Cortez (/ˈkɔːrtɛz/ ) is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Montezuma County, Colorado, United States.[1] The city population was 8,766 at the 2020 United States Census.[5]
Cortez, Colorado | |
|---|---|
 Cortez city hall, built in 2017. | |
 Location of the City of Cortez in Montezuma County, Colorado. | |
  Cortez Location of the City of Cortez in the United States.  Cortez Cortez (Colorado) | |
| Coordinates: 37°22′05″N 108°33′45″W / 37.36806°N 108.56250°W[3] | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Colorado |
| County | Montezuma County seat[2] |
| Government | |
| • Type | Home rule municipality[1] |
| • Mayor | Rachel Medina[4] |
| Area | |
• Total | 6.274 sq mi (16.249 km2) |
| • Land | 6.230 sq mi (16.136 km2) |
| • Water | 0.044 sq mi (0.113 km2) |
| Elevation | 6,181 ft (1,884 m) |
| Population | |
• Total | 8,766 |
| • Density | 1,407/sq mi (543/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−07:00 (MST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−06:00 (MDT) |
| ZIP Code | 81321 |
| Area code | 970 |
| FIPS code | 08-17375 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2410236[6] |
| Website | City of Cortez |
History
editIn 1886, the town was built to provide housing for the men working on the tunnels and irrigation ditches required to divert water out of the Dolores River and into Montezuma Valley.[7] The town was named for Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés.[8]
It is a popular stop for tourists, who stay there because of its central location among surrounding attractions, such as Mesa Verde National Park, Monument Valley, and the Four Corners.
Prehistoric sites
editThere are many prehistoric sites in the Cortez area, listed on the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties or both the state register and the National Register of Historic Places. They include large parks or centers, such as Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Canyon of the Ancients National Monument, Hovenweep National Monument, and Mesa Verde National Park. There are also smaller or individuals sites, such as Cowboy Wash, Hawkins Pueblo and cliff dwellings, Lowry Ruin, Mitchell Springs Archeological Site, also known as the Mitchell Springs Ruin Group, Mud Springs Pueblo, and Yucca House National Monument. Within the McElmo Drainage Unit (AD 1075–1300) is Cannonball Ruins, Maxwell Community, Roy's Ruin, Sand Canyon Archaeological District, and Wallace Ruin.[9][10]
Historic trails or byways
editThe following are trails or byways through the Cortez area:
1959 U-2 emergency landing
editA Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft made an emergency nighttime forced landing August 3, 1959, at the Cortez Municipal Airport.[11] Republic of China Air Force Major Hsi-Chun Mike Hua[12] was on a training flight originating at Laughlin AFB, Texas; the U-2 aircraft engine flamed out at 70,000 feet MSL. Maj. Hua established best glide and was able to navigate through a valley to a lighted airport that wasn't on his map, of the existence of which he was unaware until he found it. The airport was the only one in the area with a lighted runway which was illuminated overnight.[11]
Geography
editAt the 2020 United States Census, the city had a total area of 4,015 acres (16.249 km2) including 28 acres (0.113 km2) of water.[5]
Climate
editCortez has a dry-summer continental climate (Köppen Dsb), though it borders on a semi-arid climate (BSk) due to low precipitation. The city has hot summer days and cold winter nights, the latter a result of its elevation.
| Climate data for Cortez, Colorado, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1911–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 63 (17) |
79 (26) |
80 (27) |
88 (31) |
95 (35) |
102 (39) |
102 (39) |
99 (37) |
99 (37) |
88 (31) |
75 (24) |
65 (18) |
102 (39) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 54.3 (12.4) |
59.8 (15.4) |
69.8 (21.0) |
77.4 (25.2) |
86.3 (30.2) |
94.2 (34.6) |
98.0 (36.7) |
94.6 (34.8) |
90.0 (32.2) |
80.5 (26.9) |
67.6 (19.8) |
56.6 (13.7) |
98.3 (36.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 42.9 (6.1) |
47.2 (8.4) |
56.0 (13.3) |
63.5 (17.5) |
73.4 (23.0) |
85.3 (29.6) |
90.5 (32.5) |
87.7 (30.9) |
80.1 (26.7) |
67.4 (19.7) |
54.1 (12.3) |
43.2 (6.2) |
65.9 (18.8) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 29.7 (−1.3) |
34.4 (1.3) |
41.8 (5.4) |
48.2 (9.0) |
57.3 (14.1) |
67.3 (19.6) |
73.8 (23.2) |
71.7 (22.1) |
63.8 (17.7) |
51.5 (10.8) |
39.9 (4.4) |
30.4 (−0.9) |
50.8 (10.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 16.6 (−8.6) |
21.5 (−5.8) |
27.6 (−2.4) |
32.9 (0.5) |
41.3 (5.2) |
49.4 (9.7) |
57.2 (14.0) |
55.8 (13.2) |
47.5 (8.6) |
35.5 (1.9) |
25.8 (−3.4) |
17.7 (−7.9) |
35.7 (2.1) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −1.0 (−18.3) |
4.0 (−15.6) |
13.9 (−10.1) |
20.5 (−6.4) |
27.9 (−2.3) |
37.3 (2.9) |
47.6 (8.7) |
47.2 (8.4) |
34.1 (1.2) |
21.3 (−5.9) |
10.5 (−11.9) |
0.3 (−17.6) |
−4.3 (−20.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −27 (−33) |
−31 (−35) |
−7 (−22) |
6 (−14) |
15 (−9) |
27 (−3) |
31 (−1) |
30 (−1) |
23 (−5) |
7 (−14) |
−14 (−26) |
−22 (−30) |
−31 (−35) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.06 (27) |
0.96 (24) |
0.86 (22) |
0.72 (18) |
0.93 (24) |
0.37 (9.4) |
1.25 (32) |
1.34 (34) |
1.48 (38) |
1.08 (27) |
0.85 (22) |
0.89 (23) |
11.79 (300.4) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 8.0 (20) |
7.2 (18) |
5.0 (13) |
2.2 (5.6) |
0.3 (0.76) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.6 (1.5) |
2.7 (6.9) |
7.4 (19) |
33.4 (84.76) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 5.1 (13) |
4.1 (10) |
1.6 (4.1) |
0.7 (1.8) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.3 (0.76) |
1.3 (3.3) |
3.8 (9.7) |
6.6 (17) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.7 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 2.8 | 7.4 | 8.4 | 6.9 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 7.2 | 74.4 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 5.8 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 5.1 | 23.8 |
| Source 1: NOAA[13] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service[14] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 332 | — | |
| 1900 | 125 | −62.3% | |
| 1910 | 565 | 352.0% | |
| 1920 | 541 | −4.2% | |
| 1930 | 921 | 70.2% | |
| 1940 | 1,778 | 93.1% | |
| 1950 | 2,680 | 50.7% | |
| 1960 | 6,764 | 152.4% | |
| 1970 | 6,032 | −10.8% | |
| 1980 | 7,095 | 17.6% | |
| 1990 | 7,284 | 2.7% | |
| 2000 | 7,977 | 9.5% | |
| 2010 | 8,482 | 6.3% | |
| 2020 | 8,766 | 3.3% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census | |||
As of the census[15] of 2010, there were 8,482 people, 3,590 households, and 2,234 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,449.9 inhabitants per square mile (559.8/km2). There were 3,885 housing units at an average density of 637.6 per square mile (246.2/km2). The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male (4,083) and 51.9% female (4,399). The racial makeup of the city was 79.2% White, 0.4% African American, 11.8% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 6.04% from other races, and 2.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.30% of the population.
There were 3,590 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $28,776, and the median income for a family was $35,533. Males had a median income of $30,755 versus $20,280 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,040. About 14.8% of families and 18.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.3% of those under age 18 and 17.3% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
edit
Cortez is a local commercial center, competing with Durango in the east, and Farmington, New Mexico in the south, and draws trade from southeastern Utah, the extreme northeastern corner of Arizona, the Shiprock area of Northwestern New Mexico, and San Miguel, Dolores, Montezuma, and parts of La Plata County in Colorado. Its economy is based very heavily on tourism, both to nearby Mesa Verde National Park as well as to San Juan National Forest, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands in the area (including Canyons of the Ancients National Monument, as well as the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe and Navajo Indian Reservations).
Mesa Verde National Park, featuring Ancestral Pueblo cliff dwellings, is situated southeast of Cortez.
Cortez is home to the headquarters of Osprey Packs, who employ over 100 people in Cortez.[16]
Education
editCortez Public Schools are part of the Montezuma-Cortez School District RE-1. The district has one preschool, five elementary schools, one middle school and one high school. The educational system is currently suffering a loss of 1.6% according to the Transitional Colorado Assessment Program.
Montezuma-Cortez RE-1 Pre-School, Kemper Elementary School, Lewis-Arriola Elementary School, Manaugh Elementary School, Mesa Elementary Schools, Pleasant View Elementary School, Cortez Middle School and Montezuma-Cortez High School are located in Cortez. The high school mascot is the Panther.
Government
editThe City Council of Cortez is composed of seven members including the Mayor and Mayor Pro-tem. The current mayor of Cortez is Rachel Medina and the mayor pro-tem is Lydia DeHaven.[17]
Transportation
editCortez Municipal Airport serves Cortez. Cortez is part of Colorado's Bustang network. It is on the Durango-Grand Junction Outrider line.[18]
Notable people
edit- William B. Ebbert, rancher and politician, represented Cortez in the Colorado General Assembly.
- Vince Lee, American architect, climber, and mountaineer
- Michael Milenski, Cortez native who was founder and general director of Long Beach Opera.
- Chuck Nevitt, former NBA basketball player
- Scott Tipton, U.S. House of Representatives - Colorado's 3rd District
- Eli Tomac, Professional dirt bike racer
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Active Colorado Municipalities". Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
- ^ "Colorado Counties". State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
- ^ "2014 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Places". United States Census Bureau. July 1, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
- ^ "Meet Rachel Medina, Cortez's New Mayor". The Journal. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
- ^ a b c d "Decennial Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data". United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce. August 12, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
- ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Cortez, Colorado
- ^ "History of Cortez". The City of Cortez. Archived from the original on May 14, 2012. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
- ^ Dawson, John Frank (1954). Place names in Colorado: why 700 communities were so named, 150 of Spanish or Indian origin. Denver, CO: The J. Frank Dawson Publishing Co. p. 15.
- ^ National Register of Historic Places in Montezuma County, Colorado American Dreams, Inc. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
- ^ National & State Registers. Archived April 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Colorado Historical Society, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ a b "1959 "alien landing" was an ROC pilot in a spy plane 「外星人登陸」？ U2機台灣駕駛啦！". Taipei Times. February 27, 2010. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
- ^ "2009 Cortez Aviation Heritage Celebration". Cortez Aviation Heritage Society. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Cortez, CO". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
- ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Grand Junction". National Weather Service. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ Mimiaga, Jim. "The Osprey Packs story: Its roots, success, sale and its future in Cortez". Durango Herald. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
- ^ "City Council - Cortez, CO - Official Website". City of Cortez. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
- ^ "Bustang Schedule". RideBustang. CDOT.