]], [[County Hall, London|County Hall]] as well as [[Waterloo station]].
'''Lambeth''' is a place in the [[London Borough of Lambeth]], although the area is now more commonly known as '''Waterloo''', after the railway station whose viaduct separates the former centre of the village from the [[River Thames]]. Lambeth is the site of [[St Thomas' Hospital]], the [[London Eye]], the [[Royal National Theatre]], the [[Royal Festival Hall]], [[County Hall, London|County Hall]] as well as [[Waterloo station]].
==History==
==History==
The name Lambeth is thought to originate from he [[Old English]] "lamb" and "hythe", suggesting a landing place for lambs or sheep. The boundaries of the manor and the parish of Lambeth are largely the same as the present Borough of Lambeth, with the addition of the old parishes of [[Streatham]] and [[Clapham]]. The manor of Lambeth was owned by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] from 1190 onwards. [[Lambeth Palace]] use to be located opposite the [[Palace of Westminster]] and the two were linked by a [[horse ferry]] across the [[Thames]].<ref>[London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth</ref>
Lambeth appears in [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 as ''Lanchei''. It was held partly by Lambeth Church and partly by Count Robert of Mortain. Its domesday assets were: 2½ [[hide (unit)|hide]]s; 1 church, 10 [[plough]]s, {{convert|22|acre|m2}} of [[meadow]], [[woodland]] worth 3 [[hog (swine)|hog]]s, 19 [[burgess (title)|burgesses]] in London paid £1 16s 0d. It rendered £15.<ref>[http://www.gwp.enta.net/surrnames.htm Surrey Domesday Book]</ref>


Until the mid 18th Century the north of Lambeth was marshland, crossed by a number of roads raised againts floods. The south of Lambeth was dominated by woods and commons, with a number of villages and settlements, such as [[Clapham]] and [[Streatham]], on old Roman roads to the south coast of Britain. Industry was concentrated in the north along the riverside of the [[Thames]] and Lambeth was known for [[glassmaking]], [[pottery]] and [[boat building]].<ref>[London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth</ref>
The ancient settlement of Lambeth Marsh was immediately opposite the [[Palace of Westminster]].
The [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] has had his official residence at [[Lambeth Palace]] since the 12th century. The village was home to boatmen serving the [[City of London]] and Westminster.
The riverside village had an extensive parish, which stretched for six miles (10&nbsp;km) south, including the manors of [[Kennington]] and [[Vauxhall]]. It formed part of [[Surrey]] until the creation of the [[County of London]] in 1889.<ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit_page.jsp?u_id=10146410 Vision of Britain] - Lambeth St Mary CP ([http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/bound_map_page.jsp?first=true&u_id=10146410&c_id=10001043 historic map])</ref> The [[parish]], and the subsequent [[Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth]] (1900&ndash;1965), included the later settlements at [[Brixton]] and [[Norwood]].


With the opening of [[Westminster Bridge]] in 1750, followed by the [[Blackfriars Bridge]] and [[Vauxhall Bridge]], a number of major thoroughfares were developed through Lambeth, such as Westminster Bridge Road, Kennington Road and Camberwell New Road. As the bridges allowed Londoners to escape the [[City of London|City]], ribbon developments of houses and shops emerged along the new roads, and many of the imposing [[Terrace housing|terraces]] remain.<ref>[London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth</ref>
The parish church of St Mary Lambeth is next door to Lambeth Palace. It still has a medieval tower, but was mostly rebuilt in the [[Victorian era]] (to a design by [[Philip Charles Hardwick]]). It narrowly escaped demolition in the 1970s during which time it was used by the charity ''[[Crisis at Christmas]]'' to house and feed homeless people during Christmas week each year.<ref>[http://www.crisis.org.uk/page.builder/volunteer.html] Crisis website - volunteers. Accessed September 12, 2007</ref>


With the [[London railways|railways]] in the mid 19th century allowed for [[suburban]] expansion in the south of Lambeth. [[Brixton]], [[Herne Hill]], [[Clapham]], [[Streatham[[ and [[Norwood]] had railway stations built and became attractive to the lower middle classes who worked in the [[City of London|City]] and the [[London West End|West End]]. The population of [[Norwood]] grew from 600 to 6,000 in 50 years. In addition to the parish church of St Mart of Lambeth four new churches were built in the 1820s, the St Mark's in [[Kennington]], the St John's in [[Waterloo]], the St Like's in [[Norwood]] and the St Matthew's in [[Brixton]]. In 1900 the Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth was formed. [[Streatham]] and [[Clapham]] in the Metropolitan [[Borough of Wandsworth]]. Building and development of the borough continued and by 1930 Streatham, in the south of Lambeth, was a thriving suburb with a reputation as an entertainment centre.<ref>[London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth</ref>
The church is now the [[Museum of Garden History]]. The churchyard contains the tomb of the famous plant collector [[John Tradescant the elder]] and [[John Tradescant the younger|his son of the same name]].


After the [[second world war]] a programme of [[slum clearance]] and [[public housing]] was implemented, often fiercely resisted in the south of Lambeth. A policy of demolishing large 19th century properties, to be replaced by [[council estates]], was continued until the 1970s.<ref>[London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth</ref>
With the rapid growth in population across the parish in the early 19th century, four "daughter" churches were constructed between 1822 and 1825, named after the four [[evangelists]] &ndash; St Mark's [[Kennington]], St Matthew's [[Brixton]], St Luke's [[West Norwood]] and St John's in [[Waterloo Road, London|Waterloo Road]].

In 1865 the old parishes of Lambeth, Streatham and Clapham were combined to form the London Borough of Lambeth.<ref>[London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth</ref>


==Transport==
==Transport==

Revision as of 22:58, 27 March 2010

For other uses, see Lambeth (disambiguation).
Lambeth
OS grid referenceTQ305785
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLONDON
Postcode districtSE1,SE11
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly
List of places
UK
England
London

Lambeth is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth, although the area is now more commonly known as Waterloo, after the railway station whose viaduct separates the former centre of the village from the River Thames. Lambeth is the site of St Thomas' Hospital, the London Eye, the Royal National Theatre, the Royal Festival Hall, County Hall as well as Waterloo station.

History

The name Lambeth is thought to originate from he Old English "lamb" and "hythe", suggesting a landing place for lambs or sheep. The boundaries of the manor and the parish of Lambeth are largely the same as the present Borough of Lambeth, with the addition of the old parishes of Streatham and Clapham. The manor of Lambeth was owned by the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1190 onwards. Lambeth Palace use to be located opposite the Palace of Westminster and the two were linked by a horse ferry across the Thames.[1]

Until the mid 18th Century the north of Lambeth was marshland, crossed by a number of roads raised againts floods. The south of Lambeth was dominated by woods and commons, with a number of villages and settlements, such as Clapham and Streatham, on old Roman roads to the south coast of Britain. Industry was concentrated in the north along the riverside of the Thames and Lambeth was known for glassmaking, pottery and boat building.[2]

With the opening of Westminster Bridge in 1750, followed by the Blackfriars Bridge and Vauxhall Bridge, a number of major thoroughfares were developed through Lambeth, such as Westminster Bridge Road, Kennington Road and Camberwell New Road. As the bridges allowed Londoners to escape the City, ribbon developments of houses and shops emerged along the new roads, and many of the imposing terraces remain.[3]

With the railways in the mid 19th century allowed for suburban expansion in the south of Lambeth. Brixton, Herne Hill, Clapham, [[Streatham[[ and Norwood had railway stations built and became attractive to the lower middle classes who worked in the City and the West End. The population of Norwood grew from 600 to 6,000 in 50 years. In addition to the parish church of St Mart of Lambeth four new churches were built in the 1820s, the St Mark's in Kennington, the St John's in Waterloo, the St Like's in Norwood and the St Matthew's in Brixton. In 1900 the Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth was formed. Streatham and Clapham in the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth. Building and development of the borough continued and by 1930 Streatham, in the south of Lambeth, was a thriving suburb with a reputation as an entertainment centre.[4]

After the second world war a programme of slum clearance and public housing was implemented, often fiercely resisted in the south of Lambeth. A policy of demolishing large 19th century properties, to be replaced by council estates, was continued until the 1970s.[5]

In 1865 the old parishes of Lambeth, Streatham and Clapham were combined to form the London Borough of Lambeth.[6]

Transport

Nearest places

The nearest London Underground stations are Waterloo, Southwark and Lambeth North. London Waterloo is also a National Rail station.

Notable individuals associated with Lambeth

Rob Lord- composer of music for films, TV and computer games

Edward Thomas memorial stone near Steep mentions that his birthplace was Lambeth

See also

References

  1. ^ [London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth
  2. ^ [London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth
  3. ^ [London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth
  4. ^ [London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth
  5. ^ [London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth
  6. ^ [London Borough of Lambeth Ideal Homes - London Borough of Lambeth
  7. ^ The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary, Simon Winchester, HarperPerennial, New York, 1998, trade paperback, ISBN. (The original British edition has the title The Surgeon of Crowthorne, ISBN.)
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