Lantian Formation

Lantian Formation
Lantian Formation
Stratigraphic range: Ediacaran; ~602 ± 7 – ~577 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Location
Location	South China
Country	China

The Lantian Formation is a 150-meter-thick sequence of rocks deposited in Xiuning County, Anhui Province in southern China during a 90-million-year epoch in the Ediacaran period.^[2] Its algal macrofossils (which have alternatively been interpreted as putative metazoans^[3]) are the oldest large and complex fossils known.^[2]

Sedimentology

The rocks were deposited in shallow seas, in the photic zone yet below storm wave base^{[clarification needed]},^[4] yet were deposited in predominantly anoxic conditions. The fossils are located on the bedding planes, and are randomly oriented.^[2]

The lowest part of the formation consists of a cap dolomite, marking the end of the Marinoan glaciation and start of the Ediacaran. Above this is black shale containing the Lantian biota fossils. Above this are layers of dolomite, and shale followed by limestone. The highest part of the formation is black shale again. Above the formation is the Piyuancun formation consisting of silicious rock. The Lantian formation overlies diamictite from the Cryogenian.^[5]

Taphonomy

The fossils are preserved as carbonaceous films in a Burgess Shale type preservational fashion.^[2] Anhuiphyton lineatum is one example of a fossil located in the site.

Age

Originally presumed to be Cambrian in age,^[2] the formation is now correlated with the Doushantuo formation, with an overlying formation also falling in the Ediacaran period.^[4]

The Lantian biota has a maximum Re-Os age of 602 ± 7 million years ago.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Yang, Chuan; Li, Yang; Selby, David; Wan, Bin; Guan, Chengguo; Zhou, Chuanming; Li, Xian-Hua (2022). "Implications for Ediacaran biological evolution from the ca. 602 Ma Lantian biota in China". Geology. 50 (5): 562–566. doi:10.1130/G49734.1. S2CID 246788576.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Narbonne, G. M. (2011). "Evolutionary biology: when life got big". Nature. 470 (7334): 339–40. Bibcode:2011Natur.470..339N. doi:10.1038/470339a. PMID 21331031. S2CID 205062340.
^ Wan, Bin; Yuan, Xunlai; Chen, Zhe; Guan, Chengguo; Pang, Ke; Tang, Qing; Xiao, Shuhai; McIlroy, Duncan (2016). "Systematic description of putative animal fossils from the early Ediacaran Lantian Formation of South China". Palaeontology. 59 (4): 515–532. doi:10.1111/pala.12242. ISSN 0031-0239.
^ ^a ^b Yuan, X.; Chen, Z.; Xiao, S.; Zhou, C.; Hua, H. (2011). "An early Ediacaran assemblage of macroscopic and morphologically differentiated eukaryotes". Nature. 470 (7334): 390–3. Bibcode:2011Natur.470..390Y. doi:10.1038/nature09810. PMID 21331041. S2CID 205224028.
^ supplementary figure 4 of doi:10.1038/nature09810

[age-1] Yang, Chuan; Li, Yang; Selby, David; Wan, Bin; Guan, Chengguo; Zhou, Chuanming; Li, Xian-Hua (2022). "Implications for Ediacaran biological evolution from the ca. 602 Ma Lantian biota in China". Geology. 50 (5): 562–566. doi:10.1130/G49734.1. S2CID 246788576.

[Narbonne2011-2] Narbonne, G. M. (2011). "Evolutionary biology: when life got big". Nature. 470 (7334): 339–40. Bibcode:2011Natur.470..339N. doi:10.1038/470339a. PMID 21331031. S2CID 205062340.

[WanYuan2016-3] Wan, Bin; Yuan, Xunlai; Chen, Zhe; Guan, Chengguo; Pang, Ke; Tang, Qing; Xiao, Shuhai; McIlroy, Duncan (2016). "Systematic description of putative animal fossils from the early Ediacaran Lantian Formation of South China". Palaeontology. 59 (4): 515–532. doi:10.1111/pala.12242. ISSN 0031-0239.

[Yuan2011-4] Yuan, X.; Chen, Z.; Xiao, S.; Zhou, C.; Hua, H. (2011). "An early Ediacaran assemblage of macroscopic and morphologically differentiated eukaryotes". Nature. 470 (7334): 390–3. Bibcode:2011Natur.470..390Y. doi:10.1038/nature09810. PMID 21331041. S2CID 205224028.

[5] supplementary figure 4 of doi:10.1038/nature09810

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