George Edward Pelham Box FRS[1] (18 October 1919 – 28 March 2013) was a British statistician, who worked in the areas of quality control, time-series analysis, design of experiments, and Bayesian inference. He has been called "one of the great statistical minds of the 20th century". He is famous for the quote "All models are wrong but some are useful".[3][4][5][6]
George Box | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 18 October 1919 Gravesend, Kent, England |
| Died | 28 March 2013 (aged 93) |
| Alma mater | University College London |
| Known for | |
| Awards |
|
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Statistics |
| Institutions | |
| Thesis | Departures from Independence and Homoskedasticity in the Analysis of Variance and Related Statistical Analysis (1953) |
| Doctoral advisor | |
| Doctoral students | John F. MacGregor[2] Greta M. Ljung |
Education and early life
editHe was born in Gravesend, Kent, England. Upon entering university he began to study chemistry, but was called up for service before finishing. During World War II, he performed experiments for the British Army exposing small animals to poison gas. To analyze the results of his experiments, he taught himself statistics from available texts. After the war, he enrolled at University College London and obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics and statistics. He received a PhD from the University of London in 1953, under the supervision of Egon Pearson.[2][7]
Career and research
editFrom 1948 to 1956, Box worked as a statistician for Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). While at ICI, he took a leave of absence for a year and served as a visiting professor at North Carolina State University at Raleigh. He later went to Princeton University where he served as Director of the Statistical Research Group.
In 1960, Box moved to the University of Wisconsin–Madison to create the Department of Statistics. In 1980, he was named Vilas Research Professor of Statistics, which is the highest honor given to a member of the University of Wisconsin-Madison faculty.[8] Box and Bill Hunter co-founded the Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1985.[9] Box officially retired in 1992, becoming an emeritus professor.[10]
Box published books including Statistics for Experimenters (2nd ed., 2005), Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control (4th ed., 2008, with Gwilym Jenkins and Gregory C. Reinsel) and Bayesian Inference in Statistical Analysis. (1973, with George Tiao).
Awards and honours
editBox served as president of the American Statistical Association in 1978 and of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1979. He received the Shewhart Medal from the American Society for Quality Control in 1968, the Wilks Memorial Award from the American Statistical Association in 1972, the R. A. Fisher Lectureship in 1974, and the Guy Medal in Gold from the Royal Statistical Society in 1993. Box was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1974 and a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1985.[1]
His name is associated with results in statistics such as Box–Jenkins models, Box–Cox transformations, Box–Behnken designs, and others. Additionally, Box famously wrote, in various books and papers, that "all models are wrong, but some are useful".[11][12][13]
Personal life
editBox married Jessie Ward in 1945.[14] In 1959, Box married Joan Fisher, the second of Ronald Fisher's five daughters. In 1978, Joan Fisher Box published a biography of Ronald Fisher, with substantial collaboration with Box.[15] Box married Claire Louise Quist in 1985.
Selected publications
edit- Box, G.E.P, Cox, D.R. (1964) "An Analysis of Transformations". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 26 (2): 211–252.
References
edit- ^ a b c d Smith, A. F. M. (2015). "George Edward Pelham Box. 10 October 1919 – 28 March 2013". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 61: 23–37. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2015.0015. ISSN 0080-4606.
- ^ a b c George E. P. Box at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- ^ Julian Champkin, "George Box, (1919-2013): a wit, a kind man and a statistician Archived 15 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine", Significance.
- ^ Morris H. DeGroot (August 1987). "A Conversation with George Box". Statistical Science. 2 (3): 239–258. doi:10.1214/ss/1177013223. JSTOR 2245757.
- ^ Daniel Peña (2001). "George Box: An interview with the International Journal of Forecasting" (PDF). International Journal of Forecasting. 17: 1–9. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.200.5272. doi:10.1016/S0169-2070(00)00061-3.
- ^ Colin Beveridge (5 April 2013). "George E. P. Box (1919-2013)". The Aperiodical.
- ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "George E. P. Box", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ DeGroot, Morris H. (1 August 1987). "A Conversation with George Box". Statistical Science. 2 (3): 239–258. doi:10.1214/ss/1177013223. JSTOR 2245757.
- ^ Hunter, J. Stuart (May 2013). "In Memoriam: George E. P. Box". Technometrics. 55 (2): 119–120. doi:10.1080/00401706.2013.799372. S2CID 205459356.
- ^ Box, George (2013). "Box and Jenkins: Time Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control". In Mills, Terence C. (ed.). A Very British Affair. pp. 161–215. doi:10.1057/9781137291264_6. ISBN 9780230348189.
- ^ Box, G. E. P. (1976), "Science and Statistics" (PDF), Journal of the American Statistical Association, 71 (356): 791–799, doi:10.1080/01621459.1976.10480949.
- ^ Box, G. E. P.; Draper, N. R. (1987), Empirical Model-Building and Response Surfaces, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 74, 274, ISBN 9780471810339.
- ^ Box, G. E. P.; Hunter, J. S.; Hunter, W. G. (2005), Statistics for Experimenters (2nd ed.), John Wiley & Sons, pp. 208, 384, 440, ISBN 9780471718130.
- ^ Steinberg, David M. (1 January 2017). "Box, George Edward Pelham (1919–2013)" (PDF). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/109283. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Box, Joan Fisher (1978). "Preface". R. A. Fisher: The Life of a Scientist. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-09300-9. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017.
- ^ Jones, Bradley (29 March 2013). "George Box: A remembrance". SAS Institute Inc. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
External links
edit- Box-Behnken designs from a handbook on engineering statistics at NIST
- ASQ: George E.P. Box Accomplishments in statistics
- Articles and Reports by George Box
- Statistics for Experimenters - Second Edition, 2005 by George Box, William G. Hunter and Stuart Hunter
- Biography of George E. P. Box from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
- anomaly
.io /about /