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{{short description|Railway line in Japan}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width   =
| name        = Saikyō Line
| native_name = 埼京線
| native_name_lang = ja
| color       = 2e8b57 <!-- SeaGreen -->
| logo        = {{JRLS|JA|50}}
| logo_width  = 
| image       = Saikyo-Line E233-7000 127F.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption     = Saikyō Line [[E233 series]] EMU set 127 approaching [[Kita-Yono Station]] in June 2021
| type        = [[Commuter rail]]
| system      =
| status      =
| locale      = [[Tokyo]], [[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]] prefectures
| start       = {{STN|Ōsaki}}
| end         = {{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}}
| stations    = 19
| routes      =
| daily_ridership   = 1,105,557 (daily 2015)<ref name =ridership>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001179760.pdf|title=平成27年 大都市交通センサス 首都圏報告書 |last=|first=|date=|website=P.92|publisher=国土交通省|access-date=}}</ref>
| open        = {{start date and age|1985|09|30|df=y}} ({{STN|Akabane}}–{{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}} section)
| close       =
| owner       = {{ric|JR East|name=y}}
| operator    = 
| character   =
| depot       = Kawagoe (Minami-Furuya)
| stock       = [[E233-7000 series]], [[TWR 70-000 series]], [[Sotetsu 12000 series]] EMUs
| linelength  = {{cvt|36.9|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| tracklength = 
| tracks     = [[Double-track railway|Double-track]]
| gauge       = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
| electrification  = {{1,500 V DC}} ([[overhead catenary]])
| speed       = {{cvt|100|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}}
| elevation   =
| trainprotection=[[Automatic train stop|ATS-P]] (Osaki–Ikebukuro),<br>[[ATACS]] (IKebukuro–Ōmiya)
| signalling = Automatic closed block ({{STN|Osaki}}–{{STN|Ikebukuro}}),<br>Moving block (Ikebukuro–{{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}})
| map         = [[File:JR Saikyo Line linemap.svg|250px]]
| map_state   = collapsed
}}

The '''Saikyō Line''' ({{langx|ja|埼京線|Saikyō-sen}}) is a Japanese railway line operated by the [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East). It connects [[Ōsaki Station]] in [[Shinagawa, Tokyo]], and [[Ōmiya Station (Saitama)|Ōmiya Station]] in [[Saitama Prefecture]]. The line's name is a portmanteau of the two areas the line connects: '''Sai'''tama ({{langx|ja|'''埼'''玉|links=no}}) and Tō'''kyō''' ({{langx|ja|東'''京'''|links=no}}).

At the northern end of the line, some trains continue beyond Ōmiya as far as {{STN|Kawagoe}} on the [[Kawagoe Line]]; at the southern end of the line, many Saikyō Line trains continue onward beyond Ōsaki to either {{STN|Shin-Kiba}} on the [[Rinkai Line]] (operated by [[Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit]]) or {{STN|Ebina}} on the [[Sotetsu Main Line]] (via the [[Sōtetsu Shin-Yokohama Line]]). Moreover, despite the line’s name, some trains only go between Kanagawa and Shinjuku, without continuing to Saitama. Beside the link that connects the Saikyō and Rinkai lines is the JR East Tokyo General Rolling Stock Centre that stores the rolling stock for the [[Yamanote Line]] and other types of rolling stock; and the Hinkaku Line which links Saikyo Line to the [[Tokaido Freight Line]] and Sotetsu-JR Link Line.

==Basic data==
*Operator: [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) (Services and tracks)
**Ōsaki &ndash; Ikebukuro &ndash; Akabane &ndash; Musashi-Urawa &ndash; Ōmiya: {{cvt|36.9|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}
***Ōsaki &ndash; Ikebukuro: {{cvt|13.4|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} ([[Yamanote Line]] freight line)
***Ikebukuro &ndash; Akabane: {{cvt|5.5|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} (Akabane Line)
***Akabane &ndash; Musashi-Urawa &ndash; Ōmiya: {{cvt|18.0|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} ([[Tōhoku Main Line]] branch)
*Double-tracking: Entire line
*[[Railway signalling]]:
**Ōsaki &ndash; Ikebukuro: [[Automatic block signaling|Automatic Block System]], [[Automatic train stop|ATS-P]]
**Ikebukuro &ndash; Ōmiya: [[ATACS]], Formerly ATC-6
*Maximum speed:
**Akabane &ndash; Ōmiya: {{cvt|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
**Itabashi &ndash; Akabane: {{cvt|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
**All other sections: {{cvt|95|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}

[[File:SaikyoLineStations.png|thumb|Saikyo Line stations]]

==Route==
The line runs parallel to the [[Yamanote Line]] between [[Ōsaki Station|Ōsaki]] and [[Ikebukuro Station|Ikebukuro]], where it is formally called the Yamanote Freight Line ({{langx|ja|山手貨物線|links=no}}), and as an alternate route to the [[Tōhoku Main Line]] between [[Akabane Station|Akabane]] and [[Ōmiya Station (Saitama)|Ōmiya]], where it is unofficially called the Tōhoku Honsen Secondary Line ({{langx|ja|東北本線支線|links=no}}). The portion between [[Ikebukuro Station|Ikebukuro]] and [[Akabane Station|Akabane]] is officially known as the Akabane Line ({{langx|ja|赤羽線|links=no}}). For most purposes, JR refers to all of these as part of the "Saikyō Line" when being used for Saikyō Line services.<ref name="timetable2008">JR Timetable, December 2008 issue</ref>

==Service==
There are three types of trains on the Saikyō Line: {{nihongo|"Local"|各駅停車|Kakueki-Teisha}}, {{nihongo|"Rapid"|快速|kaisoku}}, and {{nihongo|"Commuter Rapid"|通勤快速|tsūkin kaisoku}}. Between Akabane and Musashi-Urawa, Rapid trains stop only at Toda-Kōen, while Commuter Rapid trains, which run during rush hours, stop only at Musashi-Urawa between Akabane and Ōmiya. Between Akabane and Ikebukuro, as well as on the Kawagoe and Rinkai lines, all trains stop at all stations. Between Ikebukuro and Osaki on the Yamanote Freight Line, all trains run limited-stop in both directions, with the Yamanote Line providing all-stations service.<ref name="JRfutabasha2013">{{cite book |title = 首都圏鉄道完全ガイド 主要JR路線編 |trans-title= Tokyo Area Complete Railway Guide - Major JR Lines |publisher = Futabasha |date = 6 December 2013 |location = Japan |pages = 75–86|isbn = 978-4-575-45414-7}}</ref>

==Station list==
* Local trains stop at all stations.
* Rapid and commuter rapid trains stop at stations marked "●" and pass those marked "｜".

{| class="wikitable" rules="all"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Line<br />name
!rowspan="2"|No.
!rowspan="2"|Station
!rowspan="2"|Japanese
!colspan="3"|Distance (km)
!style="background:#9cf;" rowspan="2"|Rapid
!style="background:#fcc;" rowspan="2"|Comm.<br />Rapid
!rowspan="2"|Transfers
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Location
|-
!Between<br />stations
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!colspan="12"|Through service to {{STN|Shin-Kiba}} via the {{RKLS}} [[Rinkai Line]]
Through service to {{STN|Ebina}} via the [[File:Sotetsu_line_symbol.svg|link=|20x20px]] [[Sōtetsu Shin-Yokohama Line]] and {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shōnan-Shinjuku Line]]
|-
|rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; width:1em;"|[[Yamanote Line]]
|{{JRSN|JA|08|tlc=OSK|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ōsaki}}
|大崎
|style="text-align:center;"| -
|style="text-align:right; width:2.5em;"|<small>'''from<br />{{STN|Shinagawa}}'''<br /></small>2.0
|style="text-align:right; width:2.5em;"|<small>'''from<br />Ōsaki'''<br /></small>0.0
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]] (through service)
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* {{RKLS}} [[Rinkai Line]] (through service)
}}
|[[Shinagawa, Tokyo|Shinagawa]]
|rowspan="13" |[[Tokyo]]
|-
|{{JRSN|JA|09|tlc=EBS|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ebisu|Tokyo}}
|恵比寿
|style="text-align:right;"|3.6
|style="text-align:right;"|5.6
|style="text-align:right;"|3.6
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* {{TSLS|H}} [[Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line]] (H-02)
}}
|rowspan="3"|[[Shibuya, Tokyo|Shibuya]]
|-
|{{JRSN|JA|10|tlc=SBY|size=40}}
|{{STN|Shibuya}}
|渋谷{{efn|The platform of the Saikyo Line and [[Shonan Shinjuku Line]], until 2020, was quite far from the [[Yamanote Line]] platform, and thus was ridiculed as {{Nihongo|"Minami Shibuya Station"|南渋谷駅|Minami-Shibuya-eki|lead=yes|extra=means South Shibuya Station}}.}}
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|7.2
|style="text-align:right;"|5.2
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* {{KOLS|IN}} [[Keio Inokashira Line]]
* {{TQLS|DT}} [[Tokyu Den-en-toshi Line]]
* {{TQLS|TY}} [[Tokyu Toyoko Line]]
* {{TSLS|G}} [[Tokyo Metro Ginza Line]] (G-01)
* {{TSLS|Z}} [[Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line]] (Z-01)
* {{TSLS|F}} [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] (F-16)
}}
|- 
|rowspan="2"|{{JRSN|JA|11|tlc=SJK|size=40}}
|rowspan="2"|{{STN|Shinjuku}}
|rowspan="2"|新宿
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|3.4
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|10.6
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|8.6
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|rowspan="2"|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JC}} [[Chuo Line (Rapid)]]
* {{JRLS|JB}} [[Chuo-Sobu Line]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
* {{KOLS|KO}} [[Keio Line]]
* {{KOLS|KO}} [[Keio New Line]]
* {{ODLS|OH}} [[Odakyu Odawara Line]]
* [[File:Seibu shinjuku logo.svg|18px]] [[Seibu Shinjuku Line]] ({{STN|Seibu-Shinjuku}})
* {{TSLS|M}} [[Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line]] (M-08)
* {{TSLS|S}} [[Toei Shinjuku Line]] (S-01)
* {{TSLS|E}} [[Toei Ōedo Line]] (E-27, {{STN|Shinjuku-Nishiguchi}}: E-01)
}}
|-
|[[Shinjuku, Tokyo|Shinjuku]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|{{JRSN|JA|12|tlc=IKB|size=40}}
|rowspan="2"|{{STN|Ikebukuro}}
|rowspan="2"|池袋
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|4.8
|style="text-align:right;"|15.4
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|13.4
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|rowspan="2"|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Yamanote Line]]
* [[File:Seibu ikebukuro logo.svg|18px]] [[Seibu Ikebukuro Line]]
* {{TBLS|TJ}} [[Tobu Tojo Line]]
* {{TSLS|M}} [[Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line]] (M-25)
* {{TSLS|Y}} [[Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line]] (Y-09)
* {{TSLS|F}} [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] (F-09)
}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Toshima, Tokyo|Toshima]]
|-
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; width:1em;"|Akabane Line
|style="text-align:right;"|<small>'''from<br />Ikebukuro'''<br /></small>0.0
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|13|size=40}}
|{{STN|Itabashi}}
|板橋
|style="text-align:right;"|1.8
|style="text-align:right;"|1.8
|style="text-align:right;"|15.2
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{TSLS|I}} [[Toei Mita Line]] ({{STN|Shin-Itabashi}}: I-17)<br />{{TBLS|TJ}} [[Tobu Tojo Line]] ({{STN|Shimo-Itabashi}})
|[[Itabashi, Tokyo|Itabashi]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|14|size=40}}
|{{STN|Jūjō|Tokyo}}
|十条
|style="text-align:right;"|1.7
|style="text-align:right;"|3.5
|style="text-align:right;"|16.9
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|&nbsp;
|rowspan="5"|[[Kita, Tokyo|Kita]]
|-
|rowspan="2" align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|15|tlc=ABN|size=40}}
|rowspan="2"|{{STN|Akabane}}
|rowspan="2"|赤羽
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|2.0
|style="text-align:right;"|5.5
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;"|18.9
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|rowspan="2"|{{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JK}} [[Keihin-Tohoku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JU}} [[Tohoku Main Line]] ([[Utsunomiya Line]])
* {{JRLS|JU}} [[Takasaki Line]]
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
}}
|-
|rowspan="12" style="text-align:center; width:1em;"|[[Tohoku Main Line]] (branch)
|style="text-align:right;"|<small>'''from<br />Akabane'''<br /></small>0.0
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|16|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kita-Akabane}}
|北赤羽
|style="text-align:right;"|1.5
|style="text-align:right;"|1.5
|style="text-align:right;"|20.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|'''｜'''
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
|&nbsp;
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|17|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ukima-Funado}}
|浮間舟渡
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|3.1
|style="text-align:right;"|22.0
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|'''｜'''
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
|&nbsp;
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|18|size=40}}
|{{STN|Toda-Kōen}}
|戸田公園
|style="text-align:right;"|2.4
|style="text-align:right;"|5.5
|style="text-align:right;"|24.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
|&nbsp;
|rowspan="3"|[[Toda, Saitama|Toda]]
|rowspan="9" |[[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|19|size=40}}
|{{STN|Toda|Saitama}}
|戸田
|style="text-align:right;"|1.3
|style="text-align:right;"|6.8
|style="text-align:right;"|25.7
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|'''｜'''
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
|&nbsp;
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|20|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kita-Toda}}
|北戸田
|style="text-align:right;"|1.4
|style="text-align:right;"|8.2
|style="text-align:right;"|27.1
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|'''｜'''
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
|&nbsp;
|-
| align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|21|size=40}}
|{{STN|Musashi-Urawa}}
|武蔵浦和
|style="text-align:right;"|2.4
|style="text-align:right;"|10.6
|style="text-align:right;"|29.5
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{JRLS|JM}} [[Musashino Line]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Minami-ku, Saitama]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|22|size=40}}
|{{STN|Naka-Urawa}}
|中浦和
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|11.8
|style="text-align:right;"|30.7
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
|&nbsp;
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|23|size=40}}
|{{STN|Minami-Yono}}
|南与野
|style="text-align:right;"|1.7
|style="text-align:right;"|13.5
|style="text-align:right;"|32.4
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
|&nbsp;
|rowspan="3"|[[Chūō-ku, Saitama]]
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|24|size=40}}
|{{STN|Yonohommachi}}
|与野本町
|style="text-align:right;"|1.6
|style="text-align:right;"|15.1
|style="text-align:right;"|34.0
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
|&nbsp;
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|25|size=40}}
|{{STN|Kita-Yono}}
|北与野
|style="text-align:right;"|1.1
|style="text-align:right;"|16.2
|style="text-align:right;"|35.1
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|'''｜'''
|&nbsp;
|-
|align="center"|{{JRSN|JA|26|tlc=OMY|size=40}}
|{{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}}
|大宮{{efn|There are many trains that run directly from here to {{STN|Kawagoe}} on the [[Kawagoe Line]].}}
|style="text-align:right;"|1.8
|style="text-align:right;"|18.0
|style="text-align:right;"|36.9
|style="text-align:center; background:#9cf;"|●
|style="text-align:center; background:#fcc;"|●
|{{Plainlist|
* {{Colorbull|Grey}}[[Kawagoe Line]] (some through services)
* {{ric|JR East|Tohoku Shinkansen|name=y}}
* {{ric|JR East|Yamagata Shinkansen|name=y}}
* {{ric|JR East|Akita Shinkansen|name=y}}
* {{ric|JR East|Joetsu Shinkansen|name=y}}
* {{ric|JR East|Hokuriku Shinkansen|name=y}}
* {{JRLS|JK}} [[Keihin-Tohoku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JU}} [[Tohoku Main Line]] (Utsunomiya Line)
* {{JRLS|JU}} [[Takasaki Line]]
* {{JRLS|JS}} [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]]
* {{TBLS|TD}} [[Tobu Urban Park Line]]
* [[New Shuttle]]
}}
|[[Ōmiya-ku, Saitama]]
|-
!colspan="12"|Through service to {{STN|Kawagoe}} on the [[Kawagoe Line]]
|}

==Rolling stock==
* JR East [[205 series]] 10-car EMUs (July 1989{{snd}}October 2016)
* JR East [[E233-7000 series]] 10-car EMUs (since June 2013)
* [[TWR 70-000 series]] 10-car EMUs (since 1996)
* [[Sotetsu 12000 series]] 10-car EMUs (since 30 November 2019)

<gallery class="center">
File:Saikyo-Line-Series205-28.jpg|A 205 series EMU
File:E233 kei 7000bandai 101F saikyo line.JPG|An E233-7000 series EMU
File:TWR_70-000_series_2015-06-26.jpg|A TWR 70-000 series EMU
File:Sagami_Railway_12000_series_Izumino_Line_Ryokuentoshi_Station_20190420.jpg|A Sotetsu 12000 series EMU
</gallery>

Per 30 November 2019 schedule change, services on the Saikyo Line, [[Kawagoe Line]], [[Rinkai Line]], and [[Sōtetsu Main Line]] are operated by a fleet of 38 10-car [[E233-7000 series]] [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) trains owned by JR East and based at Kawagoe Depot, 10-car [[TWR 70-000 series]] EMU trains owned by [[Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit]] and based at Yashio Depot; and 5 sets of [[Sotetsu 12000 series]] owned by [[Sagami Railway]] and based at Kashiwadai Vehicle Center.<ref name="dj378">{{cite magazine|last = Saka|first = Masahiro |script-title=ja: 埼京線・川越線・八高線・相模線車両の変遷|trans-title= Rolling stock transitions on the Saikyo/Kawagoe/Hachiko/Sagami Lines|magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine |volume = 44|issue = 378 |pages =18–27 |publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun |location = Japan |language= Japanese |date = October 2015}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=January 2020}} The first E233-7000 series trains were delivered in March 2013, entering revenue service from 1 June 2013, gradually displacing the [[205 series]] sets used since 1 July 1989.<ref name="dj378" /> {{As of|2016|10}}, all Saikyo Line 205 series sets have been removed from service.<ref name="railfan663">{{cite magazine|script-title=ja: JR車両ファイル2016|trans-title= JR Rolling Stock File 2016|magazine = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] |volume = 56|issue = 663|page = 34 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = Japanese |date = July 2016}}</ref> With the opening of the Sotetsu-JR Link Line, Sotetsu 12000 series trains begin traveling through to Saikyo Line (via Shonan-Shinjuku Line).

Before the establishment of the Saikyo Line, rolling stock used on the [[Akabane Line]] included:
* [[72 series]] 8-car EMUs (1953&ndash;1967)
* [[101 series]] 8-car EMUs (1967&ndash;1978)
* [[103 series]] 8/10-car EMUs (1978&ndash;1985)

<gallery class="center">
File:L25 akabane Tc103-273 750.jpg|An Akabane Line [[103 series]] train in 1979
</gallery>

==History==
The Akabane Line opened on 1 March 1885 as a segment of the Nippon Railway Shinagawa Line. The company was [[Railway Nationalization Act|nationalized]] in 1906. Electric services on the line began in 1909. From 1972 to 1985, the line was the known as the Akabane Line after being a branch of [[Yamanote Line]].

Before the Saikyo Line, there were several attempts to improve commuter rail service between Saitama and Tokyo. One of the earliest, the {{nihongo|Tokyo-Ōmiya Electric Railway|東京大宮電気鉄道|Tōkyō-Ōmiya Denki Tetsudō}}, was founded in 1928 but went bankrupt shortly thereafter due to rising land values in the area. Later, in 1968, the Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Transportation proposed to run the new [[Toei Mita Line]] to central [[Ōmiya-ku, Saitama|Ōmiya]].

Development of the Saikyo Line began as a [[Japanese National Railways]] effort to quell unrest in Saitama regarding the expansion of the [[Tōhoku Shinkansen|Tohoku]] and [[Joetsu Shinkansen]]. During the mid-1970s, local protesters staged sit-ins, demonstrations, and administrative actions to impede the building of the new high-speed lines north of Tokyo. JNR reached a settlement with the activists under which it would build a commuter line to serve these local communities, while being allowed to continue extending the Shinkansen.

The new line, tentatively called the {{nihongo|"New Commuter Line"|通勤新線|Tsūkin Shinsen}}, was built between Ōmiya and Akabane. Through service to Ikebukuro via the existing [[Akabane Line]] began on 30 September 1985. The Akabane Line name disappeared from daily use from this time. The Saikyo Line was initially troubled by inadequate train control systems which could not keep pace with its frequency of service; however, these issues were worked out during the first month of service.

When the Tōhoku Main Line portion of the Saikyō Line was being built, the stations from Kita-Akabane to Kita-Yono were designated with numbers from 1 to 10; Kita-Akabane Station was known as "New Commuter Line Station No. 1". However, even after names were assigned, passengers complained that each station looked just like the next due to their identical construction. As a result, JNR, in an unusual move, assigned colors to those stations so that they could be told apart from one another.

[[File:Saikyo Line and Tohoku Shinkansen.jpg|thumb|Saikyo Line and Tohoku Shinkansen]]
On 3 March 1986, the Saikyo Line began through service to Shinjuku via the Yamanote Freight Line, which had seen less use by freight services since the opening of the [[Musashino Line]] in 1973.<ref name="JRfutabasha2013"/> Freight services on the former Akabane Line ended in 1999. Services southward to Shibuya and Ebisu did not begin until 16 March 1996, when new platforms were completed to accommodate passenger service.<ref name="JRfutabasha2013"/> Through services to Ōsaki and the Rinkai Line began on 1 December 2002.<ref name="JRfutabasha2013"/>

The Saikyo Line has had a particularly severe problem of overcrowding during peak periods, especially during weekday mornings. The opening of the [[Shonan-Shinjuku Line]] in 2004 and the [[Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line]] in 2008, both of which parallel the Saikyō Line for part of its route, alleviated some of the worst crowding. Problems resulting from overcrowding have included a higher incidence of groping, as well as delays in train schedule caused by longer time taken at each station to pick up and drop off passengers. The Saikyō Line was notorious for having the highest reported number of groping-related incidents (known as ''[[chikan (body contact)|chikan]]'' incidents) in the Greater Tokyo area.<ref>[http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/komachi/news/20050208sw31.htm "Worst for Chikan in Tokyo is Saikyo Line"] ''Yomiuri Shimbun'', 2005-02-08, retrieved 2006-06-19</ref> This problem was directly addressed by introducing [[women-only passenger car]]s during rush hours, and indirectly addressed by reducing overcrowding problems as a whole.

On 20 August 2016, station numbering was introduced with stations being assigned station numbers between JA08 and JA26.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2016 |title=⾸都圏エリアへ 「駅ナンバリング」を導⼊します |trans-title=Introduce “station numbering” to the Tokyo metropolitan area |url=https://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2016/20160402.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207004741/https://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2016/20160402.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2022 |access-date=7 January 2023 |website=jreast.co.jp |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kusamachi |first=Yoshikazu |date=7 April 2016 |title=JA・JK・JT・AKB…JR東日本、首都圏で駅ナンバリングなど導入へ |trans-title=JA, JK, JT, AKB … JR East to introduce station numbering in the Tokyo metropolitan area |url=https://response.jp/article/2016/04/07/273025.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806133507/https://response.jp/article/2016/04/07/273025.html |archive-date=6 August 2022 |access-date=7 January 2023 |website=Response Automotive Media |language=ja}}</ref> Numbers increase towards in the northbound direction towards Omiya.

Beginning 30 November 2019, some Saikyo Line trains travel through to {{STN|Ebina}} via the Shonan-Shinjuku Line and the Sotetsu JR-Link Line. In the westbound direction (Omiya to Shinjuku, Osaki, and Ebina), Saikyo Line trains enter the Hinkaku Line after Osaki, stopping at Nishi-Oi and Musashi-Kosugi. After Musashi-Kosugi, trains enter the Tokaido Freight Line track. Near {{STN|Hazawa Yokohama-Kokudai}}, the train enters the Sotetsu-JR Link Line.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite magazine|last = Osano|first = Kagetoshi|script-title=ja: 埼京線 その歴史とあらまし|trans-title= History and overview of the Saikyo Line|magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine |volume = 44|issue = 378 |pages =10–17 |publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun |location = Japan |language= Japanese |date = October 2015}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/estation/result.aspx?mode=2&rosen=29=1=%E5%9F%BC%E4%BA%AC%E7%B7%9A Stations of the Saikyō Line] (JR East) {{in lang|ja}}

{{Tokyo transit}}
{{East Japan Railway Company Lines}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saikyo Line}}
[[Category:Saikyō Line| ]]
[[Category:Lines of East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Saitama Prefecture]]
[[Category:1067 mm gauge railways in Japan]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1985]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Japan]]

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