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{{short description|British political pressure group}}
⚫
The '''Conservative Democratic Alliance''' (CDA) is a [[United Kingdom]] [[pressure group]]. The CDA refers to itself as the ''"authentic voice of conservatism"''.<ref>[http://conservativedemocrats.20m.com/custom2.html CDA homepage]</ref>
{{Distinguish|Conservative Democratic Organisation}}
{{Conservatism UK|Organisations}}
⚫
The '''Conservative Democratic Alliance''' (CDA) a [[ ]] [[ ]]. The CDA to itself as the "authentic voice of conservatism".<ref>http://conservativedemocrats.20m.com/custom2.html </ref>


==Foundation and organisation==
==Foundation and organisation==
The CDA was formed mostly by disaffected members of the [[Conservative Monday Club]], another [[pressure group]], who disagreed with the club's response to the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party's]] severing of links with the Club in 2001. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' described the CDA as ''"a hardline offshoot of the Monday Club"''.<ref>[[The Daily Telegraph]], [[24 August]] [[2004]]</ref>
The CDA was formed mostly by disaffected members of the [[Conservative Monday Club]], another [[pressure group]], who disagreed with the club's response to the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party's]] severing of links with the in 2001. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' described the CDA as "a hardline offshoot of the Monday Club".<ref>[[The Daily Telegraph]], 24 August 2004</ref>


The group has been described as ''"[[ultra-right]]"'' by opponents.<ref>[http://politics.guardian.co.uk/farright/story/0,11375,717815,00.html ''The Guardian''] - Tory leader expels far-right alliance chairman</ref><ref>[http://www.cre.gov.uk/publs/connections/04su_nightmare.html The Commission for Racial Equality]</ref>
The group described as "[[ultra-right]]" by .<ref>http://...uk///.html - /http://www.cre.gov.uk/publs/connections/04su_nightmare.html </ref>


The group's Chairman is [[Michael Keith Smith|Mike Smith]], who has been a member of the [[Conservative Monday Club]] since the early 1970s,<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20011111/ai_n14541562 IDS and Le Fascist], Sunday Mirror, [[11 November]] [[2001]]</ref> and served on its Executive Council, 1986 - 1993.
The group's [[Michael Keith SmithMike Smith, who been a member of the Conservative Monday Club since the early 1970s,<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20011111/ai_n14541562 IDS and Le Fascist], Sunday Mirror, 11 November 2001</ref> and served on its Executive Council, .


Original members of the CDA's steering committee included:
In some ways Smith is an unusual figure for this role. Formerly associated with the "Libertarian" wing of the Tories he has admitted to experimenting with "soft" drugs in his youth. He also claims African-American family connections and has recently championed a "Barry Goldwater" approach to gay rights.
* Sam Swerling, a Conservative Party [[parliamentary candidate]] twice in 1974<ref>[[Stalybridge and Hyde (UK Parliament constituency)]]</ref><ref>[[Nottingham East (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1970s]]</ref> and councillor (1978–82) on [[Westminster City Council]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/wcc/members.html|title=Members of Westminster City Council|website=www.election.demon.co.uk|access-date=2014-01-15|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114136/http://www.election.demon.co.uk/wcc/members.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Stuart Millson, an independent councillor for East Malling and Larkfield Parish Council,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.btconnect.com/Larkfield_Parish/Counc08.html|title=Councillors at East Malling & Larkfield 2011|website=home.btconnect.com}}</ref> and founder, with [[Jonathan Bowden]], of the short-lived [[Revolutionary Conservative Caucus]].<ref>{{cite journal |year=1993 |journal=The Revolutionary Conservative |issue=2 |page=16}}</ref>
More resently, as a "[[Born Again Christian]]", on the Liberal wing of the [[Anglican]] Church he has moved the CDA closer to the centre ground, warmly endorsingly party leader [[David Cameron]]'s "Agenda for Change"
* Gregory Lauder-Frost, former Political Secretary, and Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman, of the Monday Club.

Original members of the CDA's steering committee included [[Sam Swerling]], a former Monday Club chairman (1980-1982), founder of the Monday Club's Philosophy Group, member of the [[Campaign for an Independent Britain]], former Conservative Party [[parliamentary candidate]] and councillor on [[Westminster City Council]], and Stuart Millson, a former editor of Kent Writers and founder of the short-lived [[Revolutionary Conservative Caucus]] in 1992, and Gregory Lauder-Frost.

Millson and Lauder-Frost are both former members of the Conservative Party, the Monday Club and its Executive, as well as the [[Western Goals Institute]], and both are now also members of the council of the Traditional Britain Group.<ref>''Searchlight'' magazine, London, January 2006, p.23</ref>


==Politics==
==Politics==
⚫
On 27 June 2002, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' carried a letter from the CDA, signed by Mike Smith, attacking the Conservative Party and its [[Francis Maude]] for "the sleaze, double-dealing, arrogance, incompetence, Europhilia, indifference and drift with which the party is still associated. "Voters", he , "deserve a real alternative to Blairism and his 'straight kinda guy' chicanery. Mr. Maude and his C-Changing Tories are incapable of providing it."


⚫
The CDA often [[free-market economics]] and [[Americanisation]] in the United Kingdom, both of which it to be after-effects of [[Thatcherism]]. may be seen as distinguishing it from Conservative Party leadership, which CDA members often as [[neoconservative]]. The CDA also fervently opposed to the [[European Union]].
⚫
On [[27 June]] [[2002]], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' carried a letter from the CDA, signed by Mike Smith, attacking the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] and its Chairman [[Francis Maude]] for "the sleaze, double-dealing, arrogance, incompetence, Europhilia, indifference and drift with which the party is still associated. "Voters", he said, "deserve a real alternative to Blairism and his 'straight kinda guy' chicanery. Mr. Maude and his C-Changing Tories are incapable of providing it."

⚫
The CDA often criticises [[free-market economics]] and [[Americanisation]] in the United Kingdom, both of which it perceives to be after-effects of [[Thatcherism]]. This may be seen as distinguishing it from the modern Conservative Party leadership, which CDA members often criticise as [[neoconservative]] ([[Michael Gove]] is often singled out for criticism on this front){{Fact|date=February 2007}}. The CDA is also fervently opposed to the [[European Union]].


==Activities==
==Activities==
The CDA held what was described as "a packed meeting of right-wingers"<ref name="auto"/> in a hotel at the Conservative Party conference in [[Bournemouth]] on 11 October 2002, chaired by Mike Smith, who accused Conservative Party Chief Whip [[David Maclean]] of gagging his party's MPs over the EU, declaring him "a disgrace to the party."<ref name="auto"/> The meeting was addressed by:
* [[Roger Knapman]], then leader of the [[UK Independence Party]];
* [[Ashley Mote]], then a UKIP [[Member of the European Parliament]] and author of ''Overcrowded Britain – Our Immigration Crisis Exposed'' (2004);
* [[John Gouriet]], a founder with [[Norris McWhirter]] of [[The Freedom Association]];
* [[Derek Turner (journalist)|Derek Turner]], editor of ''[[Right Now! (magazine)|Right Now!]]'' and the ''Quarterly Review'' magazines;
* Sam Swerling, a consultant solicitor, Law Lecturer and former Monday Club chairman, who described [[Theresa May]], MP, as "a third-rate operator";
* Adrian Davies, then chairman of the Freedom Party, a [[barrister-at-law]], who said "the ideal candidate for the Conservatives now was a black, one-legged lesbian."<ref name="auto"/>


⚫
On 6 October 2004, the Conservative Democratic Alliance held as a fringe event at the Conservative Party Conference in [[Bournemouth]].
The CDA fringe meeting at the Conservative Party conference in October 2002 was addressed by [[Roger Knapman]], leader of the [[United Kingdom Independence Party]]; [[Ashley Mote]], prominent UKIP [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]] and author of "Overcrowded Britain - Our Immigration Crisis Exposed" (2004); [[John Gouriet]], a founder with [[Norris McWhirter]] of the [[Freedom Association]] alongside [[Derek Turner]], editor of ''[[Right Now!]]'' magazine; and [[Adrian Davies]], chairman of the fledgling [[Freedom Party (UK)|Freedom Party]] a barrister and prominent critic of the [[British National Party]][[Link title]].


The CDA planned to field its own candidates against Conservative MPs with small majorities at the [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005 General Election]],<ref>''The Independent'', May 18, 2002.</ref> concentrating on [[Oliver Letwin]], the then [[Shadow Cabinet|Shadow]] [[Chancellor of the Exchequer|Treasury Spokesman]] and MP for [[West Dorset (UK Parliament constituency)|West Dorset]], whom they described as "simply not a Conservative at all".
⚫
On [[6 October]] [[2004]], the Conservative Democratic Alliance held a rally in tribute to [[Enoch Powell]] as a fringe event at the Conservative Party Conference in [[Bournemouth]].


The CDA planned to field its own candidates against Conservative MPs with small majorities at the [[United Kingdom general election, 2005|2005 General Election]]<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20020518/ai_n12624132 ''The Independent''] - Tory expelled over rival election plan</ref>, concentrating on [[Oliver Letwin]], the then [[Shadow Cabinet|Shadow]] [[Chancellor of the Exchequer|Treasury Spokesman]], and MP for [[West Dorset (UK Parliament constituency)|West Dorset]], whom they describe as "simply not a Conservative at all". No candidates actually stood for the CDA at the [[United Kingdom general election, 2005|2005 General Election]], and Letwin held his seat. However, CDA Chairman [[Michael Keith Smith]] stood as the [[United Kingdom Independence Party]] candidate for [[Portsmouth North (UK Parliament constituency)|Portsmouth North]]. Both unsuccessful Tory candidate [[Penny Mordaunt]] and political commentator Richard North blamed Smith's intervention for the Tories' failure to win back the seat.<ref>[http://www.brugesgroup.com/mediacentre/releases.live?article=7629 Election analysis: The effect of UKIP/Veritas], [[Richard North]], The [[Bruges Group]]</ref><ref>[http://www.ukip.org/ukip_news/gen12.php?t=1&id=2006 UKIP candidate wins £10,000 for internet libel]</ref>
the candidates stood for the CDA at the [[United Kingdom general election|2005 General Election]], and Letwin held his seat. However, CDA Chairman [[Michael Keith Smith]] stood as the candidate for [[Portsmouth North (UK Parliament constituency)|Portsmouth North]]. Tory candidate [[Penny Mordaunt]] and political commentator Richard North blamed Smith's intervention for the Tories' failure to win back the seat.<ref>http://www.brugesgroup.com/mediacentre/releases.live?article=7629 Election analysis: The effect of UKIP/Veritas Richard North The [[Bruges Group]]</ref><ref>http://www.ukip.org/ukip_news/gen12.php?t=1&id=2006UKIP candidate wins £10,000 for internet libel</ref>


The CDA's June 2005 Summer Dinner in [[Fleet Street]], London, was addressed by the 'metric martyr', Neil Herron, who is leading the campaign against the [[metrication in the UK|adoption of the metric system]] in the [[United Kingdom|UK]].
The CDA's June 2005 Summer Dinner in [[Fleet Street]], London, was addressed by the 'metric martyr', Neil Herron, who the campaign against the [[metrication in the |adoption of the metric system]] in the [[ ]]


The CDA produce a regular bulletin, and have a website with discussion forums<ref>[http://conservativedemocrats.20m.com/ Conservative Democratic Alliance]</ref>.
The CDA a regular bulletin, and a website with discussion forums<ref>http://conservativedemocrats.20m.com/ </ref>


==Controversies==
==Controversies==
An anti-Conservative Party advertisement for the CDA was published in ''[[Right Now!]]'', containing the statement that the CDA was "horrified by Tory frontbench spokesmen advocating gay lifestyles and New Labour ideas". [[Andrew Hunter (British politician)|Andrew Hunter]] MP withdrew his patronage from the magazine due to the appearance of the advert, saying that he was 'appalled' by the "antics" of the CDA and that he no longer wanted to be associated with the magazine "in any way"<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20020517/ai_n12617501 MP severs tie with far-right magazine], by Paul Waugh, The Independent, [[May 17]] [[2002]]</ref><ref>[http://www.gaylifeuk.com/news/viewnews.php?newsid=1021673054,62616, Gay Life Magazine article]</ref>.
An anti-Conservative Party advertisement for the CDA was published in ''[[Right Now!]]'', containing the statement that the CDA was "horrified by Tory frontbench spokesmen advocating gay lifestyles and New Labour ideas". [[Andrew Hunter (British politician)|Andrew Hunter]] MP withdrew his patronage from the magazine due to the appearance of the advert, saying that he was 'appalled' by the "antics" of the CDA and that he no longer wanted to be associated with the magazine "in any way"<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20020517/ai_n12617501 MP severs tie with far-right magazine], by Paul Waugh, The Independent, May 17 2002</ref><ref>[http://www.gaylifeuk.com/news/., Gay Life Magazine article]</ref>


Michael Keith Smith afterwards described the advertisement, penned by former CDA supporter Peter Gibbs, as "regrettably homophobic". Smith branded the incident "an untoward event".
Michael Keith Smith described the advertisement, by former CDA supporter Peter Gibbs, as "regrettably homophobic". Smith branded the incident "an untoward event".


In 2002, [[Iain Duncan Smith]] expelled CDA Chairman [[Michael Keith Smith]] from the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20020518/ai_n12624132 Tory expelled over rival election plan], by Marie Woolf, The Independent, [[May 18]] [[2002]]</ref> for threatening to stand candidates against Conservatives<ref>[http://politics.guardian.co.uk/farright/story/0,11375,717815,00.html Tory leader expels far right alliance chairman] by Nicholas Watt, The Guardian, Saturday [[May 18]] [[2002]]</ref>.
In 2002, [[Iain Duncan Smith]] expelled CDA Chairman Smith from the Conservative Party<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20020518/ai_n12624132 Tory expelled over rival election plan], by Marie Woolf, The Independent, May 18 2002</ref> for threatening to stand candidates against Conservatives<ref>[http://politics.guardian.co.uk/farright/story/0,11375,717815,00.html Tory leader expels far right alliance chairman] by Nicholas Watt, The Guardian, Saturday May 18] [[]]</ref>.


During 2008 Mike Smith rapidly changed his stance and announced on the CDA's forum that he had rejoined the Conservative Party: "After wide-ranging initial doubts, Mike Smith has now enthusiastically accepted [[David Cameron]]'s reform agenda and returned to the Conservative Party from UKIP." As a result, the CDA Committee met in September 2008 and agreed that it would be best if the CDA were wound up. In December, Mike Smith announced on the CDA forums that the CDA would be disbanding as he himself had now come to support the Tories again and wanted to campaign for them in the run-up to the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|next UK general election]]. He circulated a letter to all members and supporters saying that the CDA would be effectively replaced by the [[Traditional Britain Group]] and urging their support.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.traditionalbritain.org/|title=Traditional Britain Group|first=Traditional Britain|last=Group|website=www.traditionalbritain.org}}</ref>
Smith sued the Conservative Party on his expulsion and the party was obliged to re-admit him to membership. <ref>[http://www.searchlightmagazine.com/index.php?link=template&story=21 Looking down on Armageddon], [[Searchlight Magazine]]</ref>


Michael Keith Smith committed suicide at [[Portchester]], [[Borough of Fareham|Fareham]] in Hampshire, on 3 July 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/newshome/Tributes-paid-to-political-figure.6404791.jp|title=Tributes paid to political figure discovered dead|website=www.portsmouth.co.uk|access-date=2010-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710120634/http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/newshome/Tributes-paid-to-political-figure.6404791.jp|archive-date=2010-07-10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/news/crime/politician-killed-himself-straight-after-release-from-psychiatric-unit-1-2565545 Politician killed himself straight after release from psychiatric unit], [[The News (Portsmouth)]], 5 April 2011</ref>
Smith later left the Conservative Party, and stood as a parliamentary candidate for the [[United Kingdom Independence Party]] in [[Portsmouth North]] where the Labour victory was claimed by the Conservative candidate to be a result of the UKIP candidacy<ref>[http://www.ukip.org/ukip_news/gen12.php?t=1&id=2006 UKIP candidate wins £10,000 for internet libel]</ref>, a claim also made by Richard North of the [[Bruges Group]].<ref>[http://www.brugesgroup.com/mediacentre/releases.live?article=7629 Election analysis: The effect of UKIP/Veritas], [[Richard North]], The [[Bruges Group]]</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references/>

==External links==

*[http://cdall.net/index.php New CDA Website]



[[Category:Political pressure groups of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Political groups the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Conservative political pressure groups of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Conservative political groups the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Euroscepticism]]
[[Category:Euroscepticism]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Organisations that oppose LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom]]

Latest revision as of 22:34, 23 September 2024

Not to be confused with Conservative Democratic Organisation.
This article is part of a series on
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The Conservative Democratic Alliance (CDA) was a political pressure group from the United Kingdom. The CDA referred to itself as the "authentic voice of conservatism".[1] It closed in December 2008.

Foundation and organisation

[edit]

The CDA was formed mostly by disaffected members of the Conservative Monday Club, another right-wing pressure group, who disagreed with the club's response to the Conservative Party's severing of links with the club in 2001.[2] The Daily Telegraph described the CDA as "a hardline offshoot of the Monday Club".[3]

The group was described as "ultra-right" by the Commission for Racial Equality.[4]

The group's chairman was Michael Keith Smith, commonly known as Mike Smith, who had been a member of the Conservative Monday Club since the early 1970s,[5] and served on its Executive Council, 1986–1993.

Original members of the CDA's steering committee included:

Politics

[edit]

On 27 June 2002, The Daily Telegraph carried a letter from the CDA, signed by Mike Smith, attacking the Conservative Party and its chairman Francis Maude for "the sleaze, double-dealing, arrogance, incompetence, Europhilia, indifference and drift with which the party is still associated. "Voters", he wrote, "deserve a real alternative to Blairism and his 'straight kinda guy' chicanery. Mr. Maude and his C-Changing Tories are incapable of providing it." ("C-Change" was a now-defunct Tory modernising pressure group headed by Maude.)

The CDA often criticised free-market economics and Americanisation in the United Kingdom, both of which it perceived to be after-effects of Thatcherism. That may be seen as distinguishing it from Iain Duncan Smith's Conservative Party leadership, which CDA members often criticised as neoconservative. The CDA was also fervently opposed to the European Union and to close links with the George W. Bush administration.

Activities

[edit]

The CDA held what was described as "a packed meeting of right-wingers"[2] in a hotel at the Conservative Party conference in Bournemouth on 11 October 2002, chaired by Mike Smith, who accused Conservative Party Chief Whip David Maclean of gagging his party's MPs over the EU, declaring him "a disgrace to the party."[2] The meeting was addressed by:

On 6 October 2004, the Conservative Democratic Alliance held another meeting as a fringe event at the Conservative Party Conference, again in Bournemouth, in tribute to Enoch Powell.

The CDA planned to field its own candidates against Conservative MPs with small majorities at the 2005 General Election,[11] concentrating on Oliver Letwin, the then Shadow Treasury Spokesman and MP for West Dorset, whom they described as "simply not a Conservative at all".

In the event no candidates stood for the CDA at the 2005 General Election, and Letwin held his seat. However, CDA Chairman Michael Keith Smith stood as the UKIP candidate for Portsmouth North. Unsuccessful Tory candidate Penny Mordaunt and political commentator Richard North blamed Smith's intervention for the Tories' failure to win back the seat.[12][13]

The CDA's June 2005 Summer Dinner in Fleet Street, London, was addressed by the 'metric martyr', Neil Herron, who led the campaign against the adoption of the metric system in the UK. The previous year Herron had stood as an independent candidate in European Elections for North East England, gaining almost 40,000 votes, over 5.1%.[14]

The CDA produced a regular bulletin, and maintained a website with discussion forums (now defunct).[15]

Controversies

[edit]

An anti-Conservative Party advertisement for the CDA was published in Right Now!, containing the statement that the CDA was "horrified by Tory frontbench spokesmen advocating gay lifestyles and New Labour ideas". Andrew Hunter MP withdrew his patronage from the magazine due to the appearance of the advert, saying that he was 'appalled' by the "antics" of the CDA and that he no longer wanted to be associated with the magazine "in any way".[16][17]

Michael Keith Smith later described the advertisement, written by former CDA supporter Peter Gibbs, as "regrettably homophobic". Smith branded the incident "an untoward event" and promised that CDA will take a more "forward-looking and inclusive role in future".

In 2002, Iain Duncan Smith expelled CDA Chairman Mike Smith from the Conservative Party[18] for threatening to stand candidates against Conservatives.[19] Mike Smith issued a writ claiming Breach of Natural Justice and the party was obliged to re-admit him to membership.[20] Soon afterwards, Smith resigned from the Conservative Party, and stood in the May 2005 general election as the UKIP parliamentary candidate for Portsmouth North, where the Labour victory was claimed by the Conservative candidate to be a result of the UKIP candidacy,[13] a claim also made by Richard North of the Bruges Group.[12]

During 2008 Mike Smith rapidly changed his stance and announced on the CDA's forum that he had rejoined the Conservative Party: "After wide-ranging initial doubts, Mike Smith has now enthusiastically accepted David Cameron's reform agenda and returned to the Conservative Party from UKIP." As a result, the CDA Committee met in September 2008 and agreed that it would be best if the CDA were wound up. In December, Mike Smith announced on the CDA forums that the CDA would be disbanding as he himself had now come to support the Tories again and wanted to campaign for them in the run-up to the next UK general election. He circulated a letter to all members and supporters saying that the CDA would be effectively replaced by the Traditional Britain Group and urging their support.[21]

Michael Keith Smith committed suicide at Portchester, Fareham in Hampshire, on 3 July 2010.[22][23]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "HOME PAGE". conservativedemocrats.20m.com.
  2. ^ a b c d Daily Mirror, October 10, 2002, p. 10.
  3. ^ The Daily Telegraph, 24 August 2004
  4. ^ "Election dreams - or nightmare? (Connections, Summer 2004)". 28 December 2005. Archived from the original on 28 December 2005.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  5. ^ IDS and Le Fascist, Sunday Mirror, 11 November 2001
  6. ^ Stalybridge and Hyde (UK Parliament constituency)
  7. ^ Nottingham East (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1970s
  8. ^ "Members of Westminster City Council". www.election.demon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  9. ^ "Councillors at East Malling & Larkfield 2011". home.btconnect.com.
  10. ^ The Revolutionary Conservative (2): 16. 1993. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ^ The Independent, May 18, 2002.
  12. ^ a b North, Richard. "Election analysis: The effect of UKIP/Veritas". The Bruges Group. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27.
  13. ^ a b "UKIP candidate wins £10,000 for internet libel". Archived from the original on October 13, 2006.
  14. ^ North East England (European Parliament constituency)#cite note-10
  15. ^ "CONTACTS PAGE". conservativedemocrats.20m.com.
  16. ^ MP severs tie with far-right magazine[permanent dead link‍], by Paul Waugh, The Independent, May 17, 2002
  17. ^ Gay Life Magazine article Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Tory expelled over rival election plan, by Marie Woolf, The Independent, May 18, 2002
  19. ^ Tory leader expels far right alliance chairman by Nicholas Watt, The Guardian, Saturday May 18, 2002
  20. ^ Looking down on Armageddon, Searchlight Magazine
  21. ^ Group, Traditional Britain. "Traditional Britain Group". www.traditionalbritain.org. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  22. ^ "Tributes paid to political figure discovered dead". www.portsmouth.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-07-10. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  23. ^ Politician killed himself straight after release from psychiatric unit, The News (Portsmouth), 5 April 2011
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