Elizabeth Margaret Sinclair (3 December 1910 – 25 December 1981)[1] was an Irish communist organiser.
Betty Sinclair | |
|---|---|
 c. 1930–31 | |
| Born | 3 December 1910 |
| Died | 25 December 1981 (aged 71) Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| Occupation | Political organiser |
| Political party | Communist Party of Ireland |
| Other political affiliations | Communist Party of Northern Ireland |
Early life
editBorn at 44 Hooker Street in Ardoyne, Belfast on 3 December 1910, Sinclair came from a Church of Ireland family and was the daughter of Joseph Sinclair, a sawyer, and Margaret, née Turney, both natives of Belfast. She became a millworker alongside her mother after leaving school at the age of 15. She joined the Revolutionary Workers' Groups (RWG) in 1932.[2] In 1933, she was involved in the Outdoor Relief Strike. She then attended the International Lenin School in Moscow until 1935.[3][4]
The RWG established the Communist Party of Ireland (CPI) in 1933, and Sinclair became a leading member.[4] In 1940 she was arrested after the CPI paper Unity published an article allegedly sympathetic to the IRA, and she was sentenced to two months' imprisonment in 1941. The same year she became a full-time party worker in Belfast.
War and post-war
editWhen the all-Ireland CPI dissolved in 1941, Sinclair remained an active member of the Communist Party of Northern Ireland (CPNI) and served as its Secretary from 1942 to 1945.[2] She stood for the group in Belfast Cromac at the 1945 Northern Ireland general election, taking almost one third of the votes.[3][5] In 1947, Sinclair was appointed full-time secretary of the Belfast and District Trades Union Council.[3]
In 1941 Sinclair was arrested and imprisoned after publishing a controversial article in the Red Hand, the official party paper of the Communist Party of Ireland. The Communist Party of Ireland and the Red Hand were worried by the IRA's willingness to explore links with Nazi Germany in order to secure support for a United Ireland, and this was expressed in the Red Hand, questioning if the IRA was turning into a pro-fascist organisation. Republicans sought a chance to respond to this, and the Red Hand allowed Jack Brady to write an article voicing their views. However, the IRA was a proscribed (banned) organisation at the time in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, and publishing their material was illegal. As part editor of the party, Sinclair was held responsible for the article and later interned, originally for a two-year prison sentence, but this was reduced to two months on appeal. She served her sentence in Armagh Jail, in conditions she described as "medieval".[6][4]
Sinclair campaigned to restore the American Paul Robeson's passport. Robeson, a noted musician and activist, had supported the Allies during World War 2. However, he was denied a passport by the US State Department due to a long history of supporting left-wing politics and a pro-Soviet Union stance, as well as an anti-colonial attitude.[7] In 1958, Sinclair personally met Robeson when he came to Belfast while on a worldwide tour.[4]
Final stages and death
editSinclair was the Trades Council's representative at the talks which founded the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) in 1967, and she served as NICRA chair until 1969, when she resigned, claiming it had become dominated by ultra leftists and was worsening sectarian divisions. She stepped down from her trades council post in 1975, and moved to Prague to work for the World Marxist Review, before returning to Belfast.[3] On Christmas Day 1981, Sinclair died from smoke inhalation caused by a fire in her flat in East Belfast.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b Maurice Cronin, 'Sinclair, Elizabeth (Betty)', Dictionary of Irish Biography, https://dib.cambridge.org/viewReadPage.do?articleId=a8088 Archived 17 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 14 February 2021.
- ^ a b Michael Farrell, Northern Ireland: The Orange State, Pluto Press (2nd edition, June 1980); ISBN 0861043006/ISBN 978-0861043002.
- ^ a b c d "Betty Sinclair profile Archived 20 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine, communistpartyofireland.ie. Accessed 25 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Betty Sinclair". A CENTURY OF WOMEN. Archived from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
- ^ ""The Communist Party of Ireland: A Critical History" Archived 28 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine, workersrepublic.org; accessed 25 February 2015.
- ^ Hazel Morrissey, "Betty Sinclair: A Woman's Fight For Socialism, 1910–1981". Saothar, Vol. 9, 1983, pp. 121–132. [1] Archived 28 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 28 January 2019.
- ^ Martin B. Duberman, 1989. Paul Robeson. Bodley Head. pp. 388–389 ISBN 978-0370305752.