Wikipedia

Patriots.eu

This article is about the political party. For the parliamentary group, see Patriots for Europe.

Patriots.eu (French: Patriotes.eu), formerly known as the Identity and Democracy Party (ID or ID Party) and the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom (MENF), is a nationalist,[1] right-wing populist[1] and Eurosceptic[2] European political party founded in 2014. Its Members of the European Parliament sat in the Europe of Nations and Freedom group from 2015 to 2019, then in the Identity and Democracy group between 2019 and 2024; following the 2024 European Parliament election, most of its MEPs sit within the Patriots for Europe group.

Patriots.eu
AbbreviationPatriots.eu
PresidentSantiago Abascal (ES)
Founded2014; 10 years ago (2014), as MENF
Headquarters75 Boulevard Haussmann,
75008 Paris, France
Think tankPatriots for Europe Foundation
Ideology
Political positionRight-wing[10] to far-right[16]
European Parliament group
Colours  Navy blue
European Parliament
72 / 720
European Council
1 / 27
European Commission
0 / 27
European
Lower Houses
280 / 6,312
European
Upper Houses
119 / 1,498
Website
patriots.eu Edit this at Wikidata

History

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2010s

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In the aftermath of the 2014 European Parliament election, parties affiliated with the European Alliance for Freedom unsuccessfully attempted to form a political group of the European Parliament.[17][18][19] After unsuccessfully forming a group, National Rally, Northern League, Freedom Party of Austria, Vlaams Belang and the Civic Conservative Party formed MENF.[20]

Later in 2014, they decided to create a new European-level structure, which became the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom. The Dutch Party for Freedom (PVV) chose not to participate in this pan-European party, as it declined to be funded by the European Union.[21] The Polish Congress of the New Right (KNP), initially claimed that it would be part of the new alliance, but was accused in a press release by the French National Rally of spreading false claims in the Polish and Austrian media.[22] Ultimately the KNP took part in the creation of the party's new parliamentary group as its former leader Janusz Korwin-Mikke was evicted from the party to be replaced by Michal Marusik.

It was recognised by the European Parliament (EP) in 2015. Its maximum grant by the EP for this year[when?] is €1,170,746[23] plus €621,677 for its affiliated political foundation, the Fondation pour une Europe des Nations et des Libertés.[24]

On 16 June 2015, the Europe of Nations and Freedom parliamentary group was created in the European Parliament with members of the MENF (RN, FPÖ, LN, VB) as well as the PVV, Poland's KNP and a former member of UKIP, Janice Atkinson.

The 1st congress of the movement was held on 28 June 2015 in Perpignan, France, gathering some MEPs from the National Rally as well as a few of its local and national representatives members; the objective of this meeting was mainly about making the 1st year of action of the National Rally's MEPs in review.[25]

On 15 September 2015, the Flemish Vlaams Belang (VB) and the movement organised a colloquium dealing with sovereignty which took place in the Flemish Parliament with VB's leader Tom Van Grieken, MEP Gerolf Annemans, VB's member Barbara Pas and National Rally's leader Marine Le Pen.[26] All of the Flemish parties approved Marine Le Pen's visit at the Flemish Parliament although the speaker of the Flemish Parliament Jan Peumans (N-VA) decided not to be part of this colloquium.[27]

On 21 November 2015, MENF's think tank "Foundation for a Europe of Nations and Freedom" organised a colloquium ("L'euro, un échec inéluctable?") dealing with Euro and how it might be an inescapable failure. Jacques Sapir took part in this colloquium among others. The FENF, chaired by Gerolf Annemans, organised another colloquium on 2 April 2016 in Paris dealing with union representation and the development of professional organisations in France.[28]

The third colloquium of the movement took place on 4 March 2016 in the Flemish Parliament with VB's leader Tom Van Grieken and PVV's leader Geert Wilders. This colloquium entitled "Freedom" ("Vrijheid") dealt with liberties in Europe and how they would be threatened by immigration from "countries with cultures which are fundamentally different [from the European ones]".[29]

The movement's member parties and allies met in July 2016 in Vienna, in an event hosted by Austria's FPÖ. The French National Rally, Matteo Salvini's Northern League, the German AfD, Belgium's Vlaams Belang and the Dutch Party for Freedom were present, among other independent politicians and smaller European parties.[30]

According to Politico, the movement owed in 2016 the European Parliament €535,818. The reasons given by Politico were the forbidden use of European grants by the MENF party to finance national political parties and referendum campaigns.[31] The party strongly denied these allegations by saying that they just had to give the unused EU funds back to the European Parliament.[32]

2020s

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In 2019, the party expanded by including the Estonian Conservative People's Party in February, We Are Family in March and the League in September. After the 2019 European Parliament election the party re-branded to the Identity and Democracy Party as the European political party for the Identity and Democracy Group in the Ninth European Parliament.

In July 2020 the Portuguese nationalist party, Chega joined.[33]

In July 2023, Alternative for Germany (AfD) officially joined the ID Party, having been a member of the ID EU Parliament Group since 2019.[34]

In January 2024, the Slovak National Party and the Bulgarian Revival joined the ID Party.[35] However, the latter soon left.[citation needed]

In June 2024, the AfD left the ID Party to pre-empt its expulsion.[36]

In August 2024, the ID Party renamed itself to Patriots.eu,[37][38] with a new manifesto issued.[39] The new statutes published by the European Parliament revealed that Vlaams Belang's Gerolf Annemans would continue as President, with the National Rally's Catherine Griset receiving the Treasurer position. Freedom and Direct Democracy and the Slovak National Party were no longer listed as members,[40] with the former instead joining Europe of Sovereign Nations.

In September 2024, the Hungarian Fidesz, the Greek Voice of Reason, the Spanish Vox and Czech ANO were announced as new members of Patriots.eu.[41]

At the Patriots.eu's general assembly in November 2024, Vox leader Santiago Abascal was elected the new president of the party, succeeding Gerolf Annemans, while the Polish National Movement and the Czech Přísaha and Motorists for Themselves parties were announced as new member parties.[42]

Platform

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The Patriots.eu's platform is based around building a Europe that is united, rejecting the complete dismantling of the European Union, however is critical of the current activities of the European Union which it accuses of being ultra-liberal and too bureaucratic. The party platform wishes to build a Europe that is composed of nations that maintain their sovereignty and identity.[43][non-primary source needed]

Membership

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Full members

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The following national delegations are part of the Patriots.eu:[44][20][45]
Country Party Leader Political group European Parliament[a] National lower houses National upper houses Position in national legislature
  Austria Freedom Party of Austria
Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) 		Herbert Kickl Patriots for Europe
6 / 20
58 / 183
10 / 61
 Opposition
  Belgium Flemish Interest
Vlaams Belang (VB) 		Tom Van Grieken Patriots for Europe
3 / 22
20 / 87
7 / 60
 Opposition
  Czech Republic ANO 2011
ANO 2011 (ANO) 		Andrej Babiš Patriots for Europe
7 / 21
71 / 200
12 / 81
 Opposition
Přísaha Civic Movement
Přísaha občanské hnutí (Přísaha) 		Róbert Šlachta Patriots for Europe
1 / 21
0 / 200
1 / 81
 Opposition
Motorists for Themselves
Motoristé sobě (AUTO) 		Petr Macinka Patriots for Europe
1 / 21
0 / 200
0 / 81
 Opposition
  Estonia Conservative People's Party of Estonia
Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond (EKRE) 		Martin Helme None
0 / 7
11 / 101
 Opposition
  France National Rally
Rassemblement national (RN) 		Jordan Bardella Patriots for Europe
30 / 81
142 / 577
2 / 348
 Opposition
  Greece Voice of Reason
Φωνή Λογικής (ΦΛ) 		Afroditi Latinopoulou Patriots for Europe
1 / 21
0 / 300
 Opposition
  Hungary Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance
Fidesz – Magyar Polgári Szövetség 		Viktor Orbán Patriots for Europe
10 / 21
116 / 199
 Government
  Italy League
Lega 		Matteo Salvini Patriots for Europe
8 / 76
66 / 400
30 / 200
 Government
  Netherlands Party for Freedom
Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) 		Geert Wilders Patriots for Europe
6 / 31
37 / 150
5 / 75
 Government
  Poland National Movement
Ruch Narodowy (RN) 		Krzysztof Bosak Patriots for Europe
2 / 53
7 / 460
0 / 100
 Opposition
  Portugal Enough!
Chega (CH) 		André Ventura Patriots for Europe
2 / 21
50 / 230
 Opposition
  Spain Vox
Vox 		Santiago Abascal Patriots for Europe
6 / 61
33 / 350
3 / 265
 Opposition

Former members

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Relations with other parties

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The national conservative Civic Conservative Party was a founding member of the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom, but left the group in 2016.

In February 2016, leader of the FPÖ Heinz-Christian Strache was invited by the anti-Euro and anti-immigration party AfD and its leader Frauke Petry to their congress in Düsseldorf, and the AfD also announced a cooperation pact with the FPÖ.[46][47] In April 2016, AfD's vice-president Alexander Gauland also proposed an alliance with Marine Le Pen's National Rally.[48] Therefore, AfD's MEP Marcus Pretzell joined the Europe of Nations and Freedom group on 30 April 2016. The AfD was a member of the ID Party's European Parliament political group, Identity and Democracy, until 2024.[49] The Danish People's Party (DPP) and the Finns Party were also members of the Identity and Democracy political group, and the DPP has participated in ID Party events such as their 2019 Antwerp Conference.[12][50]

The Dutch Party for Freedom (PVV), despite not being a member of MENF, participated in its previous political group in the European Parliament, ENF.[51] Party leader Geert Wilders also attended ID Party events and appears in its promotional material.[44] The Blue Party, led by former AfD leader Frauke Petry, and the UK Independence Party, then led by Gerard Batten, were both members of the ENF group. However, neither party became an official member of MENF despite being ideologically aligned.

Patriots.eu leaders also have public political relations of some kind with Brothers of Italy (FdI).[52] On 24 October 2015, MENF's leader and vice-president of the National Rally Louis Aliot met the current president of Brothers of Italy, Giorgia Meloni in Trieste for a conference on immigration.[53] Also in 2015 Marine Le Pen praised SVP's victory during the 2015 Swiss election although the Swiss party does not have official links with the movement.[54] The movement launched an anti-immigration campaign in 2015 just like the SVP's campaign during Swiss referendum on immigration in 2014. In February 2017, French MEP Edouard Ferrand met with Vox's leaders during a meeting of the Spanish right-wing party.[55] Back in 2016, Vox's president Santiago Abascal had already met with one of the National Rally's leaders, Louis Aliot, also one of MENF's MEPs in the European Parliament.[56]

On 24 January 2020, the ID Party's think tank, the ID Foundation, held an event in London that was addressed by Brexit Party MEP Robert Rowland.[57]

Patriots.eu have supported the Visegrád Group of Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia for their opposition to the European Union's migrant policies in response to the European migrant crisis. Then-ID Party launched a petition to support the ruling parties of these nations.[58] Law and Justice and Fidesz expressed populist and anti-immigrant rhetoric similar to members of ID Party, resulting in mutual support, especially from Viktor Orbán and his party.[59][60][61] Matteo Salvini and Marine Le Pen hoped to forge strong relations with Law and Justice and Fidesz prior to the 2019 European Parliament election.[62] From July 2021 to January 2022, most ID Party members participated in a series of declarations and summits alongside Fidesz, Law and Justice, Vox, Greek Solution and other European nationalist parties.[63][64][65]

In October 2021, a delegation of Identity and Democracy representatives visited Slovenian Prime Minister Janez Janša, the leader of the Slovenian Democratic Party.[66]

In 2022, Fidesz sent representatives, including Justice Minister Judit Varga, to address ID Party events.[67][68]

In October 2023, then-ID Party hosted a gathering in Rome with representatives of Fidesz, the U.S. Republican Party, the Polish National Movement and the Israeli Likud.[69]

On 13 October 2023, Europe Elects revealed SOS Romania's intention to join the ID Group as well, although the party did not join any group in the European Parliament in the end.[70] On 30 October 2023, the Croatian Homeland Movement also expressed openness to joining ID, following a meeting with leading figures within ID, though it ultimately joined European Conservatives and Reformists in July 2024.[71]

In November 2023, ID member parties, along with Fidesz and Vox, participated in a conference hosted by the Serbian People's Party (SNP).[72] A politician from the Serbian People's Party, Jovan Palalić, was later interviewed by the ID Foundation,[73] stating that the SNP "works with the parties in the Identity and Democracy bloc".[74]

In December 2023, Bulgarian Revival leader Kostadin Kostadinov, Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR) leader George Simion, and a representative from the Confederation of the Polish Crown addressed an ID rally in Florence.[75] However, Simion clarified AUR's intention to join the European Conservatives and Reformists a day prior to the rally.[76]

In March 2024, former U.S. Republican presidential candidate Vivek Ramaswamy addressed an ID rally in Rome.[77]

Structure

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Current president, Santiago Abascal

Leadership

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President

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Members of the Bureau

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Treasurer

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History

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Presidents

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Representation in European institutions

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Organisation Institution Number of seats
  European Union European Parliament
72 / 720
European Commission
0 / 27
European Council
(Heads of Government)
1 / 27
Council of the European Union
(Participation in Government)
Committee of the Regions
  Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The number of MEPs listed below may not match the total number of MEPs of the European party, as it does not include MEPs who join as individual members.
  2. ^ Volya was removed from the list of member parties on the ID Party website in 2022.
  3. ^ Revival was removed from the list of member parties on the ID Party website in 2024.
  4. ^ OKS was a founding member but left in 2016.
  5. ^ Freedom and Direct Democracy was not included on the list of member parties following the renaming of the ID Party to Patriots.eu.
  6. ^ AfD left the ID Party in 2024.
  7. ^ New Right was removed from the list of member parties on the ID Party website in 2023.
  8. ^ KNP was a founding member however left in 2019.
  9. ^ We Are Family was removed from the list of member parties on the ID Party website in 2023.
  10. ^ The Slovak National Party was not included on the list of member parties following the renaming of the ID Party to Patriots.eu.
  11. ^ For Britain was dissolved in 2022.

References

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  38. ^ "EU hails historic prisoner swap". Politico. 2 August 2024. The far-right Identity & Democracy Party — a pan-EU umbrella structure that has national parties like Portugal's Chega as members — has rebranded as Patriots.eu, following the creation of its Patriots for Europe grouping in the European Parliament.
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