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{{Infobox train
| background = blue
| name = NDJ<small>3</small>
| image = S2-Line DMU at Chinglungchiao.JPG
| caption = A NDJ<small>3</small> approaching [[Qinglongqiao railway station]]
| interiorimage = Harmony Great Wall Train NDJ3.jpg
| interiorcaption = the buffet car, fitted with panoramic windows
| factory = [[CRRC Nanjing Puzhen]]<br/>[[CRRC Qishuyan]]
| yearservice = 2008
| numberbuilt = 9
| numberservice = 9
| formation = M-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-M (China Railway)<br/>M-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-M (Nigerian Railway)
| operator = [[Beijing Suburban Railway]]<br/>[[Nigerian Railway Corporation]]
| trainlength = {{convert|220.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|3.105|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|4.433|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| wheeldiameter = {{convert|1.05|m|in|abbr=on}}(power car, new)<br/>{{convert|970|mm|in|abbr=on}} (trailer, new)
| maxspeed = {{cvt|160|km/h|mph}}
| axleload = 21 tons
| traction = eight 530 kW
| engine = two 12V280ZJ
| enginetype = diesel
| traction motors = ZD106
| poweroutput = 3530 kW
| tractiveeffort = 4240 kW
| transmission = AC–DC
| acceleration = {{cvt|1.368|km/h/s}} (starting)
| aarwheels = A1A-A1A
| gauge = {{Track gauge|1435 mm}}
}}The '''NDJ<sub>3</sub> "[[Great Wall of China|Great Wall]]"''', previously labeled the "Harmony Great Wall" is the only [[higher-speed rail|higher-speed]] [[diesel multiple unit]] that is still operating in [[Rail transport in China|China]]. It was first designed to be used for passenger transport in the 2008 Olympics, and has become a mature technology platform with export orders to Nigeria despite initial flaws related to overheating of electrical cables in the power car.

== Description ==
To fulfil the need for passenger transport between [[Beijing]] and [[Badaling]] during the [[2008 Summer Olympics]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-18|title=New Lagos-Ibadan Trains And Their Specs|url=https://africatodaynewsonline.com/2019/10/18/new-lagos-ibadan-trains-and-their-specs/|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Africa Today News|language=en-US}}</ref> the [[Ministry of Railways (China)|Ministry of Railways]] ordered four NDJ<sub>3</sub> DMU trains,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=方|first1=皎波|last2=王|first2=龙|last3=臧|first3=坚东|date=July 2014|title=NDJ_3型"和谐长城"号内燃动车|journal=铁道机车与动车|volume=485|pages=27–29}}</ref> with the numbering NDJ<sub>3</sub> 0001-0004. All of them are with [[China Railway Beijing Group|Beijing Bureau, Beijing sector]] Nanko depot, operating on [[Line S2 (BCR)|Line S2]] between [[Beijing North railway station|Beijing North station]] and [[Badaling railway station|Badaling station]] via [[Yanqing railway station|Yanqing station]], with a later addition of another service from Beijing North to [[Shacheng railway station|Shacheng station]]. These sets was the first diesel multiple units designed in China with the ability to negotiate ≥33‰ gradient and a curve of {{Cvt|180|m|ftin}}, optimised for the steeper gradient of the S2 line, although this gearing for steeper lines also reduced the maximum speed from {{Cvt|180 to 160|km/h}}, although they could be easily geared for higher speeds.<ref name=":1" />

The NDJ<sub>3</sub> is developed from the [[NZJ1|NZJ<sub>1</sub> "Xinshuguang"]] with a similar 2M7T layout where motor cars are diesel locomotives located on either end in a [[Push–pull train|push–pull]] configuration, while also drawing from the experience of [[DF11]] and DF11G locomotives.<ref name=":1" /> The [[CRRC Qishuyan|Qishuyan]] designed locomotives are fitted with a diesel-electric drive, generating AC which is then converted to DC for the traction motors. The main generator is supplemented by an auxiliary generator, which provides power to the passenger cabins. The [[CRRC Nanjing Puzhen|Nanjing Puzhen]] designed passenger carriages are based on the [[China Railway Type 25T rolling stock|25T carriage]] while the exterior paint draws inspiration from the [[Hexie (train)|Harmony]] trains.<ref name=":0" /> The passenger carriages have wide doors, extra large sightseeing windows, rotatable seating, disabled toilets and other passenger amenities designed for increased passenger comfort.

=== Flaws ===
While running the [[Line S2 (BCR)|S2]] which has steep gradients, a burning smell was often noticed coming from the resistors that dissipate energy from braking. This was found to be the fault of cable 13, which heated up significantly in use. It was due to the design where the cable carries the power for both the [[Eddy current brake]] and the magnetic excitation for the 4th traction motor. The high temperatures poses a serious risk to safety, as it would degrad the cable faster, leading to a higher risk of fire, but also the risk of the brakes failing if the current is not supplied. At a speed of {{Cvt|28|km/h}} with the control lever on level 8 braking, the current exceeds the design limit by 1.72 times, and at around {{Cvt|33|km/h}} with 634 amps for the motor and 623 amps for the brake, the cable heats up to {{Cvt|55.4|C}}. To rectify this flaw, the cables for traction motor 4 were separated into separate cables for braking and motor power.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=闫|first1=克磊|last2=耿|first2=继武|last3=石|first3=万顺|last4=侯|first4=晓燕|date=November 2011|title=NDJ_3型动车组13号大线高温发热解决措施|journal=铁道机车与动车|volume=525|pages=34–35}}</ref> Nonetheless, it has not had any serious accidents, and the set was awarded first place in the 2009 Railway Technology prize.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NDJ3型准高速内燃动车_产品中心_机车新造_内燃动车组_南车戚墅堰机车有限公司|url=http://www.crrcgc.cc/qsy/g1105/s19319/t266369.aspx|access-date=2021-11-18|website=www.crrcgc.cc}}</ref>

== Service history ==

=== China ===
This train was put into operation on 6 August 2008 on [[Line S2 (BCR)|Line S2 of the BCR]]. Although it carried the name "Harmony Great Wall" ({{zh|c=和谐长城号}}),<ref>{{Cite web|title=刘志军检查即将投入运营的北京至延庆市郊铁路|url=http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2008-07/28/content_1057549.htm|access-date=2021-11-15|website=www.gov.cn}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> it does not actually belong to the [[Hexie (train)|Harmony]] series of trains. During their service, they have also occasionally been used on other lines.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=NDJ3动车组 - 动车组列车 - 中国动车组|url=https://www.china-emu.cn/EMUs/Model/?detail-27701-33-F.html|access-date=2021-11-16|website=www.china-emu.cn}}</ref>

At the end of 2017, Beijing bought two more sets for [[Huairou–Miyun line]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=常州市政府|date=2017-07-29|title=中车戚机公司研制新型内燃机车|url=http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1746330|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730160642/http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1746330|archive-date=2017-07-30|access-date=2017-07-30|publisher=常州发布}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NDJ3型内燃动车组交付 将投入在北京市郊铁路怀柔—密云线|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/www.sohu.com/a/204616579_180330|access-date=2021-11-18|website=www.sohu.com|language=en}}</ref> These sets, numbered NDJ<sub>3</sub> 0005-0007 have only second class seating and do not have a buffet car, significantly increasing the seating capacity. Line S2 was also supposed to receive another three sets, but they were never delivered for unknown reasons.<ref name=":0" />

From October 2019 onwards, the "Harmony" (Hexie) logos were gradually removed from the sets. These sets then carried only the "Great Wall" (Changchen) logos at the front.

=== Nigeria ===
In 2019, the [[Nigerian Railway Corporation]] ordered two sets, as part of the construction of standard gauge railways in the country, in an order with six [[China Railways DF11G|DF11G]], nine [[China Railways DF8|DF8]] and two DF7 locomotives. In Nigerian service, the sets are classed as CDD5E1. These sets differ with a lower speed at {{Cvt|150|km/h}}, USB charging and have an additional trailer with wheelchair parking, compared to the second series of NDJ<sub>3</sub> delivered to Beijing. These sets commenced service with the [[Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway|Lagos-Ibadan]] railway on 7 December 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NDJ3N动车组 - 动车组列车 - 中国动车组|url=https://www.china-emu.cn/EMUs/Model/?detail-27702-33-F.html|access-date=2021-11-16|website=www.china-emu.cn}}</ref>

== Set composition ==

=== Beijing Suburban Railway ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: small;"
!Numbering
|NDJ3 0001/2/3/4<sub>A/B</sub>
|1
|2
|3
|4
|5
|6
|7
|NDJ3 0001/2/3/4<sub>B/A</sub>
|-
! style="width: 10%;" |Car type
|motor car
| colspan="3" |RZ1 25DT
first class seat
|CA 25DT
buffet car (bar layout)
| colspan="3" |RZ2 25DT
second class seat
|motor car
|-
!Traction
|A1A-A1A
| colspan="7" |/
|A1A-A1A
|-
!Wheel
configuration
|●〇● ●〇●
| colspan="7" |〇〇 〇〇
|●〇● ●〇●
|-
! style="width: 10%;" |Seats
|/
|64
|60
|64
|32
|74
|70
|74
|/
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: small;"
!Numbering
|NDJ3 0005/6/7<sub>A/B</sub>
|1
|2
|3
|4
|5
|6
|7
|NDJ3 0005/6/7<sub>B/A</sub>
|-
! style="width: 10%;" |Car
type
|motor car
| colspan="7" |RZ2 25DT
second class seat
|motor car
|-
! style="width: 10%;" |Traction
|A1A-A1A
| colspan="7" |/
|A1A-A1A
|-
!Wheel
configuration
|●〇● ●〇●
| colspan="7" |〇〇 〇〇
|●〇● ●〇●
|-
!Seats
|/
| colspan="7" |114
|/
|}

== See also ==
* [[:zh:NYJ1型柴油动车组|China Railway NYJ1]]
* [[:zh:新曙光號NZJ1型柴油動車組|China Railway NZJ1 "New Dawn"]]
* [[:zh:神州號NZJ2型柴油動車組|China Railway NZJ2 "Shenzhou"]] / [[:zh:金輪號NZJ2型柴油動車組|"Jinlun"]]
* [[China Railway CR200J]]

== References ==
<references />{{commons category|China Railways NDJ3}}{{Multiple units of China Railway}}
[[Category:Diesel multiple units of China]]
[[Category:Diesel multiple units with locomotive-like power cars]]
[[Category:CRRC multiple units]]
[[Category:Rolling stock of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 2008]]

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