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{{short description|Light cruiser of the United States Navy}}
{{other ships|USS Vincennes}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:USS Vincennes (CL-64) underway in San Francisco Bay on 29 August 1945 (NH 98189).jpg|300px|USS ''Vincennes'' (CL-64)]]
|Ship caption= USS ''Vincennes'' (CL-64) August 1945
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country= United States
|Ship flag= {{USN flag|1946}}
|Ship name= ''Vincennes''
|Ship namesake=City of [[Vincennes, Indiana]]
|Ship builder= [[Fore River Shipyard]]
|Ship laid down= 7 March 1942
|Ship launched= 17 July 1943
|Ship commissioned= 21 January 1944
|Ship decommissioned= 10 September 1946
|Ship struck= 1 April 1966
|Ship fate= Sunk as target 28 October 1969
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Ship class={{sclass|Cleveland|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]]
|Ship displacement=
*[[Standard displacement|Standard]]: {{convert|11744|LT|t|lk=on}}
*[[Full load]]: {{convert|14131|LT|t}}
|Ship length={{convert|610|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|66|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|24|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=
*4 × [[Babcock & Wilcox boiler]]s 
*{{cvt|100000|shp|kW|lk=in}}
|Ship propulsion=
*4 × [[steam turbines]]
*4 × [[Propeller|screw propellers]]
|Ship speed={{convert|32.5|kn|lk=in}} 
|Ship range={{cvt|11000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{cvt|15|kn}}
|Ship complement=1,285 officers and enlisted
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=
* 12 × [[6"/47 caliber Mark 16 gun|{{cvt|6|in|0}} Mark 16 guns]]
* 12 × [[5"/38 caliber gun|{{cvt|5|in|0}}/38 caliber]] guns
* 24 × [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|{{cvt|40|mm}} Bofors]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft guns]]
* 21 × [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|{{cvt|20|mm}} Oerlikon]] anti-aircraft guns
|Ship armor=
*[[Armor belt|Belt]]: {{cvt|3.5|-|5|in}}
*[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{cvt|2|in}}
*[[Barbette]]s: {{cvt|6|in|0}}
*[[Gun turret|Turret]]s: {{cvt|6|in|0}}
*[[Conning tower|Conning Tower]]: {{cvt|5|in|0}}
|Ship aircraft=4 × [[floatplane]]s
|Ship aircraft facilities=2 × [[stern]] [[Aircraft catapult|catapults]] 
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''USS ''Vincennes''''' was a {{sclass|Cleveland|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]] of the [[United States Navy]], which were built during [[World War II]]. The [[ship class|class]] was designed as a development of the earlier {{sclass|Brooklyn|cruiser|1}}s, the size of which had been limited by the [[First London Naval Treaty]]. The start of the war led to the dissolution of the treaty system, but the dramatic need for new vessels precluded a new design, so the ''Cleveland''s used the same [[hull (watercraft)|hull]] as their predecessors, but were significantly heavier. The ''Cleveland''s carried a [[main battery]] of twelve [[6"/47 caliber gun|{{convert|6|in|adj=on|0}} guns]] in four three-gun [[gun turret|turrets]], along with a [[secondary armament]] of twelve [[5"/38 caliber gun|{{cvt|5|in|0}}]] [[dual-purpose gun]]s. They had a top speed of {{convert|32.5|kn|lk=in}}.

==Design==
{{main|Cleveland-class cruiser}}
[[File:80-G-165992 Cleveland class camouflage measure 33.jpg|thumb|left|Depiction of the ''Cleveland'' class, showing the plan and profile]]

The ''Cleveland''-class [[light cruiser]]s traced their origin to design work done in the late 1930s; at the time, light cruiser [[displacement (ship)|displacement]] was limited to {{cvt|8000|LT|lk=in}} by the [[Second London Naval Treaty]]. Following the start of [[World War II]] in September 1939, Britain announced it would suspend the treaty for the duration of the conflict, a decision the [[US Navy]] quickly followed. Though still neutral, the United States recognized that war was likely and the urgent need for additional ships ruled out an entirely new design, so the ''Cleveland''s were a close development of the earlier {{sclass|Brooklyn|cruiser|1}}s, the chief difference being the substitution of a two-gun {{cvt|5|in|0}} [[dual-purpose gun]] mount for one of the [[main battery]] {{cvt|6|in|0}} [[gun turret]]s.{{sfn|Friedman 1984|pp=245–247}}

''Vincennes'' was {{convert|610|ft|1|in|0}} [[length overall|long overall]] and had a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|66|ft|4|in|abbr=on}} and a [[draft (nautical)|draft]] of {{convert|24|ft|6|in|abbr=on}}. Her [[standard displacement]] amounted to {{convert|11744|LT|t|abbr=on|0}} and increased to {{convert|14131|LT|t|abbr=on}} at [[Full-load displacement|full load]]. The ship was powered by four General Electric [[steam turbines]], each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four oil-fired [[Babcock & Wilcox boiler]]s. Rated at {{convert|100000|shp|lk=on}}, the turbines were intended to give a top speed of {{convert|32.5|kn|lk=in}}. Her crew numbered 1285&nbsp;officers and enlisted men.{{sfn|Friedman 1980|p=119}}

The ship was armed with a main battery of twelve [[6"/47 caliber gun|6 in /47-caliber Mark 16 guns]]{{efn|/47 refers to the length of the gun in terms of [[Caliber (artillery)|calibers]]. A /47 gun is 47 times long as it is in bore diameter.}} in four 3-gun turrets on the centerline. Two were placed forward in a [[superfire|superfiring pair]]; the other two turrets were placed aft of the [[superstructure]] in another superfiring pair. The secondary battery consisted of twelve [[5"/38 caliber gun|{{cvt|5|in|0}} /38-caliber]] dual-purpose guns mounted in twin turrets. Two of these were placed on the centerline, one directly behind the forward main turrets and the other just forward of the aft turrets. Two more were placed abreast of the [[conning tower]] and the other pair on either side of the aft superstructure. Anti-aircraft defense consisted of twenty-four [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|Bofors {{cvt|40|mm}} guns]] in four quadruple and four double mounts and twenty-one [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|Oerlikon {{cvt|20|mm}} guns]] in single mounts.{{sfn|Friedman 1980|p=119}}

The ship's [[belt armor]] ranged in thickness from {{cvt|3.5|to|5|in}}, with the thicker section [[amidships]] where it protected the ammunition magazines and propulsion machinery spaces. Her deck armor was {{cvt|2|in}} thick. The main battery turrets were protected with {{cvt|6.5|in}} faces and {{cvt|3|in}} sides and tops, and they were supported by [[barbette]]s 6&nbsp;inches thick. ''Vincennes''{{'}}s conning tower had 5-inch sides.{{sfn|Friedman 1980|p=119}}

==Construction and commissioning==
She was originally laid down as ''Flint'' (CL-64) on 7 March 1942 at [[Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation]]'s [[Fore River Shipyard]] in [[Quincy, Massachusetts]]. While the ship was under construction, however, the [[Battle of Savo Island]] occurred in August 1942, during which engagement the heavy cruiser [[USS Vincennes (CA-44)|''Vincennes'' (CA-44)]] had been sunk. In order to perpetuate the name, ''Flint'' was renamed ''Vincennes'' on 16 October 1942. Launched on 17 July 1943, ''Vincennes'' was sponsored by Mrs. Arthur A. Osborn, the former Miss Harriet V. Kimmell, who had sponsored the first cruiser of the name.<ref name="DANFS">{{cite web | url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/v/vincennes-iii.html | title=Vincennes | publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command | date=8 June 2015 |access-date=8 December 2015}}</ref>

Commissioned on 21 January 1944, Capt. Arthur D. Brown in command, ''Vincennes'' fitted-out at her builders' yard into late February, undergoing her [[sea trials]] soon thereafter. From 25 February to the last day of March, ''Vincennes'' sailed to the [[British West Indies]] and back on her [[shakedown cruise]]. With brief stopovers in the [[Chesapeake Bay]] region, the new light cruiser [[Shakedown cruise|"shook down"]] principally in the [[Gulf of Paria]], near [[Trinidad]].<ref name="DANFS" />

==Service==

===Post-shakedown and training===
After post-shakedown repairs and alterations, ''Vincennes'' became the flagship for Commander, Cruiser Division (CruDiv) 14, Rear Admiral [[Wilder D. Baker]], who embarked in the light cruiser on 14 April with members of his staff. Other ships in the division included {{USS|Miami|CL-89|2}} and {{USS|Houston|CL-81|2}} — the latter perpetuating, like ''Vincennes'', the name of a man-of-war lost earlier in action with Japanese surface units.<ref name="DANFS" />

Departing [[Boston]] on 16 April, ''Vincennes'' subsequently transited the [[Panama Canal]] and ultimately reached [[Pearl Harbor]], Territory of Hawaii, on 6 May. For the next week, the ship engaged in intensive training in the Hawaiian operating area. During one of the ship's in-port periods that interspersed the at-sea training evolutions, Admiral [[Chester W. Nimitz]] came on board ''Vincennes'' and presented her embarked flag officer with a [[Navy Cross (United States)|Navy Cross]] — won for directing bombardment operations in the Aleutians.<ref name="DANFS" />

With the shakedown and training phases of her career behind her, the sleek light cruiser put to sea on 24 May and left Pearl Harbor in her wake. After conducting exercises ''en route'', ''Vincennes'' reached [[Majuro]], in the [[Marshall Islands]], six days later. A week later, she left Majuro as part of the mighty armada known as Task Force 58 (TF&nbsp;58). At the helm of that powerful striking force, based around the fast carriers of the Fleet, was Vice Admiral [[Marc A. Mitscher]].<ref name="DANFS" />

===Mariana Islands, 1944===
Subsequently, ''Vincennes'' made her initial contact with the enemy. During the first strikes on the [[Bonins]], Japanese aircraft in retaliatory raids went after the TF&nbsp;58 flattops. ''Vincennes'', in the screen, downed a [[Mitsubishi G4M]] "Betty" bomber on 10 June. Her guns had drawn their first blood of the war. It would not be the last time.<ref name="DANFS" />

In the days that ensued, ''Vincennes'' supported the carriers as they launched aircraft to smash Japanese positions on [[Saipan]] and [[Pagan Island]]s on 12–13 June. On the 16th, she was part of the group that conducted the first air strikes on [[Iwo Jima]] — an isle later to be remembered by many sailors and marines. During the key [[Battle of the Philippine Sea]], ''Vincennes''{{'}} gunners performed their tasks well, aiding materially in the barrage of gunfire that broke up several of the enemy's nevertheless persistent attacks.<ref name="DANFS" />

On 23 June, Rear Admiral Baker shifted his flag to ''Vincennes''{{'}} sister ship ''Miami'', releasing the erstwhile flagship to proceed to [[Eniwetok]], in the Marshalls, for needed engineering repairs. Dropping anchor at Eniwetok on the 27th, ''Vincennes'' completed her repairs by the end of the month; she subsequently sailed to rejoin CruDiv&nbsp;14, and Rear Admiral Baker brought his flag to the ship again on 7 July.<ref name="DANFS" />

Departing Eniwetok on 14 July, ''Vincennes'' operated with TF&nbsp;58 in the vicinity of [[Guam]] while the planes from the fast carriers conducted strikes on Japanese positions there from 18–21 July. She took part in further fast carrier task group strikes on [[Tinian]], [[Rota (island)|Rota]], and Guam, through the 27th of the month. After continuing her support evolutions with the fast flattops, ''Vincennes'' headed for the [[Marianas]], dropping her hook at Saipan on the last day of July.<ref name="DANFS" />

Departing Saipan on 1 August, ''Vincennes'' resumed her operations with the carriers, making a high-speed run to the Bonins where planes from the carriers carried out air strikes on the 4th and 5th before retiring. The cruiser subsequently put into Eniwetok to replenish, anchoring there on the 11th, where Rear Admiral [[Francis E. M. Whiting]] relieved Admiral Baker eight days later, breaking his flag at ''Vincennes' '' main on that day.<ref name="DANFS" />

Assigned next to TF&nbsp;34, ''Vincennes'' departed Eniwetok at the end of August and conducted tactical and gunnery exercises until joining TG&nbsp;38.2 on 3 September. Early that month, the task group conducted strikes on Japanese positions in the [[Palau Islands]] on 6 September. The next day, 7 September, ''Vincennes'', as part of Task Unit 38.2.5 (TU&nbsp;38.2.5), under Rear Admiral Whiting, embarked on board, conducted the first shore bombardment on Japanese installations on the southernmost Palau cluster of [[Peleliu]], Ngesebus and [[Angaur]] islands, the ship's captain subsequently recording that the coverage of the areas shelled was "excellent".<ref name="DANFS" />

===Philippines, 1944===
The operations against the Palaus, however, turned out to be only a curtain-raiser for the show to come — the recapture of the [[Philippines]]. ''Vincennes'' left the Palau group astern on 8 September for the southern Philippines. American carrier planes hit targets on the island of [[Mindanao]] on 9–10 September; the cruiser then screened the fast carriers as they conducted air strikes in the central Philippine Archipelago, hitting [[Negros Island|Negros]], [[Leyte (island)|Leyte]], [[Cebu Island|Cebu]], and the [[Bohol]] Islands from 12–14 September. ''Vincennes'' then proceeded to the operating areas off [[Luzon]] where carrier air strikes were launched against Japanese sites ashore on 21–22 September. The slate of air operations resumed again within a few days, ''Vincennes'' screening the flattops as their planes struck Leyte, Cebu, and Negros.<ref name="DANFS" />

''Vincennes'' left the operating areas soon thereafter, however, to replenish in the Carolines, reaching [[Ulithi]] on 1 October. Her stay in port was interrupted, however, by the presence of a typhoon in the vicinity. The light cruiser sortied for typhoon-evasion purposes on the 3rd, returning to port two days later. Resuming and completing the replenishment chores at Ulithi, ''Vincennes'' subsequently weighed anchor on 6 October with TF&nbsp;38.<ref name="DANFS" />

''Vincennes'' operated off [[Okinawa Island|Okinawa]] in the ensuing days, reaching the waters off that isle on 10 October. Planes from the carriers in the task groups conducted the first air strikes in that area while the ships in the screen stood poised for retaliation from shore. Many enemy planes closed the carriers and their escorting battleships, cruisers, destroyers, and destroyer escorts — most to no avail. Friendly fighters on [[combat air patrol]] (CAP) duties overhead proved invaluable, knocking down many enemy aircraft that ventured too close. Included in the bag were a "Betty" and a [[Yokosuka P1Y]] "Frances". The enemy knew no set time to attack — ''Vincennes'' observed a "Betty" being shot down within sight of the ship during the task force's fueling-at-sea evolutions the next day.<ref name="DANFS" />

===Formosa, 1944===
''Vincennes'' and her sisters next shaped course for [[Taiwan|Formosa]], as the fast carriers shifted their operating area to prepare the way for the upcoming onslaught against the Japanese-occupied Philippine Islands. ''En route'' to Formosa, Japanese planes frequently showed themselves, but maddeningly stayed out of range — persistent and pugnacious snoopers that always managed to slip away untouched.<ref name="DANFS" />

On 12 October, the carriers began launching air strikes against Formosan sites; that afternoon, the task group gunners proved exceptional, downing a pair of "Betties" that ventured too close. ''Vincennes'' went to general quarters at 18:55 on that day and remained at battle stations almost continuously for the next two days. At 19:03, soon after the ship had manned her battle stations, ''Vincennes'' contributed to the flaming of two planes within 10 minutes — one at 19:03 and one at 19:10. The cruiser maintained a steady rate of fire throughout the air attack that continued intermittently until 20:45.<ref name="DANFS" />

The strikes ceased at that point, but the respite provided the Americans proved only temporary — the determined Japanese came back again. Flares dropped from "snoopers" illuminated the entire task group, bathing the ships in an eerie light. Antiaircraft fire crisscrossed the night; one enemy plane tumbled in flames from the sky; ''Vincennes'' splashed another off her starboard quarter at 23:40.<ref name="DANFS" />

The operations in the vicinity of Formosa proved dangerous, to say the least. The persistent Japanese attacks had taken their toll: the light cruiser ''Houston'' and the heavy cruiser {{USS|Canberra|CA-70|2}} had taken torpedoes and were badly damaged, limping out of the battle zone. To protect their flight, "Cripple Division One" was formed. Put together on 16 October, the force served its purpose; ''Vincennes'' participated in the withdrawal, screening her crippled sister-ship and division mate, and ''Canberra''.<ref name="DANFS" />

===Leyte Gulf===
''Vincennes'' then operated in the vicinity of [[Visayas]], in the Philippines, screening, as before, the fast carriers. Enemy snoopers closed the formation on several occasions; detected early on the 24th, a Japanese four-engined flying boat — a [[Kawanishi H8K]] "Emily" — went down in flames to the guns of friendly fighters.<ref name="DANFS" />

Meanwhile, the [[Battle for Leyte Gulf]] was shaping up. At 03:25 on the 24th, ''Vincennes'' received reports of the presence of an enemy force. Four battleships, eight heavy cruisers, and 13 destroyers had been detected {{convert|7|mi|nmi km|abbr=on}} south of Buruncan Point, Mindanao Island. Enemy planes commenced a determined air attack; all ships in Vincennes' group maneuvered radically to avoid possible torpedoes.<ref name="DANFS" />

At 02:30 on the 25th, two enemy task groups were reported about {{convert|85|mi|nmi km|abbr=on}} north of ''Vincennes''{{'}} formation. At 03:00, the light cruiser and her consorts headed north to engage; at 07:33, an intercepted report from a search plane told of many enemy surface ships about {{convert|120|mi|nmi km|abbr=on}} north and headed south at {{convert|20|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}. Aircraft from the fast carriers launched and took off on the hunt, conducting persistent strikes on the Japanese ships that resulted in heavy enemy losses.<ref name="DANFS" />

''Vincennes'' subsequently headed south toward the [[San Bernardino Strait]] in anticipation of making contact with the enemy ships, including stragglers, that were expected to transit the strait in retiring from the day's operations.<ref name="DANFS" />

At 00:26, ''Vincennes''{{'}} radar plot disclosed a surface contact at a distance of {{convert|21000|yd|m|abbr=on}}. ''Vincennes'',  {{USS|Biloxi|CL-80|2}} and Miami escorted by DesDiv 103, broke from the formation to attack. At 00:54, gun-flashes from ''Vincennes'' and her sisters' main battery split the night; both main and secondary batteries — 6 and 5-inch guns — in company with the 5-inch guns of the destroyers, hurled salvoes at the enemy vessel. The vessel — tentatively identified as a cruiser — sank beneath the waves at 01:49 as a result of the deluge of rapid shellfire.<ref name="DANFS" /> Their victim was actually the [[Japanese destroyer Nowaki (1940)|''Nowaki'']].

''Vincennes'' returned to former cruising grounds off Visayas on 28 October and off Luzon the following day. The ship experienced several determined air attacks on the 29th, but the CAP proved ready to accept the enemy's challenges, downing eight Japanese planes during the course of the raids.<ref name="DANFS" />

''Vincennes'' continued her vital screening duties on 5–6 November as carrier planes carried out strikes on Japanese positions and installations on Luzon. She then headed for the Carolines, reaching Ulithi on 9 November and dropping anchor. Replenishment completed, she stood out five days later to return to the combat zone in the Philippines.<ref name="DANFS" />

By the time she returned, air strikes against Japanese positions on Luzon were well underway; enemy resistance — now taking on a fiercer aspect with more widespread use of the ''kamikaze'', proved heavy once more, several persistent air attacks occurring on the ships with which ''Vincennes'' was operating. {{USS|Hancock|CV-19|2}}, {{USS|Intrepid|CV-11|2}} and {{USS|Cabot|CVL-28|2}} all took ''kamikazes''. ''Vincennes'' blasted a second kamikaze heading for ''Cabot''; others that managed to get by the [[Combat air patrol|CAP]] were taken under fire as well.<ref name="DANFS" />

Subsequently, ''Vincennes'' returned to Ulithi for further replenishment and conducted exercises en route back to the battle zones. ''Vincennes'' then operated in support of carrier air strikes on Luzon from 14–16 December; during that time, ''Vincennes''{{'}} senior aviator, Lt. Halbert K. Evans, led a rescue mission of cruiser-based floatplanes and performed such sterling service that he was later awarded the [[Air Medal]].<ref name="DANFS" />

Neptune's fury soon interrupted the unfolding pressure against the Japanese, however, when [[Typhoon Cobra (1944)|Typhoon Cobra]] swirled through the fleet on the 18th. The severe tropical storm generated gusts of wind up to {{convert|78|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}, whipping up mountainous seas. Fortunately for ''Vincennes'', she was able to weather the storm without serious damage. After the storm had subsided, all available ships searched for the survivors of the three destroyers, {{USS|Spence|DD-512|2}}, {{USS|Monaghan|DD-354|2}}, and {{USS|Hull|DD-350|2}}, which had tragically capsized in the typhoon.<ref name="DANFS" />

===Further operations off of Formosa, 1945===
After a Christmas respite at Ulithi from 24–30 December, ''Vincennes'' returned to the waters off Formosa, again screening the flattops. She subsequently entered the [[South China Sea]] in early January, encountering only two small enemy raids; night fighters ("friendlies") downed two enemy planes early on the morning of 10 January 1945.<ref name="DANFS" />

Assigned areas east of [[Cam Ranh Bay]], Indochina, the task group to which ''Vincennes'' was attached conducted air strikes on shipping in that vicinity before proceeding west of Formosa for further strikes on that already-pounded isle, as well as the coast of [[China]]. Enemy air resistance, as before, proved heavy.<ref name="DANFS" />

During subsequent attacks on Formosa, Japanese planes struck back. One pushed over into a steep dive shortly after noon on 21 January; as she screamed down at her target, ''Vincennes'' commenced firing at her. At 12:09, the determined ''kamikaze'' plunged into {{USS|Ticonderoga|CV-14|2}}. Fires soon broke out; the carrier began trailing a tell-tale plume of black smoke. She had been hit hard.<ref name="DANFS" />

While ships rushed to ''Ticonderoga''{{'}}s aid, the formation resumed a lookout for the determined Japanese. At 12:46, ''Vincennes'' fired on enemy aircraft in the vicinity; three minutes later, the light cruiser teamed with ''Miami'' to blast a ''kamikaze'' from the sky and into the sea. The barrage of anti-aircraft fire, however, could not stop a second suicider which plunged into ''Ticonderoga'' at 12:55.<ref name="DANFS" />

After supporting strikes against Japanese positions on Okinawa, ''Vincennes'' returned to Ultihi for replenishment, reaching that place of rest on 26 January. Leaving the Carolines in her wake subsequently, the light cruiser departed Ulithi on 10 February, joining TG&nbsp;58.1 that evening. During scheduled gunnery exercises, a radio control target drone crashed into the splinter shield of one of ''Vincennes''{{'}} 40&nbsp;mm mounts, bursting into flame. With utter disregard for their own safety, four sailors, Chief Boatswain's Mate Mack C. Miller, USN; Gunner's Mate 3d Class Carl C. Miller, USNR; Gunner's Mate 3d Class Buck E. Goebel, USNR; and Seaman 1st Class Paul G. Catarius, USNR, entered the mount and threw smoldering debris, as well as damaged and overheated ammunition over the side, thus preventing further damage. For their meritorious conduct, each man received commendation ribbons subsequently.<ref name="DANFS" />

===Operations off Japan & Okinawa, 1945===
Repairing the superficial damage in the wake of the drone accident, ''Vincennes'' continued with TG&nbsp;58.1 as it headed toward the Japanese home islands. Operating southeast of [[Honshū]], the fast carriers conducted strikes on the [[Tokyo]] area and the southern Bonin Islands. The first carrier strikes conducted by the fast carrier planes hit Tokyo on the 16th; strikes that continued the following day, stepping up the pace of the war and carrying it to the Empire's veritable doorstep.<ref name="DANFS" />

Over the days that ensued, carrier planes hit not only targets in Japan but on [[Chichi Jima]], hitting Japanese airfields. More strikes against Tokyo itself took place on 25 February.<ref name="DANFS" />

Four days later, the carriers launched their planes to hit Okinawa. On 1 March, ''Vincennes'', ''Miami'', {{USS|San Diego|CL-53|2}}, and DesRon&nbsp;61, with Rear Admiral Whiting in ''Vincennes'' as unit commander, sailed for Okino Daito Shima and shelled Japanese installations there starting large fires ashore. For directing the successful bombardment mission, Rear Admiral Whiting was awarded the [[Bronze Star Medal|Bronze Star]].<ref name="DANFS" />

The following fortnight for ''Vincennes'' was spent primarily in operational training and replenishment away from the forward operating areas. Complete release from combat tensions was not enjoyed, however, for ''kamikazes'' struck Ulithi on 11 March, one crashing into the new carrier {{USS|Randolph|CV-15|2}} only three miles distant, and another crashing ashore.<ref name="DANFS" />

Returning to the battle zone within a week's time, ''Vincennes'' steamed with TG&nbsp;58.1 as it headed for [[Kyūshū]]. After American carrier-based planes had hit Japanese installations on Kyūshū, determined enemy attacks on the formation kept ''Vincennes''{{'}} gunnery department busy on the 18th. A twin-engined bomber flew over the ship at 05:06 on that day, at an altitude of {{convert|300|ft|m|abbr=on}}. The ship's gunfire scored hits on that enemy aircraft, as well as another one that crashed into the sea {{convert|3000|yd|m|abbr=on}} astern, just 20 minutes later. At 06:01, ''Vincennes''{{'}} gunners scored again, splashing a Japanese plane close to {{USS|Wasp|CV-18|2}}.<ref name="DANFS" />

Firing at enemy aircraft continued at intervals throughout the balance of 18–19 March, with ''Vincennes'' contributing an outstanding performance; her antiaircraft fire control officer, 1st Lieutenant Henry M. Lamberton, USMCR, received a Bronze Star for his direction of that battery.<ref name="DANFS" />

''Vincennes'' operated east of Okinawa from 23–25 March, while carriers in TG&nbsp;58.1 sent off their planes to conduct air strikes against the Japanese on Okinawa. Two days later, the ship resumed operations east and southeast of the island earmarked for invasion and continued such operations through 5 April. On 31 March, two of ''Vincennes''{{'}} floatplanes cooperated in rescuing a downed fighter pilot in spite of heavy enemy fire; Lt. Evans, commended earlier, received the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]], while Lt. (jg.) George A. Greenwood, USNR, and the two rear-seat men all received Air Medals.

On 1 April, the day of the initial assault on Okinawa, enemy air attacks came thick and fast. Ships of TG&nbsp;58.1 smashed 12 enemy planes into the sea; ''Vincennes'' drew three assists in the action. At 13:21, the ship experienced her narrowest escape in the war; an enemy aircraft, hit by the ship's gunfire, crashed only {{convert|50|ft|m|abbr=on}} astern.<ref name="DANFS" />

Subsequently, ''Vincennes'' operated in various groups of TF&nbsp;58 off Okinawa, supporting the fast carriers as they hit Okinawa and Kyūshū. Frequent and persistent air attacks characterized the three weeks commencing on 7 April, while the invasion of Okinawa proceeded apace. CAP fighters shot down many of the attackers, but sometimes the attacks came in such force that ships in the formation would have to lay down barrages of antiaircraft fire to greet the enemy aircraft that had fought their way through the friendly fighters.<ref name="DANFS" />

After another replenishment period at Ulithi, ''Vincennes'' rejoined the forces off Okinawa, remaining with TG&nbsp;58.1. The light cruiser performed screening duties for the fast carriers as they hit Kyūshū before being ordered to report for duty with the shore bombardment forces off Okinawa on 17 May. In company with sister-ship {{USS|Vicksburg|CL-86|2}}, ''Vincennes'' complied and, for 27 of the next 30 days, shelled Japanese targets ashore, both day and night.<ref name="DANFS" />

''Vincennes''{{'}} 6&nbsp;in guns fired 5,836 rounds; her {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}} batteries contributed another 10,583 rounds to the shellings. Air spotters and shore fire control spotters recorded the effectiveness of the ship's fire in their subsequent reports: she destroyed a large "disappearing coastal gun" and concentrations of troops; direct hits were scored on mortar positions; destroyed nine gun emplacements; destroyed an ammunition dump with a direct hit; destroyed coastal batteries; and closed off the entrances to at least five caves. Her airmen proved a busy lot, Lt. Evans earning a gold star in lieu of his second DFC and Lt. (jg.) Greenwood earning a DFC; each man flew 10 spotting missions.<ref name="DANFS" />

===End of the war & post-war===
''Vincennes'' fired her final salvoes on 16 June and then headed for the United States for a much-needed overhaul. Sailing via Pearl Harbor, Vincennes reached [[Mare Island Navy Yard]] on 8 July and remained there until the availability was completed in late August.<ref name="DANFS" />

[[File:USS Vincennes (CL-64) being towed to be used as target ship 1969.jpg|thumb|''Vincennes'' under tow to be sunk as a target ship, in October 1969.]]

During that time, the war in the Pacific had drawn to a close with a battered but defiant Japan surrendering in mid-August. After her post-repair trials, ''Vincennes'' had shifted to San Diego on 29 August to commence her post-repair shakedown and refresher training in the waters off [[San Clemente Island]].<ref name="DANFS" />

''Vincennes'' then participated in [[Operation Magic Carpet]] following her refresher training, sailing between Pearl Harbor and the west coast as a transport for returning sailors and Marines. She continued her "Magic Carpet" assignment by sailing for the South Pacific that autumn, reaching [[Noumea]], [[New Caledonia]], to become the flagship for Rear Admiral Paul Hendren, Commander, South Pacific Area Force. On 25 October, the ship got underway to take Rear Admiral Hendren on an inspection tour of facilities at [[Guadalcanal]]; in the Russells; at [[Tulagi]]; at [[Espiritu Santo]]; and [[Efate]], returning to Nouméa on 5 November. During the course of that brief voyage, the ship passed near the spot where her namesake had gone down that furious night of combat on 8 and 9 August 1942 in the Battle of Savo Island.<ref name="DANFS" />

''Vincennes'' subsequently made two trips to [[New Zealand]] waters before returning home with 300 veterans embarked as passengers. Discharging them at [[San Francisco]] upon her arrival on 23 March 1946, the light cruiser sped to Mare Island where workmen soon commenced deactivating the ship.<ref name="DANFS" />

==Decommissioning==
[[File:USS Vincennes (CL-64) marker.jpg|thumb|right|Marker in [[Vincennes, Indiana]]]]

Decommissioned on 10 September 1946, ''Vincennes'' never returned to active service with the Fleet. She was one of the ''Cleveland class'' ships surveyed for conversion to [[guided missile]] configuration like her sisters ''Little Rock'' and ''Providence'', but other ships were selected instead.  Struck from the [[Navy list]] on 1 April 1966, she was sunk as a target in missile experiments<ref name="DANFS" /> in the [[Pacific Ocean]] off the coast of [[Southern California]] near [[Point Mugu, California|Point Mugu]], on 28 October 1969.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.navsource.org/archives/04/064/04064.htm | title=USS FLINT/VINCENNES (CL 64) | publisher=NavSource Online | date=2 November 2014 | access-date=8 December 2015 | author=Yarnall, Paul R.}}</ref>

==Awards ==
''Vincennes'' earned six [[Battle star#Navy warships|battle stars]] for her [[World War II]] service.<ref name="DANFS" />

==Footnotes==
===Notes===

{{notes}}

===Citations===
{{reflist|20em}}

==References==
{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/v/vincennes-iii.html}}

* {{cite book
  | last=Friedman
  | first=Norman
  | chapter=United States of America
  | pages=86–166
  | editor1-last = Gardiner
  | editor1-first = Robert
  | editor2-last = Chesneau
  | editor2-first = Roger
  | year = 1980
  | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946
  | location = Annapolis
  | publisher = Naval Institute Press
  | isbn = 978-0-87021-913-9
  | ref = {{sfnRef|Friedman 1980}}
  |name-list-style=amp
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last=Friedman
  | first=Norman
  | year=1984
  | title=U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History
  | location=Annapolis
  | publisher=Naval Institute Press
  | isbn=978-0-87021-739-5
  | ref = {{sfnRef|Friedman 1984}}
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last = Rohwer
  | first = Jürgen
  | author-link = Jürgen Rohwer
  | year = 2005
  | title = Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two
  | publisher = Naval Institute Press
  | location = Annapolis
  | isbn = 978-1-59114-119-8
  | ref = {{sfnRef|Rohwer}}
  }}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|author=Hennessy, M. Shawn|title=Freedom's Fortress: Vincennes' History of Service to the United States|url=http://www.ussvincennes.org/FreedomsFortress|location=Seattle|publisher=MS Hennessy Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-0-615-29191-8}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|USS Vincennes (CL-64)}}
*{{navsource|04/064/04064|USS ''Vincennes''}}

{{Cleveland class cruiser}}
{{1969 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vincennes (CL-64)}}
[[Category:Cleveland-class cruisers]]
[[Category:World War II cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:Ships built in Quincy, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:1943 ships]]
[[Category:Ships sunk as targets]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1969]]

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