檀

Translingual

Han character

檀 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 木卜田一 (DYWM), four-corner 4091₆, composition ⿰木亶)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 555, character 39
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15632
Dae Jaweon: page 945, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1305, character 1
Unihan data for U+6A80

Chinese

simp. and trad.		檀
2nd round simp.		枟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 檀
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (旦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
皽	tjaʀ, tanʔ, *tjanʔ
担	*taːnʔ
胆	daːn, daːn
疸	taːnʔ, taːns
觛	taːnʔ, taːns, *daːnʔ
亶	*taːnʔ
嬗	taːnʔ, tʰaːn, *djans
笪	taːnʔ, taːns, *taːd
狚	taːnʔ, taːns, *taːd
旦	*taːns
鴠	*taːns
譠	tʰaːn, rteːn
坦	*tʰaːnʔ
但	daːn, daːnʔ, *daːns
檀	*daːn
壇	*daːn
儃	daːn, djan
驙	daːn, tan
袒	daːnʔ, rdeːns
襢	daːnʔ, tanʔ, *tans
繵	*daːnʔ
膻	*daːnʔ
澶	daːns, djan
邅	tan, danʔ, *dans
鱣	*tan
饘	tjan, tjanʔ
旜	*tjan
氈	*tjan
鸇	*tjan
顫	*tjans
蟺	*djanʔ
擅	*djans
羶	*hljan
呾	taːd, ʔraːd
怛	*taːd
妲	*taːd
靼	taːd, tjad
炟	*taːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn) : semantic 木 + phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tán (tan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taan⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thàn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tân / tôaⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): tang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tán
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tán
  - Wade–Giles: tʻan²
  - Yale: tán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
  - Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: taan⁴
  - Yale: tàahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: tan^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tan²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰan¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tân
  - Tâi-lô: tân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: daan
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tan¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tôaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tuânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dvoaa
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuã¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tuã²⁴/

Note:

tân - literary;
tôaⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: tang⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dan

Rime
Character	檀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒干切
Baxter	dan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dan/
Li Rong	/dɑn/
Wang Li	/dɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*daːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	檀
Reading #	1/1
No.	2062
Phonetic component	旦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	壇
Old Chinese	/*daːn/

Definitions

檀

Name of several kind of plants, including:
1. 紫檀 (zǐtán, “Pterocarpus indicus”)
2. 青檀 (“Pteroceltis tatarinowii”)
3. 黃檀／黄檀 (huángtán, “Dalbergia hupeana”)
4. Short for 旃檀 (“Santalum album”), also known as 檀香 (tánxiāng)
purple-red
a surname

Compounds

伐檀
印度黃檀／印度黄檀 (Yìndù huángtán)
層檀／层檀 (Céngtán)
旃檀 (zhāntán)
栴檀 (zhāntán)
檀信 (tánxìn)
檀口
檀弓
檀施 (tánshī)
檀暈妝／檀晕妆
檀木靴
檀林
檀板 (tánbǎn)
檀槽
檀檀 (Tántán)
檀欒／檀栾
檀溪 (Tánxī)
檀粉
檀越 (tányuè)
檀車／檀车
檀那 (tánnà)
檀郎
檀郎謝女／檀郎谢女
檀香 (tánxiāng)
檀香山 (Tánxiāng Shān)
檀香扇
欃檀
毚檀
白檀 (báitán)
紫檀 (zǐtán)
邏逤檀／逻逤檀
阿檀
馬躍檀溪／马跃檀溪
黑檀木 (hēitánmù)

Japanese

Kanji

檀

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: だん (dan, 檀)
Kan-on: たん (tan, 檀)
Kun: まゆみ (mayumi, 檀)

Compounds

黒檀(こくたん) (kokutan)
紫檀(したん) (shitan)
白檀(びゃくだん) (byakudan): Indian sandalwood (Santalum album)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
檀
だん Jinmeiyō
goon

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [dã̠ɴ]

Noun

檀(だん) • (dan)

(Buddhism) Short for 檀那 (danna, “generosity, almsgiving”).

Proper noun

檀(だん) • (Dan)

a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
檀
たん Jinmeiyō
kan'on

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tã̠ɴ]

Noun

檀(たん) • (tan)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
檀
まゆみ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 檀 – see the following entry.

【真弓まゆみ】

[noun] 檀, マユミ, 万由三, 末由美, 麻由美: Hamilton's spindletree

[noun] 檀, 檀弓: bow made of the wood of Hamilton's spindletree

[noun] 檀: One type of color layering in traditional Japanese costume, with 蘇芳 (suō, “deep red”) on the outside and yellow on the inside. It is used mostly in the autumn.

Alternative spellings
マユミ, 万由三, 末由美, 麻由美, 檀弓

(This term, 檀, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 檀 (MC dan).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	딴 (Yale: ttàn)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ta̠n]
Phonetic hangul: [단]

Hanja

檀 (eumhun 박달나무 단 (bakdallamu dan))

hanja form^? of 단 (“birch tree”) [affix]
Synonyms: 橽, 樺
hanja form^? of 단 (“sandalwood tree”) [affix]
Synonyms: 栴, 楝, 栲, 栝
hanja form^? of 단 (“short for Dangun”) [affix]
hanja form^? of 단 (“dana (Buddhism)”) [affix]

Compounds

단가 (檀家, dan'ga, “household giving dana”)
단군 (檀君, Dan'gun, “Dangun”)
단궁 (檀弓, dan'gung, “birch bow”)
단기 (檀紀, dan'gi, “Dangun era”)
단도 (檀徒, dando, “those who give dana”)
단상 (檀像, dansang, “wooden Buddha”)
단시 (檀施, dansi, “dana”)
단목 (檀木, danmok, “birch”)
단향 (檀香, danhyang, “sandalwood”)
단향목 (檀香木, danhyangmok, “sandalwood”)
백단 (白檀, baekdan, “white sandalwood”)
자단 (紫檀, jadan, “rosewood”)
전단 (栴檀, jeondan, “sandalwood”)
진단 (震檀, Jindan, “Korea”)
흑단 (黑檀, heukdan, “black sandalwood”)
백단향 (白檀香, baekdanhyang, “white sandalwood”)
경지전단 (瓊枝旃檀, gyeongjijeondan, “virtuous man of talent”)
단군왕검 (檀君王儉, Dan'gunwanggeom, “Dangun”)

Vietnamese

Han character

檀: Hán Nôm readings: đàn, trầm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.