Florida v. Royer

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Florida v. Royer
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued October 12, 1982 Decided March 23, 1983
Full case name	Florida v. Royer
Citations	460 U.S. 491 (more) 103 S. Ct. 1319; 75 L. Ed. 2d 229; 1983 U.S. LEXIS 151
Holding
While it is legal for authorities to target and approach a person based on their behavior, absent more, they cannot detain or search such individual without a warrant or probable cause.
Court membership
Chief Justice Warren E. Burger Associate Justices William J. Brennan Jr. · Byron White Thurgood Marshall · Harry Blackmun Lewis F. Powell Jr. · William Rehnquist John P. Stevens · Sandra Day O'Connor
Case opinions
Plurality	White, joined by Marshall, Powell, Stevens
Concurrence	Brennan
Concurrence	Powell
Dissent	Blackmun
Dissent	Rehnquist, joined by Burger, O'Connor
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amend. IV

Florida v. Royer, 460 U.S. 491 (1983), was a U.S. Supreme Court case dealing with issues involving the Fourth Amendment. Specifically, the case establishes a firm line in cases where police conduct search and seizure without a warrant. The court ruled that, while it is legal for authorities to target and approach a person based on their behavior, absent more, they cannot detain or search such individual without a warrant.

In January 1978, two undercover officers approached the plaintiff, Mr. Royer, at the Miami International Airport because he fit a drug courier profile: He was a casually dressed, nervous young man carrying heavy luggage. Also, he paid cash for his ticket and filled out his baggage tag only with a name and destination.

The officers identified themselves and asked if he would speak with them. He consented and, at their request, produced his airline ticket and his driver's license. He became visibly nervous when the officers noted that the ticket and driver's license bore different names, and then they told him they suspected him of transporting narcotics.

The Supreme Court held that, alt

| case=Florida v. Royer, 460 U.S. 491 (1983)
| cornell =
| courtlistener =https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/110890/florida-v-royer/
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| justia=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/460/491/
| oyez =https://www.oyez.org/cases/1982/80-2146
| loc =http://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep460/usrep460491/usrep460491.pdf
| googlescholar = https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14806767433216666666

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