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List of Greek mythological figures

(Redirected from Greek goddesses)

The following is a list of gods, goddesses, and many other divine and semi-divine figures from ancient Greek mythology and ancient Greek religion.

Immortals

The Greeks created images of their deities for many purposes. A temple would house the statue of a god or goddess, or multiple deities, and might be decorated with relief scenes depicting myths. Divine images were common on coins. Drinking cups and other vessels were painted with scenes from Greek myths.

Major gods and goddesses

Deity Description
  Aphrodite (Ἀφροδίτη, Aphroditē)

Goddess of beauty, love, desire, and pleasure. In Hesiod's Theogony (188–206), she was born from sea-foam and the severed genitals of Uranus; in Homer's Iliad (5.370–417), she is daughter of Zeus and Dione. She was married to Hephaestus, but bore him no children. She had many lovers, most notably Ares, to whom she bore Harmonia, Phobos, and Deimos. She was also a lover to Adonis and Anchises, to whom she bore Aeneas. She is usually depicted as a naked or semi-nude beautiful woman. Her symbols include the magical girdle, myrtle, roses, and the scallop shell. Her sacred animals include doves and sparrows. Her Roman counterpart is Venus.[1]

  Apollo (Ἀπόλλων, Apóllōn)

God of music, arts, knowledge, healing, plague, prophecy, poetry, manly beauty, and archery. He is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis. Both Apollo and Artemis use a bow and arrow. Apollo is depicted as young, beardless, handsome and athletic. In myth, he can be cruel and destructive, and his love affairs are rarely happy. He is often accompanied by the Muses. His most famous temple is in Delphi, where he established his oracular shrine. His signs and symbols include the laurel wreath, bow and arrow, and lyre. His sacred animals include roe deer, swans, and pythons. Some late Roman and Greek poetry and mythography identifies him as a sun-god, equivalent to Roman Sol and Greek Helios.[2]

  Ares (Ἄρης, Árēs)

God of courage, war, bloodshed, and violence. The son of Zeus and Hera, he was depicted as a beardless youth, either nude with a helmet and spear or sword, or as an armed warrior. Homer portrays him as moody and unreliable, and as being the most unpopular god on earth and Olympus (Iliad 5.890–1). He generally represents the chaos of war in contrast to Athena, a goddess of military strategy and skill. Ares is known for cuckolding his brother Hephaestus, conducting an affair with his wife Aphrodite. His sacred animals include vultures, venomous snakes, dogs, and boars. His Roman counterpart Mars by contrast was regarded as the dignified ancestor of the Roman people.[3]

  Artemis (Ἄρτεμις, Ártemis)

Virgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals, the Moon and young girls. Both she and Apollo are archery gods. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and twin sister of Apollo. In art she is often depicted as a young woman dressed in a short knee-length chiton and equipped with a silver hunting bow and a quiver of arrows. Her attributes include hunting knives and spears, animal pelts, deer and other wild animals. Her sacred animal is a deer. Her Roman counterpart is Diana.[4]

  Athena (Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnâ)

Goddess of reason, wisdom, intelligence, skill, peace, warfare, battle strategy, and handicrafts. According to most traditions, she was born from Zeus's forehead, fully formed and armored, after Zeus swallowed her mother, Metis, whole. She is depicted as being crowned with a crested helm, armed with shield and spear, and wearing the aegis over a long dress. Poets describe her as "grey-eyed" or having especially bright, keen eyes. She is a special patron of heroes such as Odysseus. She is the patron of the city Athens (from which she takes her name) and is attributed to various inventions in arts and literature. Her symbol is the olive tree. She is commonly shown as being accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva.[5]

  Demeter (Δημήτηρ, Dēmḗtēr)

Goddess of grain, agriculture, harvest, growth, and nourishment. Demeter, whose Roman counterpart is Ceres, is a daughter of Cronus and Rhea, and was swallowed and then regurgitated by her father. She is a sister of Zeus, by whom she bore Persephone, who is also known as Kore, i.e. "the girl." One of the central myths associated with Demeter involves Hades' abduction of Persephone and Demeter's lengthy search for her. Demeter is one of the main deities of the Eleusinian Mysteries, in which the rites seemed to center around Demeter's search for and reunion with her daughter, which symbolized both the rebirth of crops in spring and the rebirth of the initiates after death. She is depicted as a mature woman, often crowned and holding sheafs of wheat and a torch.[6] Her symbols are the cornucopia, wheat-ears, the winged serpent, and the lotus staff. Her sacred animals include pigs and snakes.

  Dionysus (Διόνυσος, Diónusos)

God of wine, fruitfulness, parties, festivals, madness, chaos, drunkenness, vegetation, ecstasy, and the theater. He is the twice-born son of Zeus and Semele, in that Zeus snatched him from his mother's womb and stitched Dionysus into his own thigh and carried him until he was ready to be born. In art he is depicted as either an older bearded god (particularly before 430 BC) or an effeminate, long-haired youth (particularly after 430 BC). His attributes include the thyrsus, a drinking cup, the grape vine, and a crown of ivy. He is often in the company of his thiasos, a group of attendants including satyrs, maenads, and his old tutor Silenus. The consort of Dionysus was Ariadne. It was once held that Dionysius was a later addition to the Greek pantheon, but the discovery of Linear B tablets confirm his status as a deity from an early period. Bacchus was another name for him in Greek, and came into common usage among the Romans.[7] His sacred animals include dolphins, serpents, tigers, and donkeys.

  Hades (ᾍδης, Háidēs)/Pluto (Πλούτων, Ploutōn)

King of the underworld and the dead. He is also a god of wealth. His consort is Persephone. His attributes are the drinking horn or cornucopia, key, sceptre, and the three-headed dog Cerberus. His sacred animals include the screech owl. He was one of three sons of Cronus and Rhea, and thus sovereign over one of the three realms of the universe, the underworld. As a chthonic god, however, his place among the Olympians is ambiguous. In the mystery religions and Athenian literature, Plouton ("the Rich one") was his preferred name, because of the idea that all riches came from the earth. The term Hades was used in this literature to refer to the underworld itself. The Romans translated Plouton as Dis Pater ("the Rich Father") or Pluto.[8]

  Hephaestus (Ἥφαιστος, Hḗphaistos)

God of fire, metalworking, and crafts. Either the son of Zeus and Hera or Hera alone, he is the smith of the gods and the husband of the adulterous Aphrodite. He was usually depicted as a bearded, crippled man with hammer, tongs, and anvil, and sometimes riding a donkey. His sacred animals include the donkey, the guard dog, and the crane. Among his creations was the armor of Achilles. Hephaestus used the fire of the forge as a creative force, but his Roman counterpart Vulcan was feared for his destructive potential and associated with the volcanic power of the earth.

  Hera (Ἥρα, Hḗra)

Queen of the gods, and goddess of women, marriage, childbirth, heirs, kings, and empires. She is the goddess of the sky, the wife and sister of Zeus, and the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. She was usually depicted as a regal woman in the prime of her life, wearing a diadem and veil and holding a lotus-tipped staff. Although she is the goddess of marriage, Zeus's many infidelities drive her to jealousy and vengefulness. Her sacred animals include the heifer, the peacock, and the cuckoo. Her Roman counterpart is Juno.

  Hermes (Ἑρμῆς, Hērmês)

God of boundaries, travel, trade, communication, language, writing, cunning and thieves. Hermes was also responsible for protecting livestock and presided over the spheres associated with fertility, music, luck, and deception.[9] The son of Zeus and Maia, Hermes is the messenger of the gods, and a psychopomp who leads the souls of the dead into the afterlife. He was depicted either as a handsome and athletic beardless youth, or as an older bearded man. His attributes include the herald's wand or caduceus, winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. His sacred animals include the tortoise. His Roman counterpart is Mercury.

  Hestia (Ἑστία, Hestía)

Virgin goddess of the hearth, home, domesticity and chastity. She is a daughter of Rhea and Cronus, and a sister of Zeus. Not often identifiable in Greek art, she appeared as a modestly veiled woman. Her symbols are the hearth and kettle. She plays little role in Greek myths, and although she is omitted in some lists of the twelve Olympians in favour of Dionysus, no ancient tale tells of her abdicating or giving her seat to Dionysus.[10] Her Roman counterpart Vesta, however, was a major deity of the Roman state.

  Persephone (Περσεφόνη, Persephónē)

Goddess of spring, Queen of the Underworld, wife of Hades and daughter of Demeter and Zeus. Her symbols include the pomegranate, grain, torches, wheat and the asphodelus. After her abduction by Hades, she was forced to split the year between the world of the dead with her husband and the world of the living with her mother. She was worshipped in conjunction with Demeter, especially in the Eleusinian Mysteries. In ancient art she is usually depicted as a young woman, usually in the scene of her abduction.

  Poseidon (Ποσειδῶν, Poseidôn)

God of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, and earthquakes. He is a son of Cronus and Rhea, and the brother of Zeus and Hades. He rules one of the three realms of the universe, as king of the sea and the waters. In art he is depicted as a mature man of sturdy build, often with a luxuriant beard, and holding a trident. His sacred animals include the horse and the dolphin. His wedding with Amphitrite is often presented as a triumphal procession. In some stories he rapes Medusa, leading to her transformation into a hideous Gorgon and also to the birth of their two children, Pegasus and Chrysaor. His Roman counterpart is Neptune.

  Zeus (Ζεύς, Zeús)

King of the gods, ruler of Mount Olympus, and god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and justice. He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea. He overthrew Cronus and gained the sovereignty of heaven for himself. In art he is depicted as a regal, mature man with a sturdy figure and dark beard. His usual attributes are the royal scepter and the lightning bolt. His sacred animals include the eagle and the bull. His Roman counterpart is Jupiter, also known as Jove.

Greek primordial deities

List of Greek primordial deities
Ancient Greek name English name Description
Ἀχλύς (Akhlús) Achlys The goddess of poisons, and the personification of misery and sadness. Said to have existed before Chaos itself.
Αἰθήρ (Aithḗr) Aether The god of light and the upper atmosphere.
Αἰών (Aiōn) Aion The god of eternity, personifying cyclical and unbounded time. Sometimes equated with Chronos.
Ἀνάγκη (Anánkē) Ananke The goddess of inevitability, compulsion, and necessity.
Χάος (Kháos) Chaos The personification of nothingness from which all of existence sprang. Depicted as a void. Initially genderless, later on described as female.
Χρόνος (Khrónos) Chronos The god of empirical time, sometimes equated with Aion. Not to be confused with the Titan Cronus (Kronos), the father of Zeus.
Ἔρεβος (Érebos) Erebus The god of darkness and shadow, as well as the void that existed between Earth and the Underworld.
Ἔρως (Érōs) Eros The god of love and attraction.
Γαῖα (Gaîa) Gaia Personification of the Earth (Mother Earth); mother of the Titans.
Ἡμέρα (Hēméra) Hemera The personification of the day.
Νῆσοι (Nêsoi) The Nesoi The goddesses of islands.
Νύξ (Núx) Nyx The goddess and personification of the night.
Οὔρεα (Oúrea) The Ourea The gods of mountains.
Φάνης (Phánēs) Phanes The god of procreation in the Orphic tradition.
Πόντος (Póntos) Pontus The god of the sea, father of the fish and other sea creatures.
Τάρταρος (Tártaros) Tartarus The god of the deepest, darkest part of the underworld, the Tartarean pit (which is also referred to as Tartarus itself).
Θάλασσα (Thálassa) Thalassa Personification of the sea and consort of Pontus.
Οὐρανός (Ouranós) Uranus The god of the heavens (Father Sky); father of the Titans.

Titans and Titanesses

The Titan gods and goddesses are depicted in Greek art less commonly than the Olympians.

  •  
    Eos (Dawn) and the hero Memnon (490–480 BC)
  •  
    Helios in his four-horse chariot (3rd century BC)
  •  
    Themis, from the Temple of Nemesis (ca. 300 BC)
  •  
    Oceanus wearing crab-claw horns, with Tethys (Roman-era mosaic)
  •  
    Athena watches Prometheus create humans (3rd century AD)
Titans and titanesses
Greek name English name Description
The Twelve Titans
Κοῖος (Koîos) Coeus God of intellect and the axis of heaven around which the constellations revolved.
Κρεῖος (Kreîos) Crius The least individualized of the Twelve Titans, he is the father of Astraeus, Pallas, and Perses. Implied to be the god of constellations.
Κρόνος (Krónos) Cronus God of harvests and personification of destructive time. The leader of the Titans, who overthrew his father Uranus only to be overthrown in turn by his son, Zeus. Not to be confused with Chronos.
Ὑπερίων (Hyperíōn) Hyperion God of light. With Theia, he is the father of Helios (the Sun), Selene (the Moon), and Eos (the Dawn).
Ἰαπετός (Iapetós) Iapetus God of mortality and father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius, and Atlas.
Mνημοσύνη (Mnēmosýnē) Mnemosyne Goddess of memory and remembrance, and mother of the Nine Muses.
Ὠκεανός (Ōceanós) Oceanus God of the all-encircling river Oceans around the Earth, the fount of all the Earth's fresh-water.
Φοίβη (Phoíbē) Phoebe Goddess of the "bright" intellect and prophecy, and consort of Coeus.
Ῥέα (Rhéa) Rhea Goddess of fertility, motherhood and the mountain wilds. She is the sister and consort of Cronus, and mother of Zeus, Hades, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, and Hestia.
Τηθύς (Tēthýs) Tethys Goddess of fresh-water, and the mother of the rivers, springs, streams, fountains, and clouds.
Θεία (Theía) Theia Goddess of sight and the shining light of the clear blue sky. She is the consort of Hyperion, and mother of Helios, Selene, and Eos.
Θέμις (Thémis) Themis Goddess of divine law and order.
Other Titans
Ἄνυτος (Ánytos) Anytos God who reared the young goddess Despoina, the daughter of Demeter.
Ἀστερία (Astería) Asteria Goddess of nocturnal oracles and falling stars.
Ἀστραῖος (Astraîos) Astraeus God of dusk, stars, and planets, and the art of astrology.
Ἄτλας (Átlas) Atlas God forced to carry the heavens upon his shoulders by Zeus. Presumed to be the god of endurance and astronomy. Also Son of Iapetus.
Διώνη (Diṓnē) Dione Goddess of the oracle of Dodona.
Ἥλιος (Hḗlios) Helios God of the Sun and guardian of oaths.
Ἠώς (Ēṓs) Eos Goddess of the Dawn.
Ἐπιμηθεύς (Epimētheús) Epimetheus God of afterthought and the father of excuses.
Λήλαντος (Lēlantos) Lelantos God of moving unseen and The father of the nymph Aura by Periboea
Λητώ (Lētṓ) Leto Goddess of motherhood and mother of the twin Olympians, Artemis and Apollo.
Μενοίτιος (Menoítios) Menoetius God of violent anger, rash action, and human mortality. Killed by Zeus.
Μῆτις (Mē̂tis) Metis Goddess of good counsel, advice, planning, cunning, craftiness, and wisdom. Mother of Athena.
Πάλλας (Pállas) Pallas God of warcraft. He was killed by Athena during the Titanomachy.
Πέρσης (Pérsēs) Perses Son of Crius and Eurybia.
Προμηθεύς (Promētheús) Prometheus God of forethought and crafty counsel, and creator of mankind.
Σελήνη (Selḗnē) Selene Goddess of the Moon.
Στύξ (Stýx) Styx Goddess of the Underworld river Styx and personification of hatred.
Συκεύς (Sykeús) Syceus God whom Gaia turned into a fig tree to help him escape from Zeus.
Τιτὰν (Titan) Titan God of The calendar of the seasons brother of Helios, usually just Helios himself

Gigantes

See also: Giants (Greek mythology) § Named Giants
 
Athena (left) fighting Enceladus (inscribed retrograde) on an Attic red-figure dish, c. 550–500 BC (Louvre CA3662).[11]

The Gigantes were the offspring of Gaia (Earth), born from the blood that fell when Uranus (Sky) was castrated by their Titan son Cronus, who fought the Gigantomachy, their war with the Olympian gods for supremacy of the cosmos. They include:

Other "giants"

  • Aloadae (Ἀλῳάδαι), twin giants who attempted to climb to Olympus by piling mountains on top of each other.
    • Otus or Otos (Ότος).
    • Ephialtes (Εφιάλτης).
  • Anax (Αναξ) was a giant of the island of Lade near Miletos in Lydia, Anatolia.
  • Antaeus (Ἀνταῖος), a Libyan giant who wrestled all visitors to the death until he was slain by Heracles.
  • Antiphates (Ἀντιφάτης), the king of the man-eating giants known as Laestrygones which were encountered by Odysseus on his travels.
  • Argus Panoptes (Ἄργος Πανόπτης), a hundred-eyed giant tasked with guarding Io.
  • Asterius (Αστεριος), a Lydian giant.
  • Cacus (Κακος), a fire-breathing Latin giant slain by Heracles.
  • Cyclopes (Hesiodic), three one-eyed giants who forged the lightning bolts of Zeus and Helmet and Bident of Hades.
    • Arges (Ἄργης).
    • Brontes (Βρόντης).
    • Steropes (Στερόπης).
  • Cyclopes (Homeric), a tribe of one-eyed, man-eating giants who herded flocks of sheep on the island of Sicily.
    • Polyphemus (Πολύφημος), a Cyclops who briefly captured Odysseus and his men, only to be overcome and blinded by the hero.
  • The Gegenees (Γηγενέες), a tribe of six-armed giants fought by the Argonauts on Bear Mountain in Mysia.
  • Geryon (Γηρυων), a three-bodied giant who dwelt on the sunset isle at the ends of the earth. He was slain by Heracles when the hero arrived to fetch the giant's cattle as one of his twelve labours.
  • The Hekatoncheires (Ἑκατόγχειρες), or Centimanes (Latin), the Hundred-Handed Ones, giant gods of violent storms and hurricanes. Three sons of Uranus and Gaia, each with his own distinct characters.[12]
    • Briareus (Βριάρεως) or Aigaion (Αἰγαίων), The Vigorous.
    • Cottus (Κόττος), The Furious.
    • Gyges (Γύγης), The Big-Limbed.
  • The Laestrygonians (Λαιστρυγόνες), a tribe of man-eating giants encountered by Odysseus on his travels.
  • Orion (Ὠρίων), a giant huntsman whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of Orion.
  • Talos (Τάλως), a giant forged from bronze by Hephaestus, and given by Zeus to his lover Europa as her personal protector.
  • Tityos (Τίτυος), a giant slain by Apollo and Artemis when he attempted to violate their mother Leto.
  • Typhon (Τυφῶν), a monstrous immortal storm-giant who attempted to launch an attack on Mount Olympus but was defeated by the Olympians and imprisoned in the pits of Tartarus.

Personified concepts

  • Achlys (Ἀχλύς), spirit of the death-mist, personification of sadness, misery and poison
  • Adephagia (Ἀδηφαγία), spirit of satiety and gluttony
  • Adikia (Ἀδικία), spirit of injustice and wrongdoing
  • Aergia (Ἀεργία), spirit of idleness, laziness, indolence and sloth
  • Agathodaemon (Ἀγαθοδαίμων), spirit of the vineyards and grainfields; ensuring good luck, health, and wisdom
  • Agon (Ἀγών), spirit of contest, who possessed an altar at Olympia, site of the Olympic Games
  • Aidos (Αἰδώς), spirit of modesty, reverence and respect
  • Aisa (Αἴσα), personification of lot and fate
  • Alala (Ἀλαλά), spirit of the war cry
  • Alastor (Ἀλάστωρ), spirit of blood feuds and vengeance
  • Aletheia (Ἀλήθεια), spirit of truth, truthfulness and sincerity
  • The Algea (Ἄλγεα), spirits of pain and suffering
    • Achos (Ἄχος) "trouble, distress"
    • Ania (Ἀνία) "ache, anguish"
    • Lupe (Λύπη) "pain, grief, sadness"
  • Alke (Ἀλκή), spirit of prowess and courage (one of the Machai)
  • Amechania (Ἀμηχανία), spirit of helplessness and want of means
  • The Amphilogiai (Ἀμφιλογίαι), spirits of disputes, debate, and contention
  • Anaideia (Ἀναίδεια), spirit of ruthlessness, shamelessness, and unforgivingness
  • The Androktasiai (Ἀνδροκτασίαι), spirits of battlefield slaughter
  • Angelia (Ἀγγελία), spirit of messages, tidings and proclamations
  • Apate (Ἀπάτη), spirit of deceit, guile, fraud and deception
  • Apheleia (Ἀφέλεια), spirit of simplicity
  • The Arae (Ἀραί), spirits of curses
  • Arete (Ἀρετή), spirit of virtue, excellence, goodness, and valour
  • Atë (Ἄτη), spirit of delusion, infatuation, blind folly, recklessness, and ruin
  • Bia (Βία "Violence"), the personification of force and raw energy
  • Caerus (Καιρός), spirit of opportunity
  • Corus (Κόρος), spirit of surfeit
  • Deimos (Δεῖμος), spirit of fear, dread, and terror
  • Dikaiosyne (Δικαιοσύνη), spirit of justice and righteousness
  • Dike (Δίκη), spirit of justice, fair judgement, and the rights established by custom and law
  • Dysnomia (Δυσνομία), spirit of lawlessness and poor civil constitution
  • Dyssebeia (Δυσσέβεια), spirit of impiety
  • Eirene (Εἰρήνη), goddess of peace
  • Eiresione (Ειρεσιώνη), personification of the olive branch
  • Ekecheiria (Ἐκεχειρία), spirit of truce, armistice, and the cessation of all hostilities; honoured at the Olympic Games
  • Eleos (Ἔλεος), spirit of mercy, pity, and compassion
  • Eleutheria (Ἐλευθερία), personification of liberty
  • Elpis (Ἐλπίς), spirit of hope and expectation
  • Epiphron (Ἐπίφρων), spirit of prudence, shrewdness, thoughtfulness, carefulness, and sagacity
  • Eris (Ἔρις), spirit of strife, discord, contention, and rivalry
  • The Erotes (ἔρωτες)
    • Anteros (Ἀντέρως), god of requited love
    • Eros (Ἔρως), god of love and sexual intercourse
    • Hedylogos (Ἡδύλογος), god of sweet talk and flattery
    • Hermaphroditus (Ἑρμαφρόδιτος), god of unions, androgyny, marriage, sexuality and fertility
    • Himeros (Ἵμερος), god of sexual desire
    • Hymen (Ὑμήν) or Hymenaeus (Ὑμεναιος), god of marriage ceremonies, inspiring feasts and song
    • Pothos (Πόθος), god of sexual longing, yearning, and desire
  • Eucleia (Εὔκλεια), spirit of good repute and glory
  • Eulabeia (Εὐλάβεια), spirit of discretion, caution, and circumspection
  • Eunomia (Εὐνομία), goddess of good order and lawful conduct
  • Eupheme (Εὐφήμη), spirit of words of good omen, acclamation, praise, applause, and shouts of triumph
  • Eupraxia (Eὐπραξία), spirit of well-being
  • Eusebeia (Eὐσέβεια), spirit of piety, loyalty, duty, and filial respect
  • Euthenia (Εὐθενία), spirit of prosperity, abundance, and plenty
  • Gelos (Γέλως), spirit of laughter
  • Geras (Γῆρας), spirit of old age
  • Harmonia (Ἁρμονία), goddess of harmony and concord
  • Hedone (Ἡδονή), spirit of pleasure, enjoyment, and delight
  • Heimarmene (Εἵμαρμένη), personification of share destined by fate
  • Hesychia spirit of quiet
  • Homados (Ὅμαδος), spirit of the din of battle
  • Homonoia (Ὁμόνοια), spirit of concord, unanimity, and oneness of mind
  • Horkos (Ὅρκος), spirit of oaths
  • Horme (Ὁρμή), spirit of impulse or effort (to do a thing), eagerness, setting oneself in motion, and starting an action
  • Hybris (Ὕβρις), spirit of outrageous behaviour
  • Hypnos (Ὕπνος), god of sleep
  • The Hysminai (Ὑσμῖναι), spirits of fighting and combat
  • Ioke (Ἰωκή), spirit of pursuit in battle
  • Kairos (καιρός), god of signifies a proper or opportune time for action.
  • Kakia (Kακία), spirit of vice and moral badness
  • Kallone (Καλλονή), spirit of beauty
  • Kalokagathia (Καλοκαγαθια), spirit of nobility and goodness
  • The Keres (Κῆρες), spirit of violent or cruel death
  • Koalemos (Κοάλεμος), spirit of stupidity and foolishness
  • Kratos (Κράτος), spirit of strength, might, power, and sovereign rule
  • Kydoimos (Κυδοιμός), spirit of the din of battle, confusion, uproar, and hubbub
  • Lethe (Λήθη), spirit of forgetfulness and oblivion, and of the river of the same name
  • Limos (Λιμός), spirit of hunger and starvation
  • The Litae (Λιταί), spirits of prayer
  • Lyssa (Λύσσα), spirit of rage, fury and rabies in animals
  • The Machai (Μάχαι), spirits of fighting and combat
  • Mania (Μανία), spirit or spirits of madness, insanity, and frenzy
  • The Moirai, or "Fates" (Μοίραι)
    • Clotho (Κλωθώ), the spinner of the life thread
    • Lachesis (Λάχεσις), the measurer of the life thread
    • Atropos (Άτροπος), the severer of the life thread
  • Momus (Μῶμος), spirit of mockery, blame, censure and stinging criticism
  • Moros (Μόρος), spirit of doom
  • The Neikea (τὰ Νείκη), spirits of quarrels, feuds and grievances
  • Nemesis (Νέμεσις), goddess of revenge, balance, righteous indignation, and retribution
  • Nike (Νίκη), goddess of victory
  • Nomos (Νόμος), spirit of law
  • Oizys (Ὀϊζύς), spirit of woe and misery
  • The Oneiroi (Ὄνειροι), Dreams
  • Palioxis (Παλίωξις), spirit of backrush, flight and retreat from battle
  • Peitharchia (Πειθαρχία), spirit of discipline
  • Peitho (Πειθώ), spirit of persuasion and seduction
  • Penia (Πενία), spirit of poverty and need
  • Penthus (Πένθος), spirit of grief, mourning, and lamentation
  • Pepromene (Πεπρωμένη), personification of the destined share, similar to Heimarmene
  • Pheme (Φήμη), spirit of rumour, report, and gossip
  • Philophrosyne (Φιλοφροσύνη), spirit of friendliness, kindness, and welcome
  • Philotes (Φιλότης), spirit of friendship, affection, and sexual intercourse
  • Phobos (Φόβος), spirit of panic fear, flight, and battlefield rout
  • The Phonoi (Φόνοι), spirits of murder, killing, and slaughter
  • Phrike (Φρίκη), spirit of horror and trembling fear
  • Phthonus (Φθόνος), spirit of envy and jealousy
  • Pistis (Πίστις), spirit of trust, honesty, and good faith
  • Poine (Ποίνη), spirit of retribution, vengeance, recompense, punishment, and penalty for the crime of murder and manslaughter
  • Polemos (Πόλεμος), personification of war
  • Ponos (Πόνος), spirit of hard labour and toil
  • Poros (Πόρος), spirit of expediency, the means of accomplishing or providing, contrivance and device
  • Praxidike (Πραξιδίκη), spirit of exacting justice
  • Proioxis (Προίωξις), spirit of onrush and battlefield pursuit
  • Prophasis (Πρόφασις), spirit of excuses and pleas
  • Ptocheia (Πτωχεία), spirit of beggary
  • Roma, a female deity who personified the city of Rome
  • Soter (Σωτήρ), male spirit of safety, preservation, and deliverance from harm
  • Soteria (Σωτηρία), female personification of safety, preservation, and deliverance from harm
  • Sophrosyne (Σωφροσύνη), spirit of moderation, self-control, temperance, restraint, and discretion
  • Tekhne (Τεχνη) personification of art, craft and technical skill
  • Thanatos (Θάνατος), personification of death and mortality
  • Thrasos (Θράσος), spirit of boldness
  • Tyche (Τύχη), goddess of fortune, chance, providence, and fate
  • Zelos ( Ζῆλος), spirit of eager rivalry, emulation, envy, jealousy, and zeal

Chthonic deities

  • Amphiaraus (Ἀμφιάραος), a seer, and one of the Seven against Thebes who became an oracular spirit of the Underworld after his death
  • Angelos (Ἄγγελος), a daughter of Zeus and Hera who became an underworld goddess
  • Askalaphos (Ἀσκάλαφος), the son of Acheron and Orphne who tended the Underworld orchards before being transformed into a screech owl by Demeter
  • Charon (Χάρων), ferryman of Hades
  • Cronus (Κρόνος), deposed king of the Titans; after his release from Tartarus he was appointed king of the Island of the Blessed
  • Erebos (Ἔρεβος), the primeval god of darkness, his mists encircled the underworld and filled the hollows of the earth
  • The Erinyes (Ἐρινύες), the Furies, goddesses of retribution, known as "The Kindly Ones"
    • Alecto (Ἀληκτώ), the unceasing one
    • Tisiphone (Τισιφόνη), avenger of murder
    • Megaera (Μέγαιρα), the jealous one
  • Hades (¨Αδης) God of underworld and all things beneath the earth
  • Hecate (Ἑκάτη), goddess of magic, witchcraft, the night, the Moon, ghosts, and necromancy
  • Judges of the Dead
    • Aiakos (Αἰακός), former mortal king of Aegina, guardian of the keys of Hades and judge of the men of Europe
    • Minos (Μίνως), former mortal king of Crete and judge of the final vote
    • Rhadamanthys (Ῥαδάμανθυς), former mortal lawmaker and judge of the men of Asia
  • Keuthonymos (Κευθόνυμος), an Underworld spirit and father of Menoetes
  • Lampades (Λαμπάδες), torch-bearing Underworld nymphs
    • Gorgyra (Γοργύρα)
    • Orphne (Ορφνη), a Lampad nymph of Hades, mother of Askalaphos
  • Melinoe (Μελινόη), daughter of Persephone and Zeus who presided over the propitiations offered to the ghosts of the dead
  • Menoetes (Μενοίτης), an Underworld spirit who herded the cattle of Hades
  • Nyx (Νύξ), the primeval goddess of night
  • Persephone (Περσεφόνη), queen of the underworld, wife of Hades and goddess of spring growth
  • Rivers of the Underworld
    • Acheron (Αχέρων), the river of woe
    • Alpheus (Ἀλφειός), the white river
    • Eridanos (Ἠριδανός), the river of amber
    • Kokytos (Kωκυτός), the river of wailing
    • Lethe (Λήθη), the river of forgetfulness (its counterpart was the waters of Mnemosyne)
    • Phlegethon (Φλεγέθων), the river of fire
    • Styx (Στύξ), the river of hatred and oaths
  • Tartarus (Τάρταρος), the primeval god of the dark, stormy pit of Hades
  • Thanatos (Θάνατος), personification of death
  • Zagreus (Ζαγρεύς), an underworld god, possibly a son of Zeus and Persephone

Sea deities

  • Aegaeon (Αιγαίων), god of violent sea storms and ally of the Titans
  • Amphitrite (Αμφιτρίτη), sea goddess and consort of Poseidon
  • Benthesikyme (Βενθεσικύμη), daughter of Poseidon, who resided in Ethiopia
  • Brizo (Βριζώ), patron goddess of sailors, who sent prophetic dreams
  • Ceto (Κῆτώ), goddess of the dangers of the ocean and of sea monsters
  • Cymopoleia (Κυμοπόλεια), a daughter of Poseidon married to the Giant Briareus
  • Delphin (Δελφιν), dolphin god or daimone [13]
  • Eidothea (Ειδοθέα), prophetic sea nymph and daughter of Proteus
  • Glaucus (Γλαῦκος), the fisherman's sea god and oracle
  • Leucothea (Λευκοθέα), a sea goddess who aided sailors in distress
  • Nereids (Νηρηίδες), sea nymphs
    • Arethusa (Αρετούσα), a daughter of Nereus who was transformed into a fountain
    • Dynamene (Δυναμένη), associated with the might and power of great ocean swells
    • Galene (Γαλήνη), goddess of calm seas
    • Psamathe (Ψαμάθη), mother of Phocus by Aeacus
    • Thetis (Θέτις), leader of the Nereids who presided over the spawning of marine life in the sea
  • Nereus (Νηρέας), the old man of the sea, and the god of the sea's rich bounty of fish
  • Nerites (Νερίτης), a sea spirit who was transformed into a shell-fish by Aphrodite
  • Oceanides (Ωκεανίδες), sea nymphs, and patronesses of bodies of fresh water
    Some notable Oceanides include:
  • For a more complete list, see List of Oceanids
  • Oceanus (Ὠκεανός), god of the Earth-encircling river Oceanus (the ocean), the fountain of all the Earth's freshwater
  • Potamoi (Ποταμοί), Gods of rivers and streams of the earth
    Some notable river gods include:
  • Palaemon (Παλαίμων), a young sea god who aided sailors in distress
  • Phorcys (Φόρκυς), god of the hidden dangers of the deep
  • Pontus (Πόντος), primordial god of the sea, father of the fish and other sea creatures, son of Gaia alone
  • Proteus (Πρωτεύς), a shape-shifting, prophetic old sea god, and the herdsman of Poseidon's seals
  • Poseidon (Ποσειδῶν), king of the sea and lord of the sea gods; also god of rivers, flood and drought, earthquakes, and horses
  • Sangarius (Σαγγάριος), a river-god
  • The Telchines (Τελχινες), sea spirits native to the island of Rhodes; the gods killed them when they turned to evil magic; They built the Trident of Poseidon.
    • Actaeus (Ακταίος)
    • Argyron (Αργυρών)
    • Atabyrius (Αταβύριος)
    • Chalcon (Χαλκών)
    • Chryson (Χρυσών)
    • Damon (Δαμων) or Demonax (Δημώναξ)
    • Damnameneus (Δαμναμενεύς)
    • Dexithea (Δεξιθέα), mother of Euxanthios by Minos
    • Lycos (Λύκος) or Lyktos (Λύκτος)
    • Lysagora (Λυσαγόρα)?
    • Makelo (Μακελώ)
    • Megalesius (Μεγαλήσιος)
    • Mylas (Μύλας)
    • Nikon (Νίκων)
    • Ormenos (Ορμενος)
    • Simon (Σίμων)
    • Skelmis (Σκελμις)
  • Tethys (Τηθύς), goddess of the sources of fresh water, and the mother of the rivers, springs, streams, fountains, and clouds
  • Thalassa (Θάλασσα), primeval goddess of the sea and consort of Pontos
  • Thaumas (Θαῦμας), god of the wonders of the sea
  • Thoosa (Θόοσα), goddess of swift currents
  • Triteia (Τριτεια), daughter of Triton and companion of Ares
  • Triton (Τρίτων), fish-tailed son and herald of Poseidon
  • Tritones (Τρίτωνες), fish-tailed spirits in Poseidon's retinue
 
Poseidon and Amphitrite framed by erotes and riding in a chariot drawn by hippocamps; below them are fishermen at work, with nymphs and creatures of the sea in the waters (color-enhanced Roman-era mosaic)

Sky deities

  • Aeolus (Aiolos) (Αίολος), god of the winds
  • Aether (Αιθήρ), primeval god of the upper air
  • Alectrona (Αλεκτρονα), solar goddess of the morning or waking up
  • Anemoi, (Άνεμοι), gods of the winds
    • Aparctias (Απαρκτίας), another name for the north wind (not identified with Boreas)
    • Apheliotes (Αφηλιώτης), god of the east wind (when Eurus is considered southeast)
    • Argestes (Αργέστης), another name for the west or northwest wind
    • Boreas (Βορέας), god of the north wind and of winter
    • Caicias (Καικίας), god of the northeast wind
    • Circios (Κίρκιος) or Thraskias (Θρασκίας), god of the north-northwest wind
    • Euronotus (Ευρονότος), god of the southeast wind
    • Eurus (Εύρος), god of the unlucky east or southeast wind
    • Lips (Λίψ), god of the southwest wind
    • Notus (Νότος) god of the south wind
    • Skeiron (Σκείρων), god of the northwest wind
    • Zephyrus (Ζέφυρος), god of the west wind
  • Arke (Άρκη), messenger of the Titans and sister of Iris
  • Astraios (Ἀστραῖος), god of stars and planets, and the art of astrology
  • The Astra Planeti (Αστρα Πλανετοι), gods of the five wandering stars or planets
  • Astrape and Bronte, goddesses of lightning and thunder respectively
  • Aurai (Αὖραι), nymphs of the cooling breeze
    • Aura (Αὖρα), goddess of the breeze and the fresh, cool air of early morning
  • Chione (Χιόνη), goddess of snow and daughter of Boreas
  • Eos (Ἠώς), goddess of the Dawn
  • Ersa (Ἕρση), goddess of the morning dew
  • Helios (Ἥλιος), god of the Sun and guardian of oaths
  • Hemera (Ημέρα), primeval goddess of the day
  • Hera (Ήρα), queen of the gods
  • The Hesperides, (´Εσπερίδες), nymphs of the evening and sunset
  • Iris (Ίρις), goddess of the rainbow and divine messenger
  • Men (Μήν), a lunar deity worshiped in the western interior parts of Anatolia
  • Nephele (Νεφέλη), cloud nymph
  • Nyx, (Νύξ), goddess of night
  • Pandia (Πανδία), daughter of Selene and Zeus
  • The Pleiades (Πλειάδες), goddesses of the star cluster Pleiades and were associated with rain
  • Sabazios (Σαβάζιος), the nomadic horseman and sky father god of the Phrygians and Thracians
  • Selene (Σελήνη), goddess of the Moon
  • Uranus (Ουρανός), primeval god of the heavens
  • Zeus (Ζεύς), King of Heaven and god of the sky, clouds, thunder, and lightning

Rustic deities

  • Aetna (Αἴτνη), goddess of the volcanic Mount Etna in Sicily
  • Agreus and Nomios two goat-legged daimones of hunting & herding
  • Amphictyonis (Αμφικτυονίς), goddess of wine and friendship between nations, a local form of Demeter
  • Anthousai (Ανθούσαι), flower nymphs
  • Aristaeus (Ἀρισταῖος), god of bee-keeping, cheese-making, herding, olive-growing, and hunting
  • Attis (Άττις), vegetation god and consort of Cybele
  • Britomartis (Βριτόμαρτις), Cretan goddess of hunting and nets used for fishing, fowling and the hunting of small game
  • Meliseus, god of bees and bee-keeping in Crete.
  • Cabeiri (Κάβειροι), gods or spirits who presided over the Mysteries of the islands of Lemnos and Samothrace
    • Aitnaios (Αιτναιος)
    • Alkon (Αλκων)
    • Eurymedon (Ευρυμεδών)
    • Onnes (Όννης)
    • Tonnes (Τόννης)
  • Chloris (Χλωρίς), minor flower nymph and wife of Zephyrus
  • Comus (Κόμος), god of revelry, merrymaking, and festivity
  • Corymbus (Κόρυμβος), god of the fruit of the ivy
  • The Curetes (Κουρέτες), guardians of infant Zeus on Mount Ida, barely distinguished from the Dactyls and the Corybantes
  • Cybele (Κυβέλη), a Phrygian mountain goddess
  • The Dactyls (Δάκτυλοι) "fingers", minor deities originally representing fingers of a hand
    • Acmon (Ακμών)
    • Damnameneus (Δαμναμενεύς)
    • Delas (Δήλας)
    • Epimedes (Επιμήδης)
    • Heracles (not to be confused with the hero Heracles)
    • Iasios (Ιάσιος)
    • Kelmis (Κελμις)
    • Skythes (Σκύθης)
    • companions of Cybele
      • Titias (Τιτίας)
      • Cyllenus (Κύλληνος)
  • Dionysus (Διόνυσος), god of wine, drunken orgies, and wild vegetation
  • Dryades (Δρυάδες), tree and forest nymphs
  • Gaia (Γαία), primeval goddess of the earth
  • Epimeliades (Επιμελίδες), nymphs of highland pastures and protectors of sheep flocks
  • Hamadryades (Αμαδρυάδες), oak tree dryades
  • Hecaterus (Ηεκατερος), minor god of the hekateris — a rustic dance of quickly moving hands — and perhaps of the skill of hands in general
  • Hermes (Ερμής), god of herds and flocks, of roads and boundary stones, and the god of thieves
  • Korybantes (Κορύβαντες), the crested dancers who worshipped Cybele
    • Damneus (Δαμνεύς) "the one who tames(?)"
    • Idaios (Ιδαίος) "of Mount Ida"
    • Kyrbas (Κύρβας), whose name is probably a variant of Korybas, singular for "Korybantes"
    • Okythoos (Ωκύθοος) "the one running swiftly"
    • Prymneus (Πρυμνεύς) "of lower areas(?)"
    • Pyrrhichos (Πυρῥιχος), god of the rustic dance
  • Ma, a local goddess at Comana in Cappadocia
  • Maenades (μαινάδες), crazed nymphs in the retinue of Dionysus
    • Methe (Μέθη), nymph of drunkenness
  • Meliae (Μελίαι), nymphs of honey and the ash tree
  • Naiades (Ναιάδες), fresh water nymphs
  • The Nymphai Hyperboreioi (Νύμφαι Υπερβόρειοι), who presided over aspects of archery
    • Hekaerge (Εκαέργη), represented distancing
    • Loxo (Λοξώ), represented trajectory
    • Oupis (Ουπις), represented aim
  • Oreades (Ὀρεάδες), mountain nymphs
    • Adrasteia (Αδράστεια), a nursemaid of the infant Zeus
    • Cyllene, the mountain-nymph who nursed the infant Hermes
    • Echo (Ηχώ), a nymph cursed never to speak except to repeat the words of others
  • The Ourea (Ούρος), primeval gods of mountains
  • The Palici (Παλικοί), a pair of rustic gods who presided over the geysers and thermal springs in Sicily
  • Pan (Πάν), god of shepherds, pastures, and fertility
  • Pan Sybarios (Παν Συβαριος) god of Woods and vales
  • Phaunos god of forests not identified with Faunus
  • Potamoi (Ποταμοί), river gods
For a more complete list, see Potamoi#List of potamoi
  • Priapus (Πρίαπος), god of garden fertility
  • Satyrs (Σάτυροι) / Satyress, rustic fertility spirits
    • Krotos (Κρότος), a great hunter and musician who kept the company of the Muses on Mount Helicon
  • Silenus (Σειληνός), an old rustic god of the dance of the wine-press
  • Telete (Τελέτη), goddess of initiation into the Bacchic orgies
  • Zagreus (Ζαγρεύς), in the Orphic mysteries, the first incarnation of Dionysus

Agricultural deities

  • Adonis (Άδωνις), a life-death-rebirth deity
  • Aphaea (Αφαία), minor goddess of agriculture and fertility
  • Cyamites (Κυαμίτης), demi-god of the bean
  • Demeter (Δημήτηρ), goddess of fertility, agriculture, grain, and harvest
  • Despoina (Δέσποινη), daughter of Poseidon and Demeter, goddess of mysteries in Arcadia
  • Dionysus (Διόνυσος), god of viticulture and wine
  • Eunostus (Εύνοστος), goddess of the flour mill
  • Opora, goddess of autumn and wine
  • Persephone (Περσεφόνη), queen of the underworld, wife of Hades and goddess of spring growth
  • Philomelus (Φιλόμελος), agricultural demi-god inventor of the wagon and the plough
  • Plutus (Πλοῦτος), god of wealth, including agricultural wealth, son of Demeter
  • Promylaia (Προμυλαια) a goddess of the flour mill
  • Triptolemus (Τριπτόλεμος), god of farming and agriculture, he brought agriculture to Greece
  • Trokhilos (Τροχιλος) god of the mill stone

Health deities

  • Apollo (Ἀπόλλων), god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more.
  • Asclepius (Ασκληπιός), god of medicine
  • Aceso (Ἀκεσώ), goddess of the healing of wounds and the curing of illnesses
  • Aegle (Αἴγλη), goddess of radiant good health
  • Chiron (Χείρων), god of healing (up for debate if it is a god)
  • Darrhon (Δάρρων), Macedonian god of health
  • Epione (Ἠπιόνη), goddess of the soothing of pain
  • Hygieia (Ὑγεία), goddess of cleanliness and good health
  • Iaso (Ἰασώ), goddess of cures, remedies, and modes of healing
  • Paean (Παιάν), physician of the gods
  • Panacea (Πανάκεια), goddess of healing
  • Telesphorus (Τελεσφόρος), demi-god of convalescence, who "brought to fulfillment" recuperation from illness or injury

Sleep deities

  • Empusa (Ἔμπουσα), goddess of shape-shifting
  • Epiales (Ἐφιάλτης), goddess of nightmares
  • Hypnos (Ὕπνος) god of sleep
  • Pasithea (Πασιθέα) goddess of relaxing meditation and hallucinations
  • Oneiroi (Ὀνείρων) god of dreams
  • Morpheus (μορφή) god of dreaming

Charities

  • Charites (Χάριτες), goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity, and fertility
    • Aglaea (Αγλαΐα), goddess of beauty, adornment, splendor, and glory
    • Euphrosyne (Εὐφροσύνη), goddess of good cheer, joy, mirth, and merriment
    • Thalia (Θάλεια), goddess of festive celebrations and rich and luxurious banquets
    • Hegemone (Ηγεμόνη) "mastery"
    • Antheia (Άνθεια), goddess of flowers and flowery wreaths
    • Pasithea (Πασιθέα), goddess of rest and relaxation
    • Cleta (Κλήτα) "the glorious"
    • Phaenna (Φαέννα) "the shining"
    • Eudaimonia (Ευδαιμονία) "happiness"
    • Euthymia (Ευθυμία) "good mood"
    • Calleis (Καλλείς) "beauty"
    • Paidia (Παιδία) "play, amusement"
    • Pandaisia (Πανδαισία) "banquet for everyone"
    • Pannychis (Παννυχίς) "all-night (festivity)"

Horae

  • The Horae (Ώρες), The Hours, the goddesses of natural order
    • Eunomia (Ευνομία), spirit of good order, and springtime goddess of green pastures
    • Dike (Δίκη), spirit of justice, may have represented springtime growth
    • Eirene (Ειρήνη), spirit of peace and goddess of the springtime
    • The goddesses of springtime growth
      • Thallo (Θαλλώ), goddess of spring buds and shoots, identified with Eirene
      • Auxo (Αυξώ), goddess of spring growth
      • Karpo (Καρπώ), goddess of the fruits of the earth
    • The goddesses of welfare
      • Pherousa (Φέρουσα) "the bringer"
      • Euporie (Ευπορίη) "abundance"
      • Orthosie (Ορθοσίη) "prosperity"
    • The goddesses of the natural portions of time and the times of day
      • Auge (Αυγή), first light of the morning
      • Anatole (Ανατολή) or Anatolia (Ανατολία), sunrise
      • Mousika or Musica (Μουσική), the morning hour of music and study
      • Gymnastika, Gymnastica (Γυμναστίκή) or Gymnasia (Γυμνασία), the morning hour of gymnastics/exercise
      • Nymphe (Νυμφή), the morning hour of ablutions (bathing, washing)
      • Mesembria (Μεσημβρία), noon
      • Sponde (Σπονδή), libations poured after lunch
      • Elete, prayer, the first of the afternoon work hours
      • Akte, Acte (Ακτή) or Cypris (Κυπρίς), eating and pleasure, the second of the afternoon work hours
      • Hesperis (Έσπερίς), evening
      • Dysis (Δύσις), sunset
      • Arktos (Άρκτος), night sky, constellation
    • The goddesses of seasons of the year
      • Eiar (Είαρ), spring
      • Theros (Θέρος), summer
      • Pthinoporon (Φθινόπωρον), autumn
      • Cheimon (Χειμών), winter

Muses

Muses (Μούσαι), goddesses of music, song and dance, and the source of inspiration to poets
Name Notes
Titan Muses
Aoide (Ἀοιδή) Muse of song
Arche (Αρχή) Muse of origins
Melete (Μελέτη) Muse of meditation and practice
Mneme (Μνήμη) Muse of memory
Thelxinoe (Θελξινόη) Muse "charmer of minds"
Olympian Muses, daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne
Calliope (Καλλιόπη) Muse of epic poetry
Clio (Κλειώ) Muse of history
Euterpe (Ευτέρπη) Muse of musical poetry
Erato (Ερατώ) Muse of lyric poetry
Melpomene (Μελπομένη) Muse of tragedy
Polyhymnia (Πολυμνία or Πολύμνια) Muse of sacred poetry
Terpsichore (Τερψιχόρη) Muse of dance and choral poetry
Thalia (Θάλεια) Muse of comedy and bucolic poetry
Urania (Ουρανία) Muse of astronomy
Muses worshiped at Delphi, daughters of Apollo
Cephisso (Κεφισσώ) also Hypate (Υπάτη), "The upper (chord of the lyre)"
Apollonis (Απολλωνίς) also Mese (Μέση), "The middle (chord of the lyre)"
Borysthenis (Βορυσθενίς) also Nete (Νήτη), "The lowest (chord of the lyre)"
Muse worshiped at Sicyon
Polymatheia (Πολυμάθεια) Muse of knowledge

Other deities

  • Acratopotes (Ἀκρατοπότης), god of unmixed wine
  • Agdistis (Ἄγδιστις), Phrygian hermaphroditic deity
  • Alexiares and Anicetus (Αλεξιαρης and Ανικητος), twin sons of Heracles who presided over the defence of fortified towns and citadels
  • Aphroditus (Ἀφρόδιτος), Cyprian hermaphroditic Aphrodite
  • Astraea (Αστραία), virgin goddess of justice
  • Auxesia (Αὐξησία) and Damia (Δαμία), two local fertility goddesses
  • Bendis (Βένδις), Thracian goddess of the hunt and the Moon. Her worship seems to have been introduced into Attica around 430 BC.[14]
  • Ceraon (Κεραων), demi-god of the meal, specifically the mixing of wine
  • Chrysus (Χρύσος), spirit of gold
  • Circe (Κίρκη), goddess-witch of Aeaea
  • Daemones Ceramici (Δαίμονες Κεραμικοί), five malevolent spirits who plagued the craftsman potter
    • Syntribos (Σύντριβος), the shatterer
    • Smaragos (Σμάραγος), the smasher
    • Asbetos (Ασβετος), the charrer
    • Sabaktes (Σαβάκτης), the destroyer
    • Omodamos (Ωμόδαμος), crudebake
  • Deipneus (Δειπνεύς), demi-god of the preparation of meals, specifically the making of bread
  • Eileithyia (Εἰλείθυια), goddess of childbirth
  • Enodia, Thessalian goddess of crossroads
  • Enyalius (Ενυάλιος), minor god of war
  • Enyo (Ἐνυώ), goddess of destructive war
  • Epidotes (Ἐπιδώτης), a divinity who was worshipped at Lacedaemon[15]
  • Glycon (Γλύκων), a snake god
  • Harpocrates (Ἁρποκράτης), god of silence
  • Hebe (Ήβη), goddess of youth and cup-bearer to the Olympians
  • Hermaphroditus (Ἑρμάφρόδιτός), god of hermaphrodites and effeminate men
  • Hymenaios (Ὑμέναιος), god of marriage and marriage feasts
  • Ichnaea (Ἰχναία), goddess of tracking
  • Iynx (Ιύνξ), goddess of the love charm
  • Matton (Μάττων), demi-god of the meal, specifically the kneading of dough
  • Mene (Μήνη), goddess of the months
  • Palaestra (Παλαίστρα), goddess of wrestling
  • Pasiphaë (Πασιφάη), witch-goddess and queen of Crete
  • Rhapso (Ραψώ), minor goddess or nymph whose name apparently refers to sewing
  • Sosipolis (god), a native god at Elis, son of the goddess Eileithyia
  • Tritopatores, wind and marriage ancestor-gods

Deified mortals

 
Athena pouring a drink for Heracles, who wears the skin of the Nemean Lion
  • Achilles (Ἀχιλλεύς), hero of the Trojan War
  • Aiakos (Αἰακός), a king of Aegina, appointed as a Judge of the Dead in the Underworld after his death
  • Aeolus (Αἴολος), a king of Thessaly, made the immortal king of all the winds by Zeus
  • Alabandus (Ἀλάβανδος), he was the founder of the town of Alabanda
  • Amphiaraus (Ἀμφιάραος), a hero of the war of the Seven against Thebes who became an oracular spirit of the Underworld after his death
  • Ariadne (Αριάδνη), a Cretan princess who became the immortal wife of Dionysus
  • Aristaeus (Ἀρισταῖος), a Thessalian hero, his inventions saw him immortalised as the god of bee-keeping, cheese-making, herding, olive-growing, and hunting
  • Asclepius (Ἀσκληπιός), a Thessalian physician who was struck down by Zeus for reviving the dead, to be later recovered by his father Apollo
  • Attis (Ἄττις), a consort of Cybele, granted immortality as one of her attendants
  • Bolina (Βολίνα), a mortal woman transformed into an immortal nymph by Apollo
  • The Dioscuri (Διόσκουροι), divine twins
  • Endymion (Ἐνδυμίων), lover of Selene, granted eternal sleep so as never to age or die
  • Ganymede (Γανυμήδης), a handsome Trojan prince, abducted by Zeus and made cup-bearer of the gods
  • Glaucus (Γλαῦκος), the fisherman's sea god, made immortal after eating a magical herb
  • Hemithea (Ἡμιθέα) and Parthenos (Παρθένος), princesses of the Island of Naxos who leapt into the sea to escape their father's wrath; Apollo transformed them into demi-goddesses
  • Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς), ascended hero
  • Ino (Ἰνώ), a Theban princess who became the sea goddess Leucothea
  • Lampsace (Λαμψάκη), a semi-historical Bebrycian princess honored as goddess for her assistance to the Greeks
  • The Leucippides (Λευκιππίδες), wives of the Dioscuri
    • Phoebe (Φοίβη), wife of Pollux
    • Hilaera (Ἱλάειρα), wife of Castor
  • Minos (Μίνως), a king of Crete, appointed as a Judge of the Dead in the Underworld after his death
  • Orithyia (Ὠρείθυια), an Athenian princess abducted by Boreas and made the goddess of cold, gusty mountain winds
  • Palaemon (Παλαίμων), a Theban prince, made into a sea god along with his mother, Ino
  • Philoctetes (Ancient Greek: Φιλοκτήτης), was the son of King Poeas of Meliboea in Thessaly, a famous archer, fought at the Trojan War
  • Phylonoe (Φυλονόη), daughter of Tyndareus and Leda, made immortal by Artemis
  • Psyche (Ψυχή), goddess of the soul
  • Semele (Σεμελη), mortal mother of Dionysus, who later was made the goddess Thyone (Θυωνη)
  • Tenes (Τέννης), was a hero of the island of Tenedos

Mortals

Heroes

  • Abderus, aided Heracles during his eighth labour and was killed by the Mares of Diomedes
  • Achilles (Αχιλλεύς or Αχιλλέας), hero of the Trojan War and a central character in Homer's Iliad
  • Aeneas (Αινείας), a hero of the Trojan War and progenitor of the Roman people
  • Ajax the Great (Αίας ο Μέγας), a hero of the Trojan War and king of Salamis
  • Ajax the Lesser (Αίας ο Μικρός), a hero of the Trojan War and leader of the Locrian army
  • Amphitryon (Αμφιτρύων), Theban general who rescued Thebes from the Teumessian fox; his wife was Alcmene, mother of Heracles
  • Antilochus (Ἀντίλοχος), Son of Nestor sacrificed himself to save his father in the Trojan War along with other deeds of valor
  • Bellerophon (Βελλεροφῶν), hero who slew the Chimera
  • Bouzyges, a hero credited with inventing agricultural practices such as yoking oxen to a plough
  • Castor, the mortal Dioscuri twin; after Castor's death, his immortal brother Pollux shared his divinity with him in order that they might remain together
  • Chrysippus (Χρύσιππος), a divine hero of Elis
  • Daedalus (Δαίδαλος), creator of the labyrinth and great inventor, until King Minos trapped him in his own creation
  • Diomedes (Διομήδης), a king of Argos and hero of the Trojan War
  • Eleusis (Ἐλευσῖνι or Ἐλευσῖνα), eponymous hero of the town of Eleusis
  • Eunostus, a Boeotian hero
  • Ganymede (Γανυμήδης), Trojan hero and lover of Zeus, who was given immortality and appointed cup-bearer to the gods
  • Hector (Ἕκτωρ), hero of the Trojan War and champion of the Trojan people
  • Icarus (Ἴκαρος), the son of the master craftsman Daedalus
  • Iolaus (Ἰόλαος), nephew of Heracles who aided his uncle in one of his Labors
  • Jason (Ἰάσων), leader of the Argonauts
  • Meleager (Μελέαγρος), a hero who sailed with the Argonauts and killed the Calydonian boar
  • Odysseus (Ὀδυσσεύς or Ὀδυσεύς), a hero and king of Ithaca whose adventures are the subject of Homer's Odyssey; he also played a key role during the Trojan War
  • Orpheus (Ὀρφεύς), a legendary musician and poet who attempted to retrieve his dead wife from the Underworld
  • Pandion (Πανδίων), the eponymous hero of the Attic tribe Pandionis, usually assumed to be one of the legendary Athenian kings Pandion I or Pandion II
  • Perseus (Περσεύς), son of Zeus and the founder-king of Mycenae and slayer of the Gorgon Medusa
  • Talthybius (Ταλθύβιος), herald and friend to Agamemnon. He was worshipped as a hero at Sparta and Argos, where sacrifices were offered to him.[16]
  • Theseus (Θησεύς), son of Poseidon and a king of Athens and slayer of the Minotaur

Notable women

  • Alcestis (Άλκηστις), daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetus, who was known for her devotion to her husband
  • Amymone, the one daughter of Danaus who refused to murder her husband, thus escaping her sisters' punishment
  • Andromache (Ανδρομάχη), wife of Hector
  • Andromeda (Ανδρομέδα), wife of Perseus, who was placed among the constellations after her death
  • Antigone (Αντιγόνη), daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta
  • Apemosyne (Ἀπημοσύνη), a Cretan princess who ran faster than Hermes
  • Arachne (Αράχνη), a skilled weaver, transformed by Athena into a spider for her blasphemy
  • Ariadne (Αριάδνη), daughter of Minos, king of Crete, who aided Theseus in overcoming the Minotaur and became the wife of Dionysus
  • Atalanta (Αταλάντη), fleet-footed heroine who participated in the Calydonian boar hunt and the quest for the Golden Fleece
  • Briseis, a princess of Lyrnessus, taken and given to Achilles as a war prize
  • Caeneus, formerly Caenis, a woman who was transformed into a man and became a mighty warrior
  • Cassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believed
  • Cassiopeia (Κασσιόπεια), queen of Æthiopia and mother of Andromeda
  • Clytemnestra, sister of Helen and unfaithful wife of Agamemnon
  • Danaë, the mother of Perseus by Zeus
  • Deianeira, the third wife and unwitting killer of Heracles
  • Electra, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, she aided her brother Orestes in plotting revenge against their mother for the murder of their father
  • Europa, a Phoenician woman, abducted by Zeus
  • Hecuba (Ἑκάβη), wife of Priam, king of Troy, and mother of nineteen of his children
  • Helen, daughter of Zeus and Leda, whose abduction brought about the Trojan War
  • Hermione (Ἑρμιόνη), daughter of Menelaus and Helen; wife of Neoptolemus, and later Orestes
  • Iphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; Agamemnon sacrificed her to Artemis in order to appease the goddess
  • Ismene, sister of Antigone
  • Jocasta, mother and wife of Oedipus
  • Medea, a sorceress and wife of Jason, who killed her own children to punish Jason for his infidelity
  • Medusa, a mortal woman transformed into a hideous gorgon by Athena
  • Niobe, a daughter of Tantalus who declared herself to be superior to Leto, causing Artemis and Apollo to kill her fourteen children
  • Pandora, the first woman
  • Penelope, loyal wife of Odysseus
  • Phaedra, daughter of Minos and wife of Theseus
  • Polyxena, the youngest daughter of Priam, sacrificed to the ghost of Achilles
  • Semele, mortal mother of Dionysus
  • Thrace, the daughter of Oceanus and Parthenope, and sister of Europa

Kings

Seers/oracles

  • Amphilochus (Ἀμφίλοχος), a seer and brother of Alcmaeon who died in the war of the Seven against Thebes
  • Anius, son of Apollo who prophesied that the Trojan War would be won in its tenth year
  • Asbolus, a seer Centaur
  • Bakis
  • Branchus, a seer and son of Apollo
  • Calchas, an Argive seer who aided the Greeks during the Trojan War
  • Carnus, an Acarnanian seer and lover of Apollo
  • Carya, a seer and lover of Dionysus
  • Cassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believed
  • Ennomus, a Mysian seer, killed by Achilles during the Trojan War
  • Halitherses, an Ithacan seer who warned Penelope's suitors of Odysseus' return
  • Helenus, seer and twin brother of Cassandra, who later became king of Epirus
  • Iamus, a son of Apollo possessing the gift of prophecy, he founded the Iamidai
  • Idmon, a seer who sailed with the Argonauts
  • Manto, seer and daughter of Tiresias
  • Melampus, a legendary soothsayer and healer, and king of Argos
  • Mopsus, the name of two legendary seers
  • Polyeidos, a Corinthian seer who saved the life of Glaucus
  • Pythia, the oracle of Delphi
  • Telemus, a seer who foresaw that the Cyclops Polyphemus would be blinded by Odysseus
  • Theoclymenus, an Argive seer
  • Tiresias, blind prophet of Thebes

Amazons

  • Aegea, a queen of the Amazons
  • Aella (Ἄελλα), an Amazon who was killed by Heracles
  • Alcibie (Ἀλκιβίη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Diomedes at Troy
  • Antandre (Ἀντάνδρη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at Troy
  • Antiope (Ἀντιόπη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta
  • Areto (Ἀρετώ), an Amazon
  • Asteria (Ἀστερία), an Amazon who was killed by Heracles
  • Bremusa (Βρέμουσα), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Idomeneus at Troy
  • Celaeno (Κελαινώ), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Heracles
  • Eurypyle (Εὐρυπύλη), an Amazon leader who invaded Ninus and Babylonia
  • Hippolyta (Ἱππολύτη), a queen of Amazons and daughter of Ares
  • Hippothoe (Ἱπποθόη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at Troy
  • Iphito (Ἰφιτώ), an Amazon who served under Hippolyta
  • Lampedo (Λαμπεδώ), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister Marpesia
  • Marpesia (Μαρπεσία), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister Lampedo
  • Melanippe (Μελανίππη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta and Antiope
  • Molpadia (Μολπαδία), an Amazon who killed Antiope
  • Myrina (Μύρινα), a queen of the Amazons
  • Orithyia (Ὠρείθυια), an Amazon queen
  • Otrera (Ὀτρήρα), an Amazon queen, consort of Ares and mother of Hippolyta
  • Pantariste (Πανταρίστη), an Amazon who fought with Hippolyta against Heracles
  • Penthesilea (Πενθεσίλεια), an Amazon queen who fought in the Trojan War on the side of Troy
  • Thalestris (Θάληστρις), a queen of the Amazons
 
Achilles and Penthesileia (Lucanian red-figure bell-krater, late 5th century BC)

Inmates of Tartarus

  • The Danaides, forty-nine daughters of Danaus who murdered their husbands and were condemned to an eternity of carrying water in leaky jugs
  • Ixion, a king of the Lapiths who attempted to rape Hera and was bound to a flaming wheel in Tartarus
  • Sisyphus, a king of Thessaly who attempted to cheat death and was sentenced to an eternity of rolling a boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back down
  • Tantalus, a king of Anatolia who butchered his son Pelops and served him as a meal to the gods; he was punished with the torment of starvation, food and drink eternally dangling just out of reach

Minor figures

Main article: List of minor Greek mythological figures

See also

References

  1. ^ March, Jennifer (2014). Dictionary of classical mythology. "Aphrodite". ISBN 9781782976356.
  2. ^ March, Jennifer (2014). Dictionary of classical mythology. "Apollo". ISBN 9781782976356.
  3. ^ March, Jennifer (2014). Dictionary of classical mythology. "Ares". ISBN 9781782976356.
  4. ^ March, Jennifer (2014). Dictionary of classical mythology. "Artemis". ISBN 9781782976356.
  5. ^ March, Jennifer (2014). Dictionary of classical mythology. "Athena". ISBN 9781782976356.
  6. ^ March, Jennifer (2014). Dictionary of classical mythology. "Demeter". ISBN 9781782976356.
  7. ^ March, Jennifer (2014). Dictionary of classical mythology. "Dionysus". ISBN 9781782976356.
  8. ^ March, Jennifer (2014). Dictionary of classical mythology. "Hades". ISBN 9781782976356.
  9. ^ "12 Greek Gods and Goddesses". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on Jan 26, 2024.
  10. ^ Kereny, p. 92: "There is no story of Hestia's ever having taken a husband or ever having been removed from her fixed abode."
  11. ^ Beazley Archive 200059, LIMC Gigantes 342 Archived 2015-12-27 at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ^ Guirand, Felix, ed. (16 December 1987). New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology. Crescent Books. ISBN 978-0-517-00404-3.
  13. ^ Oppian, Halieutica 1. 383 ff (trans. Mair) (Greek poet C3rd A.D.) : "The Delphines (Dolphins) both rejoice in the echoing shores and dwell in the deep seas, and there is no sea without Delphines (Dophins); for Poseidon loves them exceedingly, inasmuch as when he was seeking Amphitrite the dark-eyed daughter of Nereus who fled from his embraces, Delphines (the Dolphins) marked her hiding in the halls of Okeanos (Oceanus) and told Poseidon; and the god of the dark hair straightway carried off the maiden and overcame her against her will. Her he made his bride, queen of the sea, and for their tidings he commended his kindly attendants and bestowed on them exceeding honour for their portion."
  14. ^ A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), BENDIDEIA
  15. ^   Leonhard Schmitz (1870). "Epidotes". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.
  16. ^ Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Talthybius
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