藍

藍 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+14 in Chinese and Korean, 艸+15 in Japanese, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 17 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 廿尸戈廿 (TSIT) or 廿尸一廿 (TSMT), four-corner 4410₇, composition ⿱艹監)

• 灆 礷 㘕 𢹹 𣠩(𣞎) 𤓆 𤼓 𥍍 𧕭 𧟋 𧾲 𨰗 𩟺 𩽭 𪈭 𫲝 𭐌

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1064, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32258
• Dae Jaweon: page 1528, character 35
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3311, character 8
• Unihan data for U+85CD

• Unihan data for U+F923

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese.

Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).

藍

1. blue

   藍色／蓝色  ―  lánsè  ―  blue color

2. indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria)

   • 青，取之於藍，而青於藍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Qīng, qǔ zhī yú lán, ér qīng yú lán. [Pinyin]

     Blue is obtained from the indigo plant but is bluer than the plant itself.

3. (politics) related to the pro-unification pan-Blue coalition of Taiwan
4. (HK politics) supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government

   Antonym: 黃／黄 (huáng)

5. (literary) Short for 伽藍／伽蓝 (qiélán, “Buddhist temple”).

   名藍／名蓝  ―  mínglán  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

6. a surname: Lan

   藍玉／蓝玉  ―  Lán Yù  ―  Lan Yu (Ming dynasty general)

• (indigo plant): 蓼藍／蓼蓝 (liǎolán)

• (supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government) 藍絲／蓝丝 (lánsī)

Others:

• → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ŋglam ~ ŋgram (“indigo”)
  • White Hmong: nkaj
• → Proto-Tai: *g.raːmᴬ (“indigo”)
  • Thai: คราม (kraam)
  • Lao: ຄາມ (khām)
  • Zhuang: gyaemq (“purple-red”)
• → Proto-Tai: *kromꟲ (“indigo”)
  • Thai: ฮ่อม (hɔ̂ɔm)
  • Zhuang: romj, goromj
• →? Proto-Vietic: *ɟaːm (“indigo”)
  • Muong: chàm
  • Vietnamese: chàm
• → Khmer: ត្រុំ (trom)
• → Zhuang: lamz

(Jōyō kanji)

1. the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria
2. the color indigo
3. kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit

• Go-on: らん (ran, Jōyō)^{←らん (ran, historical)←らむ (ramu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: らん (ran, Jōyō)^{←らん (ran, historical)←らむ (ramu, ancient)}
• Kun: あい (ai, 藍, Jōyō)^{←あゐ (awi, あゐ, historical)}

/awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *awoy.

There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation, all suggesting a relation to 青 (awo → ao, “blue”):

• May be an alteration from 青色 (awoiro → aoiro):

  ⟨awoiro₂⟩ → /awoirə/ → /awɨrə/ → /airo/ → /ai/

• May be a fusion of 青 (awo → ao) and い (i, emphatic particle)^[1]

  */awo i/ → */awɨ/ → */awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

• May be derived from a compound of 青 (awo → ao) +‎ 居 (wi → i, “there is”), expressing the sense that the indigo plant contains the color blue:

  /awowi/ → */awːɨ/ → /awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

• (Tokyo) あい [áꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2][3][4]
• IPA^(key): [a̠i]

藍(あい) or 藍(アイ) • (ai) ^{←あゐ (awi) or アヰ (awi)?}

1. the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria

   Synonyms: 藍蓼 (aitade), 蓼藍 (tade-ai)

   Hypernym: 蓼 (tade)

2. the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants

   Synonyms: 藍色 (aiiro, ranshoku), インジゴ (injigo), インディゴ (indigo)

3. Short for 藍蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as アイ.

• 青(あお)は藍(あい)より出(い)でて藍(あい)より青(あお)し (ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi)

藍(あい) • (Ai) ^{←あゐ (Awi)?}

1. a female given name
2. a surname

• Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

• Entry at Nihonjiten (in Japanese)

藍 (eumhun 쪽 람 (jjok ram), word-initial (South Korea) 쪽 남 (jjok nam))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

藍: Hán Nôm readings: lam, chàm, rôm, rườm, trôm, xám

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• Nôm Foundation