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File:Gwsanjoaquin.jpg

Gwsanjoaquin.jpg (228 × 494 pixels, file size: 24 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Description
English: Approximate location of maximum subsidence in the United States identified by research efforts of Dr. Joseph F. Poland (pictured). Signs on pole show approximate altitude of land surface in 1925, 1955, and 1977. The site is in the San Joaquin Valley southwest of Mendota, California. The compaction of unconsolidated aquifer systems that can accompany excessive ground-water pumping is by far the single largest cause of subsidence. The overdraft of such aquifer systems has resulted in permanent subsidence and related ground failures. In aquifer systems that include semiconsolidated silt and clay layers (aquitards) of sufficient aggregate thickness, long-term ground-water-level declines can result in a vast one-time release of “water of compaction” from compacting aquitards, which manifests itself as land subsidence.
Русский: Примерное место максимального проседания в США, определенное исследовательскими усилиями доктора Джозефа Ф. Поланда (на фото). Знаки на столбе показывают приблизительную высоту поверхности земли в 1925, 1955 и 1977 годах. Место находится в долине Сан-Хоакин к юго-западу от Мендоты, Калифорния. Уплотнение рыхлых систем водоносных горизонтов, которое может сопровождаться чрезмерным откачиванием грунтовых вод, на сегодняшний день является самой крупной причиной проседания. Перерасход таких систем водоносных горизонтов привел к постоянному проседанию грунта и связанным с этим провалам грунта. В системах водоносных горизонтов, включающих полуконсолидированные слои ила и глины (водоупоры) достаточной совокупной мощности, долгосрочные понижения уровня грунтовых вод могут привести к обширному единовременному выбросу «воды уплотнения» из уплотняющихся водоупоров, что проявляется как оседание земли.
Date Not dated, presumably 1977
Source USGS photo via [1]
Author Uncredited US Geological Survey photographer
Permission
(Reusing this file)
Public domain
This image is in the public domain in the United States because it only contains materials that originally came from the United States Geological Survey, an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. For more information, see the official USGS copyright policy.

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Other versions Previously uploaded to en:Wikipedia as en:File:Gwsanjoaquin.jpg 13:49, 19 February 2007 by en:User:Zeizmic

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current14:15, 9 August 2009Thumbnail for version as of 14:15, 9 August 2009228 × 494 (24 KB)Infrogmation{{Information |Description= Approximate location of maximum subsidence in the United States identified by research efforts of Dr. Joseph F. Poland (pictured). Signs on pole show approximate altitude of land surface in 1925, 1955, and 1977. The site is in

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