кум
Eastern Mari
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Mari *kŭm, from Proto-Uralic *kolme. Cognate with Western Mari кым (kym).
Numeral
editкум • (kum) (long form/predicative кумыт)
30 | ||
[a], [b] ← 2 | 3 | 4 → [a], [b] |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: кум (kum), кумыт (kumyt) Ordinal: кумшо (kumšo) |
- three
- кум сутка
- kum sutka
- three days
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Russian кум (kum).
Noun
editкум • (kum)
- godfather
- father (of one's godchild)
- (figuratively) nepotism, favoritism/favouritism
- пашаште кум лийшаш огыл
- pašašte kum ĺijšaš ogyl
- you shouldn't show favoritism in work
Declension
editDeclension of кум | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
nominative | кум (kum) | кум-влак (kum-vlak) | ||
accusative | кумым (kumym) | кум-влакым (kum-vlakym) | ||
genitive | кумын (kumyn) | кум-влакын (kum-vlakyn) | ||
dative | кумлан (kumlan) | кум-влаклан (kum-vlaklan) | ||
comitative | кумге (kumge) | кум-влакге (kum-vlakge) | ||
comparative | кумла (kumla) | кум-влакла (kum-vlakla) | ||
inessive | кумышто (kumyšto) | кум-влакыште (kum-vlakyšte) | ||
illative (short) | кумыш (kumyš) | кум-влакыш (kum-vlakyš) | ||
illative (long) | кумышко (kumyško) | кум-влакышке (kum-vlakyške) | ||
lative | кумеш (kumeš) | кум-влакеш (kum-vlakeš) |
Possessed forms of кум | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
1st person | кумем (kumem) | кумна (kumna) | ||
2nd person | кумет (kumet) | кумда (kumda) | ||
3rd person | кумжо (kumžo) | кумышт (kumyšt) |
References
edit- J. Bradley et al. (2023) “кум”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
Kyrgyz
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *kum.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editкум • (kum) (Arabic spelling قۇم)
- sand (finely ground rock)
Declension
editsingular (жекелик) |
plural (көптөгөн) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (атооч) | кум kum |
кумдар kumdar |
genitive (илик) | кумдун kumdun |
кумдардын kumdardın |
dative (барыш) | кумга kumga |
кумдарга kumdarga |
accusative (табыш) | кумду kumdu |
кумдарды kumdardı |
locative (жатыш) | кумда kumda |
кумдарда kumdarda |
ablative (чыгыш) | кумдан kumdan |
кумдардан kumdardan |
possessive forms | ||
first-person singular (менин) | ||
nominative | кумум kumum |
кумдарым kumdarım |
genitive | кумумдун kumumdun |
кумдарымдын kumdarımdın |
dative | кумума kumuma |
кумдарыма kumdarıma |
accusative | кумумду kumumdu |
кумдарымды kumdarımdı |
locative | кумумда kumumda |
кумдарымда kumdarımda |
ablative | кумумдан kumumdan |
кумдарымдан kumdarımdan |
second-person singular informal (сенин) | ||
nominative | кумуң kumuŋ |
кумдарың kumdarıŋ |
genitive | кумуңдун kumuŋdun |
кумдарыңдын kumdarıŋdın |
dative | кумуңа kumuŋa |
кумдарыңа kumdarıŋa |
accusative | кумуңду kumuŋdu |
кумдарыңды kumdarıŋdı |
locative | кумуңда kumuŋda |
кумдарыңда kumdarıŋda |
ablative | кумуңдан kumuŋdan |
кумдарыңдан kumdarıŋdan |
second-person singular formal (сиздин) | ||
nominative | кумуңуз kumuŋuz |
кумдарыңыз kumdarıŋız |
genitive | кумуңуздун kumuŋuzdun |
кумдарыңыздын kumdarıŋızdın |
dative | кумуңузга kumuŋuzga |
кумдарыңызга kumdarıŋızga |
accusative | кумуңузду kumuŋuzdu |
кумдарыңызды kumdarıŋızdı |
locative | кумуңузда kumuŋuzda |
кумдарыңызда kumdarıŋızda |
ablative | кумуңуздан kumuŋuzdan |
кумдарыңыздан kumdarıŋızdan |
Macedonian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editкум • (kum) m (plural кумови, feminine кума, relational adjective кумов, diminutive кумче)
Declension
editDerived terms
editNogai
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Kazakh құм (qūm), Karakalpak qum, etc.
Noun
editкум • (qum)
Northern Altai
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Shor қум (qum), қумақ (qumaq), Khakas хум (xum), Chulym қум (qum), Western Yugur qum, Tuvan кум (kum), Tofa һум (hum), etc.
Noun
editкум • (kum)
See also
editReferences
edit- N. A. Baskakov, editor (1985), “кум, кубак, кувак”, in Severnyje Dialekty Altajskovo( Ojrotskovo) Jazyka- Dialekt Lebedinskix Tatar-čalkancev(kuu-kiži) [Northern Altai language-Dialect of Chelkan], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoj literatury, →ISBN
- N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “кубак”, in Severnyje dialekty Altajskovo (Ojrotskovo Jazyka- Dialekt kumandincev(Kumandin Kiži) [Northern Dialect of Altai -Kumandin Dialect(Kumandin kiži)], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoja literatury, →ISBN
Russian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”), from Balkan Vulgar Latin *cómmater, from Latin compater (“godfather”).
Noun
editкум • (kum) m anim (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural кумовья́, genitive plural кумовьёв, feminine кума́)
- godfather of one's child
- father of one's godchild
- (colloquial) a friend in high places, one's benefactor
- (criminal slang) security officer, detective
- (obsolete) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- кумовство́ (kumovstvó)
Related terms
edit- кума́ (kumá)
Descendants
edit- → Ingrian: kooma
See also
edit- крёстная мать (krjóstnaja matʹ)
- крёстная дочь (krjóstnaja dočʹ)
- крёстный оте́ц (krjóstnyj otéc)
- крёстный сын (krjóstnyj syn)
Further reading
edit- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кум”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кума”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Turkic; compare to Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Uzbek qum.
Noun
editкум • (kum) m inan (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́мы, genitive plural ку́мов)
- (geomorphology) erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)
Declension
editEtymology 3
editNoun
editкум • (kum) f anim pl
- genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin commater, see kmotra, kmotr in Czech.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editку̑м m (Latin spelling kȗm)
Declension
editFurther reading
edit- “кум” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوم (Turkish kum (“sand”)).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editку̏м m (Latin spelling kȕm)
Declension
editFurther reading
edit- “кум” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Southern Altai
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”). Cognate with Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Crimean Tatar qum, Kumyk хум (xum), Bashkir ҡом (qom), Tatar ком (qom), Azerbaijani qum, Turkish kum, Turkmen gum, Uzbek qum, Khakas хум (xum), Shor қум, Tuvan кум (kum), Western Yugur qum, etc.
Noun
editкум • (kum)
Synonyms
edit- кумак (kumak)
References
edit“кум”, in Grammatika Altajskovo Jazyka [Altaic language Grammar], Kazan: V universtiteskoj til, 1869, →ISBN
Tuvan
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”).
Noun
editUkrainian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Slavic *kumъ, back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”) (whence also кума́ (kumá)), from Balkan Vulgar Latin *cómmater, from Latin compater (“godfather”).
Noun
editкум • (kum) m pers (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́ми, genitive plural ку́мів, feminine кума́, relational adjective кумі́вський or ку́мів)
- godfather of one's child
- father of one's godchild
- (colloquial) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)
- (folk poetic) used as an epithet for a wolf
Declension
editRelated terms
edit- кумі́вство (kumívstvo)
See also
edit- хреще́на ма́ти (xreščéna máty)
- хреще́на дочка́ (xreščéna dočká)
- хреще́ний ба́тько (xreščényj bátʹko)
- хреще́ний син (xreščényj syn)
Further reading
edit- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кум”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 138
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “кум”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2015), “кум”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 6 (зга́га – ква́рта), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
Etymology 2
editAlternative forms
edit- кум-ку́м (kum-kúm)
Noun
editкум • (kum)
- sound of a frog, ribbit
Derived terms
edit- ку́мкати (kúmkaty)
Further reading
edit- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кум-кум”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 140
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “кум-кум”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2015), “кум2”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 6 (зга́га – ква́рта), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
Etymology 3
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
editкум • (kum) f pers pl
- genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)
- Eastern Mari terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Eastern Mari/um
- Rhymes:Eastern Mari/um/1 syllable
- Eastern Mari terms inherited from Proto-Mari
- Eastern Mari terms derived from Proto-Mari
- Eastern Mari terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Eastern Mari terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Eastern Mari lemmas
- Eastern Mari numerals
- Eastern Mari cardinal numbers
- Eastern Mari terms with usage examples
- Eastern Mari terms borrowed from Russian
- Eastern Mari terms derived from Russian
- Eastern Mari nouns
- mhr:Three
- Kyrgyz terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Kyrgyz terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Kyrgyz terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kyrgyz lemmas
- Kyrgyz nouns
- ky:Geology
- ky:Natural materials
- Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian 1-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian oxytone terms
- Rhymes:Macedonian/um
- Rhymes:Macedonian/um/1 syllable
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian nouns
- Macedonian masculine nouns
- Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови
- mk:Christianity
- mk:Marriage
- mk:Male people
- Nogai terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Nogai terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Nogai lemmas
- Nogai nouns
- Northern Altai terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Northern Altai terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Northern Altai lemmas
- Northern Altai nouns
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Russian terms derived from Latin
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian animate nouns
- ru:Male family members
- ru:Male people
- Russian colloquialisms
- ru:Crime
- Russian criminal slang
- Russian terms with obsolete senses
- Russian terms of address
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern c
- Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -ья
- Russian nouns with irregular plural stem
- Russian irregular nouns
- Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural
- Russian nouns with irregular genitive plural
- Russian nouns with irregular dative plural
- Russian nouns with irregular instrumental plural
- Russian nouns with irregular prepositional plural
- Russian terms borrowed from Turkic languages
- Russian terms derived from Turkic languages
- Russian inanimate nouns
- ru:Geomorphology
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a
- Russian non-lemma forms
- Russian noun forms
- ru:Christianity
- ru:Law enforcement
- ru:Landforms
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Latin
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Serbo-Croatian uncountable nouns
- sh:Christianity
- sh:Male family members
- sh:Male people
- sh:Marriage
- sh:Rocks
- Southern Altai terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Southern Altai terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Southern Altai lemmas
- Southern Altai nouns
- Tuvan terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Tuvan terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Tuvan lemmas
- Tuvan nouns
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Ukrainian terms derived from Latin
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian nouns
- Ukrainian masculine nouns
- Ukrainian personal nouns
- Ukrainian colloquialisms
- Ukrainian folk poetic terms
- Ukrainian poetic terms
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a
- Ukrainian onomatopoeias
- Ukrainian interjections
- Ukrainian non-lemma forms
- Ukrainian noun forms
- Ukrainian terms of address
- uk:Christianity
- uk:Male family members
- uk:Animal sounds
- uk:Male people
- uk:Wolves