構造

See also: 构造

Chinese

		Broussonetia papyrifera; to construct; to form Broussonetia papyrifera; to construct; to form; to make up; to compose	to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture
trad. (構造)		構	造
simp. (构造)		构	造

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gòuzào

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˋ ㄗㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kau³ zou⁶ / gau³ zou⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiò-chǒ / kò͘-chō

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gòuzào
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˋ ㄗㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gòuzào
  - Wade–Giles: kou⁴-tsao⁴
  - Yale: gòu-dzàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gowtzaw
  - Palladius: гоуцзао (gouczao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kau³ zou⁶ / gau³ zou⁶
  - Yale: kau jouh / gau jouh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kau³ dzou⁶ / gau³ dzou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: keo³ zou⁶ / geo³ zou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯³³ t͡sou̯²²/, /kɐu̯³³ t͡sou̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiò-chǒ
  - Tâi-lô: kiò-tsǒ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡so²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-chō
  - Tâi-lô: kòo-tsō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: korzoi
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡so³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡so²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɤ³³/

Noun

構造

structure; construction (Classifier: 個／个 m)

Synonyms

edit

佈局／布局 (bùjú)
建築／建筑 (jiànzhù) (figurative)
架構／架构 (jiàgòu)
框架 (kuàngjià)
構成／构成 (gòuchéng)
構架／构架 (gòujià)
組成／组成 (zǔchéng)
結構／结构 (jiégòu)
骨 (figurative)
骨架 (gǔjià) (figurative)

Verb

構造

to build; to construct
(archaic) to fabricate; to concoct; to make up a false set of facts

Synonyms

(to build):

edit

修建 (xiūjiàn)
修築／修筑 (xiūzhù)
塑建 (sùjiàn)
建構／建构 (jiàngòu) (something abstract)
建築／建筑 (jiànzhù) (literally or figuratively)
建設／建设 (jiànshè)
建造 (jiànzào)
搭 (Hokkien)
搭建 (dājiàn)
搭蓋／搭盖 (dāgài) (a temporary structure)
搭設／搭设 (dāshè)
架構／架构 (jiàgòu)
構作／构作 (gòuzuò)
構建／构建 (gòujiàn) (something abstract)
構築／构筑 (gòuzhù)
營造／营造 (yíngzào)
版築／版筑 (bǎnzhù) (literary)
築／筑 (zhù) (literary, or in compounds)
築造／筑造 (zhùzào)
興修／兴修 (xīngxiū) (a large project)
興建／兴建 (xīngjiàn)
興築／兴筑 (xīngzhù) (literary)
起立 (qǐlì)

(to fabricate):

edit

假造 (jiǎzào)
偽造／伪造 (wěizào)
土統／土统 (Hokkien)
捏 (niē) (literary, or in compounds)
捏造 (niēzào)
杜撰 (dùzhuàn)
桶摃／桶𫼱 (Hokkien)
瞎編／瞎编 (xiābiān)
編製／编制 (biānzhì) (figurative)
編造／编造 (biānzào)
胡編／胡编 (húbiān)
臆造 (yìzào)
莫之莫捏 (Hokkien)
莫捏 (Hokkien)
虛構／虚构 (xūgòu)
造謠／造谣 (zàoyáo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (構造):

→ Japanese: 構造(こうぞう) (kōzō)
→ Korean: 구조(構造) (gujo)
→ Vietnamese: cấu tạo (構造)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
構	造
こう Grade: 5	ぞう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーぞー [kòózóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːzo̞ː]

Noun

構(こう)造(ぞう) • (kōzō)

structure; construction

Derived terms

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
構	造

Noun

構造 • (gujo) (hangeul 구조)

hanja form^? of 구조 (“structure”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
構	造

Noun

構造

chữ Hán form of cấu tạo (“composition, structure”).

Verb

構造

chữ Hán form of cấu tạo (“to compose, to construct”).

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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