View source for HMS Active (H14)

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{{short description|A-class destroyer}}
{{other ships|HMS Active}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2017}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=HMS Active (H14).jpg
|Ship caption=''Active'' in 1944
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name=HMS ''Active''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]], [[Hebburn]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/A-Ships/active1930.html|title=HMS Active (H14)|publisher=www.tynebuiltships.co.uk|access-date=16 Mar 2017}}</ref>
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=557
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=10 July 1928
|Ship launched= 9 July 1929
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=9 Jan 1930
|Ship commissioned=9 Feb 1930
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=20 May 1947
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]]: H14
|Ship fate=Sold for scrap, 1947
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=(as built)
|Ship class={{sclass2|A|destroyer|||1929}}
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|1350|LT|t}} ([[Standard displacement|standard]])
*{{convert|1773|LT|t}} ([[deep load]])
|Ship length={{convert|323|ft|m|abbr=on}} ([[Length overall|o/a]])
|Ship beam={{convert|32|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|12|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=*{{convert|34000|shp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}}
*3 × [[Admiralty 3-drum boiler]]s
|Ship propulsion=2 × shafts; 2 × geared [[steam turbine]]s
|Ship speed={{convert|35|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|4800|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|15|kn}}
|Ship complement=134; 140 (1940)
|Ship armament=
*4 × single [[4.7 inch QF Mark IX|4.7&nbsp;in (120&nbsp;mm) guns]]
*2 × single [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2-pdr (40&nbsp;mm)]] [[AA gun]]s
*2 × quadruple [[British 21-inch torpedo|21&nbsp;in (533&nbsp;mm)]] [[torpedo tubes]]
*6 × [[depth charge]]s, 3 chutes
}}
|}

'''HMS ''Active''''', the tenth ''Active'', launched in 1929, was an {{sclass2|A|destroyer (1929)|0}} [[destroyer]]. She served in the [[World War II|Second World War]], taking part in the sinking of four submarines. She was broken up in 1947.

==Construction and design==
''Active'' was ordered on 6 March 1928 as a part of the first class of destroyers for the Royal Navy to be built after the [[World War I|First World War]].<ref name="Amaz p15">English 1993, p. 15.</ref> The ship was laid down on 10 July 1928 at [[Hawthorn Leslie]] in Hebburn, [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], was launched on 9 July 1929 and commissioned on 9 February 1930 with the pennant number H14,<ref name="Whit p97">Whitley 2000, p. 97.</ref> being the first of the A class to be completed.<ref name="Whit p98">Whitley 2000, p. 98.</ref>

Like the rest of the A class, ''Active'' had a main gun armament of four {{convert|4.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} guns on low angle (30 degree) mounts that were only suitable for anti-ship use, and an anti-aircraft armament of two [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-poms"]]. Eight {{convert|21|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes were carried on two quadruple mounts, with [[British 21 inch torpedo#21 inch Mark V|Mark V]] torpedoes carried.<ref name="Whit p98"/><ref name="conways47 p37-8">Gardiner and Chesneau 1980, pp. 37–38.</ref> No [[sonar]] set was initially fitted, although provision was made to fit one later, while anti-submarine armament consisted of three depth charge chutes with six depth charges carried. High speed minesweeping equipment was also fitted.<ref name="fried p197-8">Friedman 2009, pp. 197–198.</ref>

The ship was powered by two Parsons geared [[steam turbine]]s fed by three Admiralty 3-drum boilers. The machinery generated {{convert|34000|shp}}, driving the ship to a design speed of {{convert|35.25|kn}},<ref name="Whit p97"/> although {{convert|36.73|kn}} were reached during trials in December 1929.<ref name="Whit p98"/>

==History==

===Pre-war operations===
Following commissioning, ''Active'' joined the [[Third Destroyer Flotilla]] as part of the [[Mediterranean Fleet]], remaining in the Mediterranean other than for refits until 1939. On 4 April 1932, ''Active'' was involved in a collision with fellow A-class destroyer {{HMS|Achates|H12|6}} off [[Saint-Tropez]], although damage was limited. ''Active'' patrolled off the coast of [[Mandatory Palestine|Palestine]] in response to the [[1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine|Arab revolt]] in June 1936, and following the outbreak of the [[Spanish Civil War]], patrolled off Spain from September 1936 to January 1937.<ref name="Amaz p20">English 1993, p. 20.</ref>

On 16 February 1937, ''Active'' collided with the destroyer {{HMS|Worcester|D96|6}} following failure of ''Active''{{'}}s steering gear at high speed. This time damage was more severe, and ''Active'' was under repair at [[Malta]] until June that year, when the ship joined the [[Second Destroyer Flotilla]]. ''Active'' served with the Second Flotilla until October 1938, when she went into reserve at Malta.<ref name="Amaz p20"/> ''Active'' recommissioned as a tender to {{HMS|Cormorant |1877|2}}, the receiving ship at [[Gibraltar]].<ref name="Amaz p20"/>

===Second World War===
At the beginning of the Second World War she joined the [[13th Destroyer Flotilla]] based in Gibraltar and in June 1940 joined [[Force H]]. As such she took part in [[Operation Catapult]] against the French fleet in [[Mers El Kébir]].<ref name="Amaz p20"/> On 31 July ''Active'' set out from Gibraltar as part of Force H for [[Operation Hurry]] in which the aircraft carrier {{HMS|Ark Royal|91|2}}'s aircraft attacked [[Cagliari]] in Italy as a diversion while the carrier {{HMS|Argus|I49|2}} ferried 12 [[Hawker Hurricane]] fighter aircraft to Malta.<ref>Rohwer and Hümmelchen 1992, p. 30.</ref> In August 1940, she returned to British waters, joining the [[12th Destroyer Flotilla]] for operations in the [[Western Approaches]] and with the [[Home Fleet]]. From November 1940 to March 1941 ''Active'' was refitted at [[Liverpool]].<ref name="Amaz p20"/>

After completing this refit, ''Active'' joined the [[3rd Destroyer Flotilla]] of the Home Fleet,<ref name="Amaz p20"/> and in May 1941 the ship participated in the hunt for the German battleship {{ship|German battleship|Bismarck||2}}.<ref name="Amaz p20"/><ref>Rohwer and Hümmelchen 1992, p. 63.</ref>

In 1942 she participated in the [[Madagascar]] landings ([[Operation Ironclad]]) during which on 8 May she sank the [[Vichy French]] submarine {{ship|French submarine|Monge|Q144|2}}.

Later while being based in [[Cape Town]] on 8 October she sank the German submarine {{GS|U-179||2}} ''en route'' to [[Penang]].

During the rest of the war the ship served as escort mainly between [[Great Britain]] and [[Sierra Leone]] after receiving increased anti-aircraft and anti-submarine armament. On 23 May 1943, she sank the Italian submarine {{ship|Italian submarine|Leonardo da Vinci|1939|2}} with all hands lost west of [[Cape Finisterre]] together with the frigate {{HMS|Ness|K219|6}} and on 2 November 1943 sank {{GS|U-340||2}} close to [[Tangier]]. 

In May 1947 ''Active'' was decommissioned and sold for scrap.

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book|last=Blair|first=Clay|title=Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted, 1942–1945|year=2000|publisher=Modern Library|location=New York|isbn=0-679-64033-9}}
* {{Cite Colledge2006}}
* {{cite book|last=English|first=John|title=Amazon to Ivanhoe: British Standard Destroyers of the 1930s|year=1993|publisher=World Ship Society|location=Kendal, England|isbn=0-905617-64-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers From Earliest Days to the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2009|isbn=978-1-59114-081-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Haarr|first=Geirr H.|title=The Battle for Norway: April – June 1940|year=2010|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-59114-051-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Haarr|first=Geirr H.|title=The German Invasion of Norway, April 1940|year=2009|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-59114-310-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/germaninvasionof00geir}}
* {{cite book |last=Hodges |first=Peter |author2=Friedman, Norman |title=Destroyer Weapons of World War 2 |year=1979 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=Greenwich |isbn=978-0-85177-137-3 }}
* {{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H. T.|title=British & Empire Warships of the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1998|isbn=1-55750-048-7}}
* {{cite book|last=March|first=Edgar J.|title=British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953; Drawn by Admiralty Permission From Official Records & Returns, Ships' Covers & Building Plans|year=1966|publisher=Seeley Service|location=London |OCLC=164893555}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Shores |first1=Christopher |last2=Massimello |first2=Giovanni |last3=Guest |first3=Russell |last4=Olynyk |first4=Frank |last5=Bock |first5=Winfried |last6=Thormas |first6=Andy |title=A History of the Mediterranean Air War 1940–1945: Volume Four: Sicily and Italy to the Fall of Rome: 14 May, 1943 –5 June, 1944 |year=2018 |location=London |publisher=Grub Street |isbn=978-1-911621-10-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1988|isbn=0-87021-326-1|location=Annapolis, Maryland|author-link=Michael J. Whitley}}
* {{cite book|last=Winser|first=John de D.|title=B.E.F. Ships Before, At and After Dunkirk|publisher=World Ship Society|location=Gravesend, Kent|year=1999|isbn=0-905617-91-6}}

==External links==
* [http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-13A-Active.htm HMS Active at naval-history]

{{A class destroyer}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Active (H14)}}
[[Category:A- and B-class destroyers]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Tyne]]
[[Category:1929 ships]]
[[Category:World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

French submarine Monge (Q144) (edit)
German battleship Bismarck (view source) (semi-protected)
German submarine U-179 (edit)
German submarine U-340 (edit)
HMCS Saguenay (D79) (edit)
HMCS Skeena (D59) (edit)
HMS Acasta (H09) (edit)
HMS Achates (H12) (edit)
HMS Acheron (H45) (edit)
HMS Antelope (H36) (edit)
HMS Anthony (H40) (edit)
HMS Ardent (H41) (edit)
HMS Argus (I49) (edit)
HMS Ark Royal (91) (edit)
HMS Arrow (H42) (edit)
HMS Basilisk (H11) (edit)
HMS Beagle (H30) (edit)
HMS Blanche (H47) (edit)
HMS Boadicea (H65) (edit)
HMS Boreas (H77) (edit)
HMS Brazen (H80) (edit)
HMS Brilliant (H84) (edit)
HMS Bulldog (H91) (edit)
HMS Codrington (D65) (edit)
HMS Cormorant (1877) (edit)
HMS Keith (edit)
HMS Ness (K219) (view source)
HMS Worcester (D96) (edit)
Italian submarine Leonardo da Vinci (1939) (edit)
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