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Pattavali

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Stela: Bhadrabahu as the last Kevalin in Digambara tradition
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A Pattavali (From Sanskrit patta: seat, avali: chain), Sthaviravali or Theravali, is a record of a spiritual lineage of heads of monastic orders. They are thus spiritual genealogies.[1] It is generally presumed that two successive names are teacher and pupil. The term is applicable for all Indian religions, but is generally used for Jain monastic orders.

There are several famous pattavalis which are often used to establish historical chronologies:[2][3]

Glasenapp notes that although the chronological list mentioned in pattavali are valuable, it is not reliable.[6]

Description

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Pattavali states the lineage of Jain monks.[7]

The Jain Monastic Lineages

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According to 600 AD inscription at Sravanabelagola, Harivansha Purana, Jambuddvita Pannati and Kalpasutra, the Pattavali (lineage) after Mahavira, 24th tirthankara, until Bhadrabāhu is commonly recognized by both the sects without disputes. Differences arise from Sthulabhadra onwards, whose undisputed adherence to the Śvetāmbara is confirmed. [8] Kalpasutra gives a lineage starting with Pushyagiri after Vajrasena ending with Devardhi Ksamashramana, the president of the Vallabhi council under whom the principal canonical scriptures of the Śvetāmbara sect were formally written. The Kalpasutra also mentions ganas and shakhas established by other disciples of Bhadrabahu, Sambhutavijaya, Mahagiri etc. [9] The Brihat-Kharataragachchha pattavali gives the name of Chandra after Vajrasena, the lineage continues until Udyotana, the founder of Brihadgachcha.[10]

Apart from the given list, another list of preceptors of the Upkeśa Gaccha (now extinct) within the Śvetāmbara sect exists. While all other pattavalis trace their ancestry to the 24th Tirthankara Mahavira, Upkeśa Gaccha traces its ancestry to the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha. [11] This pattavali, therefore, also supports the claim of the antiquity of the Śvetāmbara sect. Several eminent preceptors including Acharya Ratnaprabhasuri (founder of Oswal clan) and Acharya Swayamprabhasuri (founder of Porwal clan) belonged to the Upkeśa Gaccha.

Digambara Lineage

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According to Digambar tradition, the monastic lineage after Bhadrabāhu was:[12]

Arhadvali is said to have been the founder of the divisions of the Mula Sangha. Even though the Digambara sect claims Manatunga was a Digambara monk, none of the pattavalis maintained by the Digambara sect mention him.

Śvetāmbara Lineage

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According to the Śvetāmbara tradition, the monastic lineage is as follows: - [13]

  1. Sudharmaswami
  2. Jambu Swami
  3. Prabhava
  4. Sayyambhava
  5. Yashobhadra
  6. Sambhutavijaya & Bhadrabahu
  7. Sthulabhadra 
  8. Mahagiri (268 BC to 168 BC) and Suhastin (222 BC to 122 BC)[14]
  9. Susthita and Supratibuddh
  10. Indradinna
  11. Dinna
  12. Sinhagiri
  13. Vajraswami (31 BC to 47 CE)[15]
  14. Vajrasena
  15. Chandrasuri
  16. Vriddhadeva
  17. Pradyotansuri
  18. Mandevsuri
  19. Mantungsuri - author of Bhaktāmara Stotra
  20. Virsuri
  21. Jaidevsuri
  22. Anandsuri
  23. Vikramsuri
  24. Narsimhsuriji
  25. Samudrasuri
  26. Mandevsuri II
  27. Vibudhprabhasuri
  28. Jayanandsuri
  29. Raviprabhsuri
  30. Yashodevsuri
  31. Pradyumnasuri
  32. Mandevsuri III
  33. Vimalchandrasuri
  34. Udyotansuri
  35. Sarvadevsuri
  36. Devsuri
  37. Sarvadevsuri II
  38. Yashobhadrasuri
  39. Munichandrasuri
  40. Vadidevsuri
  41. Vijaisinghsuri
  42. Somaprabhsuri
  43. Jagatchandrasuri - Founder of Tapagaccha
  44. Devendrasuri
  45. Vidyanandsuri and Dharmagoshsuri
  46. Somaprabhsuri
  47. Somatilaksuri
  48. Devsundersuri
  49. Somasundersuri
  50. Munisundersuri
  51. Ratnashekharsuri
  52. Lakshmisagarsuri
  53. Sumatisadhusuri
  54. Hemvimalsuri
  55. Anandvimalsuri
  56. Vijay Dansuri
  57. Vijay Hirsuri - One who inspired Akbar
  58. Vijaysen Suri
  59. Vijaydev suri
  60. Vijaysimhsuri
  61. Vijayprabhavsuri
  62. Satyavijay Gani

Another list of monks, of the preceptors of the Upkeśa Gaccha also exists and is considered to be an important pattavali as the creation of major Śvetāmbara clans such as Oswal, Porwal, and Srimal are connected to Upkeśa Gaccha.[4][5]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Śrī paṭṭāvalī-samuccayaḥ, Vīramagāma, Gujarāta : Śrī Cāritra-Smāraka-Granthamālā, 1933
  2. ^ Akbar as Reflected in the Contemporary Jain Literature in Gujarat, by Shirin Mehta, Social Scientist, 1992, p. 54-60
  3. ^ Medieval Jaina Goddess Traditions, by John Cort Numen,1987 BRILL, p. 235-255
  4. ^ a b Maharaja, Gyansundar. "Oswal Porwal Aur Shreemal Jatiyo Ka Sachitra Prachin Itihas". jainqq.org. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  5. ^ a b Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Vol-19, Issue no.-January-December.
  6. ^ Glasenapp 1999, p. 12
  7. ^ Upinder Singh 2016, p. 26.
  8. ^ "History of the Digambaras", Jainworld.com, 16 January 1977, archived from the original on 4 March 2016, retrieved 7 September 2015
  9. ^ "Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Lives of the Ginas: List of the Sthaviras". sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  10. ^ Shri, Jina Vijay A. (1932). Kharatara Gaccha Pattavali Sangraha.
  11. ^ Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Vol-19, Issue no.-January-December.
  12. ^ "History of Digambara". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  13. ^ "kalpasutra". Jainworld.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  14. ^ Natubhai Shah 2004, p. 46.
  15. ^ Natubhai Shah 2004, p. 47.

References

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