Primitivo Mijares: Difference between revisions
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* {{Cite web|last=Inquirer|first=Philippine Daily|date=2017-02-19|title=In the Know: Primitivo Mijares|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/872925/in-the-know-primitivo-mijares|access-date=2021-09-27|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}} |
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* {{Cite web|last=Grande|first=Gigi|date=2017-02-20|title=Who was Primitivo Mijares? Gospel truths and urban legends|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/02/20/17/who-was-primitivo-mijares-gospel-truths-and-urban-legends|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-27|website=ABS-CBN News|language=en}} |
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* {{Cite web|last=Pasion|first=Patty|date=2017-02-14|title=Remember Primitivo Mijares? Grandson to relaunch anti-Marcos book|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/martial-law-primitivo-mijares-grandson-relaunch-book|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-27|website=Rappler|language=en}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Robles|first=Raissa Espinosa-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952277519|title=Marcos martial law : never again|date=2016|others=Alan Robles, Inc Filipinos for A Better Philippines|isbn=978-621-95443-1-3|location=Quezon City|oclc=952277519}} |
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Information from [[conjugal dictatorship]] might also be useful. Todo: Learn [[WP:SFN]]. |
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{{cbot}} |
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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| name = Primitivo Mijares |
| name = Primitivo Mijares |
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| Line 17: | Line 5: | ||
| disappeared_date = January 1977 |
| disappeared_date = January 1977 |
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| known_for = Exposing illegal activities of the [[Marcos dictatorship]] |
| known_for = Exposing illegal activities of the [[Marcos dictatorship]] |
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| spouse = Priscilla Mijares |
| spouse = Priscilla Mijares |
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| children = 4 |
| children = 4 |
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| nickname = "Tibo" |
| nickname = "Tibo" |
||
}} |
}} |
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'''Primitivo Mijares''' (born 1932 – disappeared 1977) was a Filipino journalist, author, and former [[Censorship|press censor]] and [[Propaganda|propagandist]]. He was a reporter of the [[Philippines Daily Express]], a newspaper in circulation during the [[History of the Philippines (1965–1986)|regime of then-Philippines President]] [[Ferdinand Marcos]]. |
'''Primitivo Mijares''' (born 1932 – disappeared 1977) was a Filipino journalist, author, and former [[Censorship|press censor]] and [[Propaganda|propagandist]]. He was a reporter of the [[Philippines Daily Express]], a newspaper in circulation during the [[History of the Philippines (1965–1986)|regime of then-Philippines President]] [[Ferdinand Marcos]]. |
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On October 23, 1974, Mijares fled the Philippines for the United States, later issuing a [[defection]] statement in the United States on February 5, 1975. He would then testify before the United States [[House International Relations Committee]] about the tortures and corruption in the Marcos administration. |
On October 23, 1974, Mijares fled the Philippines for the United States, later issuing a [[defection]] statement in the United States on February 5, 1975. He would then testify before the United States [[House International Relations Committee]] about the tortures and corruption in the Marcos administration. |
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== Early life and education == |
== Early life and education == |
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In his early years, Mijares lived in [[Santo Tomas, Batangas]]. He was orphaned at the age of 12 after his mother and father were killed by Japanese soldiers during [[World War II in the Philippines|World War II]]. Following the war, he was separated from his sisters who moved to [[Borneo]] (now part of [[Sabah]]).<ref name="ConjugalDictatorship>{{Cite book|last=Mijares|first=Primitivo|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/971061147|title=The conjugal dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos|date=2016|isbn=978-1-5232-9219-6|edition=1976|location=[United States]|oclc=971061147}}</ref> |
In his early years, Mijares lived in [[Santo Tomas, Batangas]]. He was orphaned at the age of 12 after his mother and father were killed by Japanese soldiers during [[World War II in the Philippines|World War II]]. Following the war, he was separated from his sisters who moved to [[Borneo]] (now part of [[Sabah]]).<ref name="ConjugalDictatorship>{{Cite book|last=Mijares|first=Primitivo|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/971061147|title=The conjugal dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos|date=2016|isbn=978-1-5232-9219-6|edition=1976|location=[United States]|oclc=971061147}}</ref> |
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Mijares went to high school in Baguio where he edited the school newspaper. Mijares pursued a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degree in the [[Lyceum of the Philippines University]], and passed the [[Philippine Bar Examination]] in 1960.<ref name="ConjugalDictatorship" /> |
Mijares went to high school in Baguio where he edited the school newspaper. Mijares pursued a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degree in the [[Lyceum of the Philippines University]], and passed the [[Philippine Bar Examination]] in 1960.<ref name="ConjugalDictatorship" /> |
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== Career == |
== Career == |
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Mijares became an editor of the Baguio Midland Courier in 1950 and later the [[Manila Chronicle]] in 1951.<ref name="ConjugalDictatorship" /> He and Marcos formed a close relationship after Mijares covered Marcos in the Manila Chronicle. |
Mijares became an editor of the Baguio Midland Courier in 1950 and later the [[Manila Chronicle]] in 1951.<ref name="ConjugalDictatorship" /> He and Marcos formed a close relationship after Mijares covered Marcos in the Manila Chronicle. was later selected by Marcos as the presidential reporter for the [[Philippines Daily Express]] following its reopening after martial law was declared.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1975-06-05|title=Former Philippine official tells of corruption in Marcos regime|work=[[Reno Gazette-Journal]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/148859954|url-access=subscription|access-date=2021-09-29|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |
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When Marcos established the Media Advisory Council in 1973, its ex-officio position of Chairman was to be filled by the president of the National Press Club.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marcos|first=Ferdinand|date=1973-05-11|title=Presidential Decree No. 191, s. 1973|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1973/05/11/presidential-decree-no-191-s-1973/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|language=en-US}}</ref> He later told Mijares to run for the position, which he later won as he had no opponents.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== Defection and disappearance == |
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Midway through the martial law period, Mijares became disgusted.<ref name="Robles2016">{{Cite book|last=Espinosa-Robles|first=Raissa|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952277519|title=Marcos Martial Law: Never Again|date=2016|others=Alan Robles, Filipinos for A Better Philippines Inc.|isbn=978-621-95443-1-3|location=Quezon City|oclc=952277519}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Anderson|first=Jack|last2=Whitten|first2=Les|date=1975-07-03|title=House Witness Spurns $50,000 Bribe|work=[[The Charlotte News]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/622792655/|url-access=subscription|access-date=2021-09-29}}</ref> In an interview with the [[Reno Gazette-Journal]], he stated that he "felt guilty allowing all Marcos' friends to take over for nothing."<ref name=":0" /> |
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On October 23, 1974, Mijares fled the Philippines for the United States. He then issued a [[defection]] statement in the United States on February 5, 1975, and began living in [[San Francisco]], [[California]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=1975-06-07|title=Marcos Denies Bribe Officer|work=[[Hawaii Tribune-Herald]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/556617293/?terms=Primitivo%20Mijares&match=1|url-access=subscription|access-date=2021-09-29|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |
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On June 17, 1975, Mijares was to appear before a United States [[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|House International Relations]] subcommittee to testify claims of bribery,<ref name=":0" /> corruption, and fraud against Marcos.<ref name=":1" /> The night prior, Marcos made an international telephone call to Mijares, asking him not to testify. [[Guillermo de Vega]] then got on the line and offered Mijares US$50,000 ({{Inflation|index=US|value=50,000|start_year=1975|fmt=eq|cursign=US$}}) as a bribe. The following day, then-Philippine [[Consul (representative)|Consul General]] Trinidad Alconel called Mijares to reiterate the bribe, which was raised to US$100,000 ({{Inflation|index=US|value=100,000|start_year=1975|fmt=eq|cursign=US$}}).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Frederick|first=Sherman|date=1976-08-13|title=Anti-Marcos Filipinos Continue Resistance|work=[[Arizona Daily Sun]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/516697277/|url-access=subscription|access-date=2021-09-29|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Mijares rejected the bribes and continued with his testimony as planned.<ref name=":1" /> Then-Information Secretary [[Francisco Tatad]] later said that Marcos denied ever making a telephone call to Mijares.<ref name=":2" /> |
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After his testimony, Mijares began writing a book entitled ''The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos'', which was published in 1976.<ref name=":3" /> The book contained a personal account of the Marcos regime.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Mijares made his final phone call to his family on January 23, 1977. Mijares was last seen on January 1977, boarding a flight from Guam to the Philippines with General [[Fabian Ver]] and the nephew of [[Querube Makalintal]].<ref name="Robles2016" /> Later attempts at finding him failed as there were no more traces of Mijares found.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anderson|first=Jack|last2=Whitten|first2=Les|date=1977-05-23|title=Missing Witness|work=[[Asbury Park Press]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/145723924/|url-access=subscription|access-date=2021-09-29|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Urban legends claim that Mijares was forced off of a flying chopper midway through Guam and the Philippines, although his family has denied such claim.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grande|first=Gigi|date=2017-02-20|title=Who was Primitivo Mijares? Gospel truths and urban legends|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/focus/02/20/17/who-was-primitivo-mijares-gospel-truths-and-urban-legends|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-29|website=ABS-CBN News|language=en}}</ref> |
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== Personal life == |
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| ⚫ | |||
== Works == |
== Works == |
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Mijares published one book: The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos (1976), an [[Exposé (journalism)|exposé]] on the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos. The book was relaunched in 2017 by Mijares' grandson, JC Mijares Gurango, along with the [[Bantayog ng mga Bayani]] and [[Ateneo de Manila University Press]].<ref>{{Cite |
Mijares published one book: The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos (1976), an [[Exposé (journalism)|exposé]] on the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos. The book was relaunched in 2017 by Mijares' grandson, JC Mijares Gurango, along with the [[Bantayog ng mga Bayani]] and [[Ateneo de Manila University Press]].<ref>{{Cite |title='Conjugal Dictatorship' to be relaunched in time for EDSA anniversary|url=https://www.rappler.com/bulletin-board/conjugal-dictatorship-new-edition-primitivo-mijares|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Rappler|language=en}}</ref> It was on February 21, right before the 31st anniversary of the [[People Power Revolution]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pasion|first=Patty|title=Remember Primitivo Mijares? Grandson to relaunch anti-Marcos book|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/martial-law-primitivo-mijares-grandson-relaunch-book|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Rappler|language=en}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos]] |
* [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos]] |
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* [[History of the Philippines (1965–1986)]] |
* [[History of the Philippines (1965–1986)]] |
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== Bibliography == |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 07:16, 29 September 2021
Primitivo Mijares | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1932 |
| Disappeared | January 1977 |
| Other names | "Tibo" |
| Known for | Exposing illegal activities of the Marcos dictatorship |
| Spouse(s) | Priscilla Mijares,
Virginia Concha (m. 1969) |
| Children | 4 |
Primitivo "Tibo" Mijares (born 1932 – disappeared 1977) was a Filipino journalist, author, and former press censor and propagandist. He was a reporter of the Philippines Daily Express, a newspaper in circulation during the regime of then-Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos.
On October 23, 1974, Mijares fled the Philippines for the United States, later issuing a defection statement in the United States on February 5, 1975. He would then testify before the United States House International Relations Committee about the tortures and corruption in the Marcos administration.
Mijares was last seen on January 1977, boarding a flight from Guam to the Philippines with General Fabian Ver and the nephew of Querube Makalintal. Later attempts at finding him failed.
Early life and education
In his early years, Mijares lived in Santo Tomas, Batangas. He was orphaned at the age of 12 after his mother and father were killed by Japanese soldiers during World War II. Following the war, he was separated from his sisters who moved to Borneo (now part of Sabah).[2][3]
Mijares went to high school in Baguio where he edited the school newspaper. Mijares pursued a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degree in the Lyceum of the Philippines University, and passed the Philippine Bar Examination in 1960.[2]
Career
Mijares became an editor of the Baguio Midland Courier in 1950 and later the Manila Chronicle in 1951.[2] He and Marcos formed a close relationship after Mijares covered Marcos in the Manila Chronicle. Mijares was later selected by Marcos as the presidential reporter for the Philippines Daily Express following its reopening after martial law was declared.[4]
When Marcos established the Media Advisory Council in 1973, its ex-officio position of Chairman was to be filled by the president of the National Press Club.[5] He later told Mijares to run for the position, which he later won as he had no opponents.[4]
Defection and disappearance
Midway through the martial law period, Mijares became disgusted.[1][6] In an interview with the Reno Gazette-Journal, he stated that he "felt guilty allowing all Marcos' friends to take over for nothing."[4]
On October 23, 1974, Mijares fled the Philippines for the United States. He then issued a defection statement in the United States on February 5, 1975, and began living in San Francisco, California.[4][7]
On June 17, 1975, Mijares was to appear before a United States House International Relations subcommittee to testify claims of bribery,[4] corruption, and fraud against Marcos.[6] The night prior, Marcos made an international telephone call to Mijares, asking him not to testify. Guillermo de Vega then got on the line and offered Mijares US$50,000 (equivalent to US$283,117 in 2023) as a bribe. The following day, then-Philippine Consul General Trinidad Alconel called Mijares to reiterate the bribe, which was raised to US$100,000 (equivalent to US$566,234 in 2023).[6][8] Mijares rejected the bribes and continued with his testimony as planned.[6] Then-Information Secretary Francisco Tatad later said that Marcos denied ever making a telephone call to Mijares.[7]
After his testimony, Mijares began writing a book entitled The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos, which was published in 1976.[8] The book contained a personal account of the Marcos regime.[4]
Mijares made his final phone call to his family on January 23, 1977. Mijares was last seen on January 1977, boarding a flight from Guam to the Philippines with General Fabian Ver and the nephew of Querube Makalintal.[1] Later attempts at finding him failed as there were no more traces of Mijares found.[9] Urban legends claim that Mijares was forced off of a flying chopper midway through Guam and the Philippines, although his family has denied such claim.[10]
Personal life
Mijares was married in the Philippines to Priscilla Mijares with four children. Months after Mijares' disappearance, their youngest son, Luis Manuel "Boyet" Mijares, was kidnapped, brutally tortured, and killed.[11] Mijares was also illegally married to Virginia Concha on September 6, 1969, in Reno, Nevada.[1]
Works
Mijares only published one book: The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos (1976), an exposé on the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos. The book was relaunched in 2017 by Mijares' grandson, JC Mijares Gurango, along with the Bantayog ng mga Bayani and Ateneo de Manila University Press.[12] It was relaunched on February 21, right before the 31st anniversary of the People Power Revolution.[13]
See also
- Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship
- Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
- History of the Philippines (1965–1986)
References
- ^ a b c d Espinosa-Robles, Raissa (2016). Marcos Martial Law: Never Again. Alan Robles, Filipinos for A Better Philippines Inc. Quezon City. ISBN 978-621-95443-1-3. OCLC 952277519.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c Mijares, Primitivo (2016). The conjugal dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos (1976 ed.). [United States]. ISBN 978-1-5232-9219-6. OCLC 971061147.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "In the Know: Primitivo Mijares". INQUIRER.net. 2017-02-19. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d e f "Former Philippine official tells of corruption in Marcos regime". Reno Gazette-Journal. 1975-06-05. Retrieved 2021-09-29 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Marcos, Ferdinand (1973-05-11). "Presidential Decree No. 191, s. 1973". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d Anderson, Jack; Whitten, Les (1975-07-03). "House Witness Spurns $50,000 Bribe". The Charlotte News. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
- ^ a b "Marcos Denies Bribe Officer". Hawaii Tribune-Herald. 1975-06-07. Retrieved 2021-09-29 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Frederick, Sherman (1976-08-13). "Anti-Marcos Filipinos Continue Resistance". Arizona Daily Sun. Retrieved 2021-09-29 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Anderson, Jack; Whitten, Les (1977-05-23). "Missing Witness". Asbury Park Press. Retrieved 2021-09-29 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Grande, Gigi (2017-02-20). "Who was Primitivo Mijares? Gospel truths and urban legends". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Zamora, Fe (2017-02-19). "Family secret: How Primitivo Mijares disappeared". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
- ^ "'Conjugal Dictatorship' to be relaunched in time for EDSA anniversary". Rappler (Press release). Retrieved 2021-09-29.
- ^ Pasion, Patty. "Remember Primitivo Mijares? Grandson to relaunch anti-Marcos book". Rappler. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)