View source for Italian destroyer Pilade Bronzetti

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{{short description|Italian Rosolino Pilo-class destroyer}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |infobox caption= |italic title=}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=File:RN Bronzetti.jpg
|Ship caption=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Kingdom of Italy]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Italy|naval}}
|Ship name=''Pilade Bronzetti''
|Ship namesake=[[Pilade Bronzetti]] (1832–1860), Italian patriot
|Ship owner=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=''[[Cantieri navali Odero]]'', {{nowrap|[[Sestri Ponente]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]}}
|Ship laid down=12 September 1913
|Ship launched=26 October 1915
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=1 January 1916
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]] BR
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=yes
|Ship struck=January 1921
|Ship reinstated=January 1921
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=yes
|Ship renamed=''Giuseppe Dezza'' 16&nbsp;January&nbsp;1921
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=yes
|Ship namesake=[[Giuseppe Dezza]] (1830–1898), Italian general, politician, and patriot
|Ship identification=Pennant number DZ
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=yes
|Ship reclassified=[[Torpedo boat]] 1&nbsp;October&nbsp;1929
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=Captured by [[Nazi Germany]] 11&nbsp;September&nbsp;1943
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=[[Nazi Germany]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Nazi Germany|naval}}
|Ship name=''TA35''
|Ship acquired=11 September 1943
|Ship commissioned=9 June 1944
|Ship identification=
|Ship struck=
|Ship fate=Sunk 17 August 1944
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header =
|Header caption =
|Ship class = {{sclass|Rosolino Pilo|destroyer}}
|Ship displacement =*912 tons (max)
*770 tons (standard)
|Ship length = {{convert|73|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam = {{convert|7.3|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught = {{convert|2.3|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship power ={{convert|16000|bhp|0|lk=in}}
|Ship propulsion =*1 × Tosi steam turbines
*4 × [[Thornycroft]] boilers
|Ship speed = {{convert|30|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range = {{convert|1200|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|14|kn}}
|Ship complement = 69–79
|Ship crew =
|Ship sensors =
|Ship EW =
|Ship armament =
*'''As built:'''
*4 × 1 [[Cannon 76/40 Model 1916]]
*2 × 1 [[Cannon 76/40 Model 1916|76mm/30]] AA
*4 × 1 {{cvt|450|mm|1}} [[torpedo tube]]s
*10 [[Naval mine|mine]]s
*'''1925:'''
*5 × 1 [[Cannon 102/35 Model 1914|{{Convert|102|mm|in|abbr=on}}/35]] guns
*2 × 1 – [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|40 mm/39]] AA
*2&nbsp;×&nbsp;1 {{convert|65|mm|adj=on}} machine guns
*4 × 1 {{cvt|450|mm|1}} torpedo tubes
|Ship armour =
|Ship notes =
}}
|}
'''''Pilade Bronzetti''''' was an Italian {{sclass|Rosolino Pilo|destroyer|0}} [[destroyer]]. [[Ship commissioning|Commissioned]] into service in the Italian {{lang|it|[[Regia Marina]]}} ("Royal Navy") in 1916, she served in [[World War I]], participating in the [[Adriatic Campaign of World War I|Adriatic campaign]]. Her crew supported [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]]′s actions in [[Fiume]] in 1920, and as a consequence she was renamed '''''Giuseppe Dezza''''' in 1921. Reclassified as a [[torpedo boat]] in 1929, she took part in the [[Battle of the Mediterranean|Mediterranean campaign]] of [[World War II]] until the Italian [[Armistice of Cassibile|armistice]] with the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], prompting [[Nazi Germany]] to capture her. Subsequently operating in the ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' as '''''TA35''''', she participated in the [[Adriatic Campaign of World War II]] until she was sunk in 1944.

==Construction and commissioning==
''Pilade Bronzetti'' was [[Keel-laying|laid down]] at the {{lang|it|[[Cantieri navali Odero]]}} ({{langx|en|Odero [[Shipyard]]}}) in [[Sestri Ponente]], [[Italy]], on 12&nbsp;September&nbsp;1913. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 26&nbsp;October&nbsp;1915 and completed and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 1&nbsp;January&nbsp;1916.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1970|p=72}}

==Service history==
===World War I===
====1916–1917====
[[World War I]] was raging when ''Pilade Bronzetti'' entered service on [[New Year's Day]] 1916. Based at [[Brindisi]], Italy, she was tasked with conducting [[reconnaissance]] in the southern [[Adriatic Sea]] and protection of the [[Otranto Barrage]], an [[Antisubmarine warfare|antisubmarine]] [[Barrage (military science)|barrage]] in the [[Strait of Otranto]], also operating occasionally in the waters of the [[Kingdom of Greece]].<ref name="gravitazero">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gravitazero.org/history/dezza/dezza_1.htm |title=Gravitazero - Storia & Relitti<!-- Title generated automatically --> |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119202441/http://www.gravitazero.org/history/dezza/dezza_1.htm |archive-date=19 January 2012 |language=it }}</ref>

[[Commanding officer|Under the command]] of ''Capitano di corvetta'' ([[Corvette captain|Corvette Captain]]) Grixoni, ''Pilade Bronzetti'' was returning from [[Principality of Albania|Albania]] to Brindisi on 6 February 1916 in company with the British [[light cruiser]] {{HMS|Liverpool|1909|6}} and other ships when they sighted the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] destroyer {{SMS|Wildfang}}. ''Wildfang'' was the vanguard of a force composed of the [[scout cruiser]] {{SMS|Helgoland|1912|2}} and six [[torpedo boats]] tasked with attacking [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] [[merchant ship]]s departing Durrës (known to the Italians as Durazzo), Albania.{{sfn|Favre|pp=174, 193, 201, 255}} After a brief exchange of gunfire, ''Wildfang'' retreated towards the Austro-Hungarian-occupied coast, bringing the action to an end.{{sfn|Favre|pp=174, 193, 201, 255}}

On 13&nbsp;June&nbsp;1916, ''Pilade Bronzetti'' and the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Antonio Mosto||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Audace|1913|2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Rosolino Pilo||2}} provided escort and support to the [[motor torpedo boat]]s {{nowrap|''[[MAS (motorboat)|MAS]] 5''}} and ''MAS&nbsp;7'', which, after the coastal torpedo boats {{nowrap|{{ship|Italian torpedo boat|35 PN||2}}}} and {{nowrap|{{ship|Italian torpedo boat|37 PN||2}}}} [[Towing|towed]] them to a starting position, penetrated the harbor at Austro-Hungarian-occupied [[Shëngjin]] (known to the Italians as San Giovanni di Medua) in Albania. The incursion was unsuccessful: ''MAS&nbsp;5'' and ''MAS&nbsp;7'' found no ships moored in the harbor, then withdrew under Austro-Hungarian [[artillery]] fire without suffering any damage.{{sfn|Favre|pp=174, 193, 201, 255}}

An Austro-Hungarian Navy force consisting of the scout cruiser ''Helgoland'' and the destroyers {{SMS|Balaton||2}}, {{SMS|Csepel||2}}, {{SMS|Lika|1917|2}}, {{SMS|Orjen||2}}, {{SMS|Tatra||2}}, and {{SMS|Triglav|1917|2}} left [[Kotor|Cattaro]] on 18&nbsp;October&nbsp;1917 to attack Italian convoys. The Austro-Hungarians found no convoys, so ''Helgoland'' and ''Lika'' moved to within sight of Brindisi to entice Italian ships into chasing them and lure the Italians into an ambush by the Austro-Hungarian submarines {{ship|SM|U-32|Austria-Hungary|2}} and {{ship|SM|U-40|Austria-Hungary|2}}. At 06:30 on 19&nbsp;October&nbsp;1917, ''Pilade Bronzetti'', the scout cruisers {{ship|Italian cruiser|Alessandro Poerio||2}} and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Guglielmo Pepe||2}}, and the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Insidioso||2}} and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Simone Schiaffino||2}} got underway from Brindisi to pursue the Austro-Hungarians, and the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ippolito Nievo||2}} and ''Rosolino Pilo'' and the British light cruiser {{HMS|Weymouth|1910|6}} diverted from a voyage from [[Vlorë]] (known to the Italians as Valona), Albania, to Brindisi to join the pursuit. After a long chase which also saw some Italian air attacks on the Austro-Hungarian ships, the Austro-Hungarians escaped and all the Italian ships returned to port without damage.{{sfn|Favre|pp=174, 193, 201, 255}}

====1918====

On 10&nbsp;March&nbsp;1918, the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Antonio Mosto||2}}, with the motor torpedo boat ''MAS&nbsp;100'' in tow, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ippolito Nievo||2}}, towing ''MAS&nbsp;99'', set out for a raid on [[Portorož]] (known to the Italians as Portorose) on the coast of [[Austria-Hungary]], with ''Pilade Bronzetti'', the scout cruisers ''Alessandro&nbsp;Poerio'', {{ship|Italian destroyer|Augusto Riboty||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Carlo Mirabello||2}}, and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Cesare Rossarol||2}}, the destroyer {{ship|Italian destroyer|Giacinto Carini||2}}, and a [[French Navy]] [[destroyer squadron]] led by the destroyer {{ship|French destroyer|Casque|1910|2}} in support. ''Antonio Mosto'', ''Ippolito Nievo'', ''MAS&nbsp;99'', and ''MAS&nbsp;100'' reached the vicinity of Portorož, but then had to postpone the operation due to bad weather. The ships attempted the raid again on 16&nbsp;March, but adverse weather again forced its postponement. They made a third attempt on 8&nbsp;April&nbsp;1918, but after [[aerial reconnaissance]] ascertained that the port of Portorož was empty, the Italians again called off the operation.{{sfn|Favre|pp=174, 193, 201, 255}}

At 18:10 on 12&nbsp;May&nbsp;1918, ''Pilade Bronzetti'', with ''MAS&nbsp;99'' in tow, and ''Ippolito Nievo'', towing ''MAS&nbsp;100'', got underway from Brindisi for a raid against the [[roadstead]] at Durrës. At 23:00, ''MAS&nbsp;99'' and ''MAS&nbsp;100'' dropped their tow cables about {{convert|10|nmi|lk=in}} from Durrës, then entered the harbor. At 02:30 on 13&nbsp;May ''MAS&nbsp;99'' [[torpedo]]ed the [[Steamship|steamer]] {{SS|Bregenz||2}}, which sank a few minutes later with the loss of 234 men. The attack triggered a violent Austro-Hungarian reaction, but all the ships returned to Brindisi unscathed.{{sfn|Favre|pp=174, 193, 201, 255}}

At 23:54 on 14&nbsp;May&nbsp;1918, ''Pilade Bronzetti'', with ''MAS&nbsp;100'' in tow, and ''Ippolito Nievo'', towing ''MAS&nbsp;99'', dropped their tow cables about {{convert|15|nmi}} from [[Bar, Montenegro|Bar]] (known to the Italians as Antivari) on the coast of [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]]. The two MAS boats, after an unsuccessful attack on Bar, reunited with the two destroyers. The scout cruisers ''Cesare Rossarol'' and ''Guglielmo Pepe'' supported the operation, which concluded with the return of the ships to Brindisi at 09:00 on 15&nbsp;May.{{sfn|Favre|pp=174, 193, 201, 255}}

On 2&nbsp;June&nbsp;1918, ''Pilade Bronzetti'' and ''Antonio Mosto'' bombarded the island of [[Lastovo]] (known to the Italians as Lagosta) in the Adriatic Sea. The bombardment took place in coordination with a [[Aerial bombing|bombing]] attack on the island by Italian planes based at [[Cagnano Varano]], Italy.{{sfn|Favre|pp=174, 193, 201, 255}}

By late October&nbsp;1918, Austria-Hungary had effectively disintegrated, and the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]], signed on 3&nbsp;November&nbsp;1918, went into effect on 4&nbsp;November&nbsp;1918 and brought hostilities between Austria-Hungary and the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] to an end. World War I ended a week later with the [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|armistice]] between the Allies and the [[German Empire]] on 11&nbsp;November&nbsp;1918.

===Interwar period===

After World War I, ''Pilade Bronzetti'' performed escort and shipping surveillance and inspection duties in various areas of the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. In 1919, she operated in the Adriatic Sea off Albania and Montenegro, then was based in the upper Adriatic to perform surveillance duties.<ref name="gravitazero"/>

Before Italy entered World War I, it had made a pact with the Allies, the [[Treaty of London (1915)|Treaty of London]] of 1915, in which it was promised all of the [[Austrian Littoral]], but not the city of Fiume (known in [[Croatian language|Croatian]] as [[Rijeka]]). After the war, at the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]] in 1919, this delineation of territory was confirmed, with Fiume remaining outside of Italy's borders and amalgamated into the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (which in 1929 would be renamed the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]). Opposing this outcome, the poet and [[Italian nationalism|Italian nationalist]] [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]] led a force of about 2,600 so-called "[[Roman legionary|legionaries]]" to Fiume and seized the city in September 1919 in what became known as the {{lang|it|Impresa di Fiume}} ("Fiume endeavor" or "Fiume enterprise"). D'Annunzio declared Fiume to be the [[Italian Regency of Carnaro]] in September 1920. Relations between Italy and D'Annunzio's government continued to deteriorate, and after Italy signed the [[Treaty of Rapallo (1920)|Treaty of Rapallo]] with the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in November 1920, making Fiume an independent state as the [[Free State of Fiume]] rather than incorporating it into Italy, D'Annunzio declared war on Italy.

On the night of {{nowrap|6–7 December 1920}}, ''Pilade Bronzetti''′s crew [[Mutiny|mutinied]] while she was steaming in the [[Kvarner Gulf]].<ref>[http://www.giuseppemarchese.it/articoli/art_144/art144.html Le navi italiane a Fiume 1918-1921<!-- Title generated automatically -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105005139/http://www.giuseppemarchese.it/articoli/art_144/art144.html |date=5 November 2010|language=it }}</ref> Surprising the ship's [[Commissioned officer|officers]] while they were having breakfast, the crew took control of ''Pilade Bronzetti'' and proceeded to Fiume, where they placed the ship under D'Annunzio′s orders.<ref name="gravitazero"/> D'Annunzio welcomed them with a solemn speech in which he called them "young saviors of the honor of the Italian navy."<ref name="gravitazero"/> The officers, who had asked that D'Annunzio and the mutineers free the ship to return to base, were ignored and kept on board.<ref name="gravitazero"/>

Italy launched a full-scale invasion of Fiume on 24&nbsp;December&nbsp;1920, beginning what became known as the [[Bloody Christmas (1920)|Bloody Christmas]]. The Bloody Christmas fighting ended on 29&nbsp;December&nbsp;1920 in D'Annunzio's defeat and the establishment of the Free State of Fiume. With the Fiume affair at an end, ''Pilade Bronzetti'' surrendered to Italian forces and returned to ''Regia Marina'' control. In January&nbsp;1921, she moved to [[Pula|Pola]] and temporarily was stricken from the [[naval register]]. Quickly reinstated as a ship of the ''Regia Marina'', she was renamed ''Giuseppe Dezza'' on 16&nbsp;January&nbsp;1921.<ref name="gravitazero"/>

In October 1923, ''Giuseppe Dezza'' entered the [[Taranto]] Naval Arsenal for extensive modifications which included the revision of her armament. She emerged from the shipyard in 1925 with five {{convert|102|mm|0|adj=on}}/35-[[caliber]] guns, two {{convert|40|mm|adj=on}}/35-caliber guns, and four {{convert|450|mm|1|adj=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s,<ref name="Marina Militare">[http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/Pagine/ABCD/bronzetti.aspx Marina Militare<!-- Title generated automatically -->] (in Italian).</ref> and, according to some sources, two {{convert|65|mm|adj=on}} machine guns.<ref name=navypedia>[http://www.navypedia.org/ships/italy/it_dd_pilo.htm Da Navypedia.]</ref> Her full-load displacement rose to {{convert|900|t|lt|0|abbr=off}}.<ref name="Marina Militare"/>

Returning to service, ''Giuseppe Dezza'' first deployed to [[Naples]] and then temporarily was placed in [[Reserve fleet|reserve]].<ref name="gravitazero"/> In April&nbsp;1926, under the command of ''Capitano di corvetta'' (Corvette Captain) Emilio Brenta, she was assigned to the Torpedo Boat [[Division (naval)|Division]].<ref name="gravitazero"/> During 1926, she transferred the governor of [[Italian Tripolitania]], [[Emilio de Bono]], from [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]], the capital of Tripolitania, to Naples.<ref name="gravitazero"/> In 1927, she became the divisional [[flagship]] at Taranto.<ref name="gravitazero"/> She was reclassified as a torpedo boat on 1&nbsp;October&nbsp;1929<ref name="Marina Militare"/> and assigned to the Taranto Command School.<ref name="gravitazero"/>

===World War II===
====Italian service, 1940–1943====
[[World War II]] broke out in September 1939 with [[Nazi Germany]]'s [[invasion of Poland]]. Italy joined the war on the side of the [[Axis powers]] with its [[Italian invasion of France|invasion of France]] on 10&nbsp;June&nbsp;1940. At the time, ''Giuseppe Dezza'' was based at [[Messina]], [[Sicily]], performing target-towing duties as part of the 5th Torpedo Boat [[Squadron (naval)|Squadron]], which also included the torpedo boats {{ship|Italian submarine chaser|Albatros||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Giuseppe Cesare Abba||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Giuseppe La Farina||2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Simone Schiaffino||2}}.<ref name="gravitazero"/> She soon deployed to [[Cagliari]] on the southern coast of [[Sardinia]].<ref name="gravitazero"/>

On 9&nbsp;January&nbsp;1941, ''Giuseppe Dezza'' unsuccessfully counterattacked the British submarine {{HMS|Pandora|N42|6}} after ''Pandora'' sank [[troopship]]s in the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]] off [[Capo Carbonara]] on the southeastern coast of Sardinia.<ref name="gravitazero"/> From {{nowrap|12 to 13 March 1941}}, ''Giuseppe Dezza'', the [[heavy cruiser]]s {{ship|Italian cruiser|Bolzano||2}}, {{ship|Italian cruiser|Trento||2}}, and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Trieste||2}}, and the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Aviere|1937|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Carabiniere|1938|2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Corazziere|1938|2}} provided distant support to a convoy made up of the troopships {{SS|Conte Rosso||2}}, {{SS|Marco Polo|1936|2}}, and {{SS|Victoria|????|2}} and the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Camicia Nera||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Folgore||2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Geniere|1938|2}} as it made a voyage from Naples to Tripoli.<ref>[http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4103-30MAR01.htm Royal Navy, World War 2, March 1941<!-- Title generated automatically -->].</ref>

In June&nbsp;1941, ''Giuseppe Dezza'' returned to Messina as her base. From Messina, she carried out escort and patrol duties in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea and along the coast of Sicily, but also made trips as far as Tripoli and [[Benghazi]] on the coast of [[Italian Libya|Libya]].<ref name="gravitazero"/> On 19&nbsp;August&nbsp;1941, she joined the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Alfredo Oriani||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Nicoloso da Recco||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ugolino Vivaldi||2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Vincenzo Gioberti||2}} in escorting the troopships  {{SS|Esperia||2}}, ''Marco Polo'',  {{SS|Neptunia||2}}, and {{SS|Oceania||2}} on a voyage to Tripoli. On 20&nbsp;August, the troopships avoided an attack by the British submarine {{HMS|Unbeaten}}, which ''Vincenzo Gioberti'' and the destroyer {{ship|Italian destroyer|Antonio da Noli||2}} unsuccessfully attempted to counterattack, but the British submarine {{HMS|Unique|N95|6}} then [[torpedo]]ed ''Esperia'', which sank at {{coord|33|03|N|013|03|E|name=''Esperia''}} with the loss of 31 lives. ''Giuseppe Dezza'' took part in rescue efforts, which succeeded in saving 1,139 men.<ref name="gravitazero"/><ref>[http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4108-35AUG02.htm Russian convoy "Dervish" August 1941<!-- Title generated automatically -->]</ref>

During 1942, ''Giuseppe Dezza'' was painted in [[camouflage]] colors.<ref name="gravitazero"/> On 16&nbsp;December&nbsp;1942, she took under tow the destroyer ''Carabiniere'', whose [[Bow (ship)|bow]] had been blown off by a submarine's torpedo.<ref>[http://www.trentoincina.it/dbunita2.php?short_name=Dezza Trentoincina<!-- Title generated automatically -->] (in Italian).</ref><ref>[http://www.trentoincina.it/dbunita2.php?short_name=Carabiniere Trentoincina<!-- Title generated automatically -->] (in Italian).</ref>

In January&nbsp;1943, ''Giuseppe Dezza'' received a commendation from the chief of staff of the ''Regia Marina'' following a convoy escort mission.<ref name="gravitazero"/> During the same month, she provided assistance to the destroyer {{ship|Italian destroyer|Maestrale||2}}, seriously damaged by a [[Naval mine|mine]].<ref name="gravitazero"/>

Allied forces [[Allied invasion of Sicily|invaded Sicily]] in July&nbsp;1943, culminating in the fall of Messina to them in August&nbsp;1943, forcing ''Giuseppe Dezza'' to abandon her base. She redeployed to Brindisi<ref name="gravitazero"/> and was assigned to the 3rd Torpedo Boat Group in the [[Ionian Sea|Ionian]] and Lower Adriatic Maritime Military Department along with ''Giuseppe&nbsp;Cesare&nbsp;Abba'' and the torpedo boats {{nowrap|''[[Italian destroyer Agostino Bertani|Enrico Cosenz]]'', {{ship|Italian destroyer|Francesco&nbsp;Stocco||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Giuseppe&nbsp;Missori||2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Giuseppe&nbsp;Sirtori||2}}.<ref>[http://xoomer.virgilio.it/ramius/Militaria/regia_marina_8_settembre_1943.html La Regia Marina all'8 settembre 1943] (in Italian).</ref>}} She subsequently moved to [[Rijeka|Fiume]], where she entered a shipyard for repairs.<ref name="gravitazero"/> 

On 8&nbsp;September&nbsp;1943, the Kingdom of Italy announced an [[Armistice of Cassibile|armistice]] with the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] and [[Kingdom of the South|switched sides]] in the war, prompting [[Nazi Germany]] to begin [[Operation Achse]], the disarmament by force of the Italian armed forces and the occupation of those portions of Italy not yet under Allied control. Immobilized at the shipyard, ''Giuseppe Dezza'' was unable to get underway to avoid capture, so her crew [[sabotage]]d her on 11&nbsp;September&nbsp;1943.<ref name="gravitazero"/> Her crew then joined crewmen from other Italian ships and about 1,000 Italian [[Royal Italian Army|Royal Army]] soldiers aboard the [[Motor vessel|motor ship]] {{MS|Leopardi||2}}, which departed Fiume in an attempt to reach an Allied-controlled port. Two German motor torpedo boats intercepted ''Leopardi'', however, and forced her to proceed to German-controlled [[Venice]].<ref name="gravitazero"/>

''Giuseppe Dezza''′s commanding officer was interned at a [[prisoner-of-war camp]] at [[Przemysl]], [[Poland]], where the Germans held thousands of Italian military personnel after the armistice of 8&nbsp;September&nbsp;1943. He had smuggled ''Giuseppe Dezza''′s flag into the camp with him. In a clandestine ceremony the Italians held at the camp, hundreds of [[cavalry]] ''sottotenenti'' ([[sublieutenant]]s) of the [[Pinerolo School]], captured before they could take their oath at the end of the course, swore loyalty to [[King of Italy|King]] [[Victor Emmanuel III]] of Italy, kissing a corner of the flag while it was in the hands of a ''Collonello'' ([[Colonel]]) de Michelis.<ref>"''Militari caduti nei Lager nazisti di prigionia e di sterminio''," General Commissariat of Honors for the Fallen, Italian [[Ministry of Defence (Italy)|Ministry of Defence]], [[Rome]], 1975, pp. 79–80, 93–94 (in Italian).</ref>

During World War II, ''Giuseppe Dezza'' had conducted 174 convoy escort missions and 27 anti-submarine patrols.<ref name="gravitazero"/>

====German service, 1943–1944====
The Germans captured ''Giuseppe Dezza'', and she was repaired at the ''[[Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico]]'' of [[Trieste]]. With repairs complete, the ship entered service in the German ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' on 9&nbsp;June&nbsp;1944 as ''TA35''. ''TA35'' became part of the 2nd Naval Escort [[Flotilla]] based at Fiume and performed escort duty along the coast of [[Dalmatia]].<ref name="gravitazero"/> At 04:58 on 17&nbsp;August&nbsp;1944, ''TA35 '' struck a mine while steaming in the [[Fasana Channel]] on the Pola–[[Rovinj]] route. She broke in two and sank quickly<ref name="gravitazero"/> at {{coord|41|53|N|013|47|E|name=''TA35''}}<ref>[http://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=62674 Italian Pilade Bronzetti / Giuseppe Dezza (DZ), German TA 35 - Warships 1900-1950<!-- Title generated automatically -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123918/http://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=62674 |date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> with the loss of 71 members of her crew.<ref name="gravitazero"/>

====Wreck====
Some sources erroneously claim that ''TA35'' was refloated, sunk again at Trieste during an air attack while undergoing repairs, and then scrapped. However, her wreck remains in place, lying on a muddy [[seabed]] in {{convert|35|m|0}} of water.<ref name="gravitazero"/> It is broken in two.<ref name="gravitazero"/> The bow section lies on its side about {{convert|200|m|yd|sigfig=2}} from the [[stern]] section, which is upright.<ref name="gravitazero"/>

==References==
{{commons category|Pilade Bronzetti (ship, 1915)|Italian destroyer Pilade Bronzetti}}
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book
  |first=Franco
  |last=Favre
  |title=La Marina nella Grande Guerra. Le operazioni navali, aeree, subacquee e terrestri in Adriatico
  |trans-title=
  |language=it
    }}
* {{cite book|last=Fraccaroli|first=Aldo|title=Italian Warships of World War 1|year=1970|publisher=Ian Allan|location=London|isbn=0-7110-0105-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Fraccaroli|first=Aldo|chapter=Italy|pages=252–290|editor1-last=Gray|editor1-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-0-87021-907-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M.J.|title=Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia |year=2000|publisher=Cassell & Co|location=London|isbn=1-85409-521-8}}

==External links==
*[https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RN_Bronzetti.jpg Photo of ''Pilade Bronzetti''] at [[Italian Wikipedia]]
*[https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Giuseppe_Dezza.jpg Photo of ''Giuseppe Dezza''] at Italian Wikipedia
*[https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Torpediniera_TA35.jpg Photo of ''TA35''] at Italian Wikipedia

{{Rosolino Pilo class destroyer}}
{{1920 shipwrecks}}
{{August 1944 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pilade Bronzetti}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Italian destroyer ''Pilade Bronzetti''}}
[[Category:Rosolino Pilo-class destroyers| ]]
[[Category:1915 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built by Cantieri navali Odero]]
[[Category:World War I destroyers of Italy]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1920]]
[[Category:World War II torpedo boats of Italy]]
[[Category:World War II torpedo boats of Germany]]
[[Category:Naval ships of Italy captured by Germany during World War II]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in August 1944]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by mines]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Adriatic Sea]]

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