Wikipedia

Anita Ekberg

Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg[1] (29 September 1931 – 11 January 2015) was a Swedish actress active in American and European films, known for her beauty and curvaceous figure. She became prominent in her iconic role as Sylvia in the Federico Fellini film La Dolce Vita (1960).[2] Ekberg worked primarily in Italy, where she became a permanent resident in 1964.[3]

Anita Ekberg
Ekberg in 1956
PronunciationEnglish: /əˈniːtə ˈɛkbɜːrɡ/
Swedish: [aˈnîːta ˈêːkbærj] ⓘ
Italian: [aˈniːta ˈɛkberɡ]
Born
Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg

(1931-09-29)29 September 1931
Malmö, Sweden
Died11 January 2015(2015-01-11) (aged 83)
Rocca di Papa, Italy
Occupation(s)Actress, model
Years active1953–2002
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1956; div. 1959)​
​
​
(m. 1963; div. 1975)​

Early life

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Anita Ekberg was born on 29 September 1931, in Malmö, Skåne (Sweden), the sixth of eight children. In her teens, Anita worked as a fashion model. Ekberg entered the Miss Malmö competition in 1950 at her mother's urging. This led to the Miss Sweden contest which she won. Despite speaking very little English, she went to the United States to compete for the 1951 Miss Universe title (an unofficial pageant at that time, the pageant became official in 1952).[2]

Career

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Universal Studios

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Although Ekberg did not win the Miss Universe pageant, as one of six finalists, she did earn a starlet's contract with Universal Studios.[4]

As a starlet at Universal, she received lessons in drama, elocution, dancing, horseback riding, and fencing. She appeared briefly in The Mississippi Gambler (1953) with Tyrone Power, Abbott and Costello Go to Mars (1953) (playing a woman on Venus), Take Me to Town (1953) with Ann Sheridan, and The Golden Blade (1953) with Rock Hudson and Piper Laurie.

Ekberg skipped many of her drama lessons, restricting herself to riding horses in the Hollywood Hills. Ekberg later admitted she was spoiled by the studio system and played, instead of pursuing bigger film roles.[4] Universal dropped her after six months.[5]

Batjac and Paramount

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Ekberg in War and Peace (1956)

The combination of Ekberg's voluptuous physique and colourful private life (such as her well-publicized romances with Hollywood's leading men like Frank Sinatra, Tyrone Power, Yul Brynner, Rod Taylor, and Errol Flynn)[2][6] appealed to the gossip magazines, like Confidential and she soon became a major 1950s pin-up, appearing in men's magazines like Playboy.[7] Additionally, Ekberg participated in publicity stunts. She once admitted that an incident in which her dress burst open in the lobby of London's Berkeley Hotel[8] was prearranged with a photographer.[4]

Ekberg toured Greenland with Bob Hope, entertaining American servicemen. Hope spoke of her beauty and John Wayne signed her to a contract with his Batjac Productions at $75 a week.[5]

By the mid-1950s, after several modelling jobs, Ekberg finally broke into the film industry. She guest-starred in the short-lived TV series Casablanca (1955) and Private Secretary.

She had a small part in the film Blood Alley (1955) starring John Wayne and Lauren Bacall, made for Wayne's Batjac Productions. It was her first real speaking role in a feature.[9] She appeared alongside the Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis comedy act in Artists and Models (1955), directed by Frank Tashlin for Paramount, playing "Anita".

Ekberg's greatest opportunity was when Paramount cast her in War and Peace (1956) which was shot in Rome, alongside Mel Ferrer and Audrey Hepburn, directed by King Vidor. For a time, she was even publicised as "Paramount's Marilyn Monroe".[10]

 
Ekberg in Hollywood or Bust (1956)

Ekberg was third billed in a thriller for Batjac, Man in the Vault (1956).[11] It was distributed by RKO Pictures who had given Ekberg an excellent part in Back from Eternity (1956), directed by John Farrow.[12]

Ekberg signed a deal with Warwick Pictures, the company of producers Albert Broccoli and Irwin Allen, who made films in England. She did Zarak (1956) with Victor Mature.

Ekberg returned to Hollywood to make a second film with Martin and Lewis (and Tashlin), Hollywood or Bust (1956). Ekberg made a second film for Warwick with Mature, Interpol (1957).[12] In 1956, Hedda Hopper said her fee was $75,000 per picture.[5]

She was announced for Glare directed by Budd Boetticher, but it was not made.[13]

When John Wayne split up with his producing partner Robert Fellows, Fellows took over Ekberg's contract.[14]

Gerd Oswald

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Ekberg returned to Hollywood to make Valerie (1957) with Sterling Hayden and her then-husband Anthony Steel for director Gerd Oswald.[12][15] She co-starred with Bob Hope and Fernandel in Paris Holiday (1958). This film was also directed by Oswald, as was Screaming Mimi (1958). She did a third for Warwick, The Man Inside (1958) with Jack Palance. Another film was announced for her, entitled A Lot of Woman, but it was not made.[16]

Italy and La Dolce Vita

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Ekberg went to Italy to star in Sheba and the Gladiator (1959), playing Zenobia.[17]

 
Anita Ekberg in La Dolce Vita (1960)

She stayed in Rome to make La Dolce Vita (1960) for Federico Fellini, performing as Sylvia Rank, the unattainable "dream woman" of the character played by Marcello Mastroianni. The film features a scene of her cavorting in Rome's Trevi Fountain alongside Mastroianni, which has been called "one of cinema's most iconic scenes".[2][18]

The movie was an international sensation and Ekberg settled in Rome.[19] She had the lead in an Italian-French co production, Last Train to Shanghai (1960) (aka The Dam on the Yellow River), then was in Le tre eccetera del colonnello (1960), The Call Girl Business (1960),[12] Behind Closed Doors (1961), and The Mongols (1961), which had an American director (Andre de Toth) and co star (Jack Palance).

She later said "things became a little bit boring for me after La Dolce Vita because every producer or director in Italy, England and America wanted me to recreate the same role – the movie star from America who comes over to Italy."[20]

Ekberg then appeared in Boccaccio '70 (1962), a film that also featured Sophia Loren and Romy Schneider. Soon thereafter, Ekberg was being considered by Broccoli to play the first Bond girl, Honey Ryder in Dr. No, but the role went to the then-unknown Ursula Andress.[12] However Broccoli then cast her in Call Me Bwana (1963) with Bob Hope. Call Me Bwana was featured in the second Bond film, From Russia with Love, during a sequence where Ali Kerim Bey assassinates the Russian agent Krilencu with a sniper rifle. Krilencu attempts to escape through a window, which is situated in Anita Ekberg's mouth, on the wall-sized poster: "She should have kept her mouth shut", Bond quips.[21]

Ekberg co-starred with Andress, Frank Sinatra, and Dean Martin in the western-comedy 4 for Texas (1963). She returned to Europe to make Love Factory (1964) and Who Wants to Sleep? (1965). She went to England for an Agatha Christie adaptation, The Alphabet Murders (1965), directed by Frank Tashlin who had directed her two Martin and Lewis films.

Ekberg was in the Italian How I Learned to Love Women (1966) then had a small role in a Jerry Lewis comedy, Way... Way Out (1966). She was in Pardon, Are You For or Against? (1966), an Alberto Sordi comedy; The Cobra (1967), an Italian crime film with Dana Andrews; The Glass Sphinx (1967) with Robert Taylor; Woman Times Seven (1967), an anthology directed by Vittorio De Sica, in a segment with Michael Caine; and Crónica de un atraco (1968).

She had a cameo in If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium (1969) and the lead in Fangs of the Living Dead (1969), Death Knocks Twice (1969), and A Candidate for a Killing (1969).

Later career

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Fellini called Ekberg back for a cameo in The Clowns (1970). She had bigger parts in The Divorce (1970) with Vittorio Gassman; The Conjugal Debt (1970); Quella chiara notte d'ottobre (1970); The French Sex Murders (1972), a giallo; and Deadly Trackers (1972).

She went to Asia to make a Hollywood film, Northeast of Seoul (1972). In 1972, she sued an Italian magazine for publishing naked photographs of her.[22]

Ekberg was also in Gold of the Amazon Women (1979), Killer Nun (1979), S.H.E: Security Hazards Expert (1980), Cicciabomba (1982), and The Seduction of Angela (1986). Fellini used her in Intervista (1987), appearing as herself in a reunion scene with Mastroianni.[12]

Later performances included Count Max (1991), Ambrogio (1992), Cattive ragazze (1992), Witness Run (1996), and Bámbola (1996), in a part turned down by Gina Lollobrigida. She had a good part in Le nain rouge (1998).[23][24]

She guest-starred in the Italian TV series Il bello delle donne (2001).

In 2021 actress Monica Bellucci co-produced and starred in a mockumentary dedicated to Ekberg, called “The girl in the fountain” presented as a special event at the 2021 Torino Film festival.

Personal life

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Ekberg in Lund in 2007

Both of Ekberg's marriages were to actors, but neither of them succeeded. She was married to Anthony Steel from 22 May 1956 until their divorce on 14 May 1959 and to Rik Van Nutter from 9 April 1963 until their divorce in 1975.[2][6] In a 2006 interview she said she wished she had a child,[25] but stated just the opposite six months later.[26] Ekberg's great love was Gianni Agnelli, the Italian industrialist and owner of Fiat. They were lovers for several years, although he was married.[27][28]

Ekberg was often outspoken in interviews, e.g., naming famous people she reportedly "couldn't bear". She was also frequently quoted as saying that it was Fellini who owed his success to her, rather than vice versa: "They would like to keep up the story that Fellini made me famous, that Fellini discovered me", she said in a 1999 interview with The New York Times.[29]

In 1960, after paparazzi followed her home to her villa from a nightclub, she was photographed kneeing one of them in the groin, and pulling out a bow and arrow to threaten others.[30] Felice Quinto claimed she shot arrows at him. [31]

Ekberg did not live in Sweden after the early 1950s, and rarely visited the country. However, she welcomed Swedish journalists into her home outside Rome and in 2005, appeared on the popular radio program Sommar, talking about her life. She stated in an interview that she would not move back to Sweden but would be buried there.[25]

In 1963, she was sued by her publicist.[32] In 1977, she was robbed in August and in December.[33]

On 19 July 2009, she was admitted to the San Giovanni Hospital in Rome after falling ill in her home in Genzano, according to a medical official in the hospital's neurosurgery department. Despite her condition not being serious, Ekberg was put under observation in the facility.[34]

In December 2011, it was reported that the 80-year-old Ekberg was "destitute" following three months in a Rimini hospital with a broken hip, during which time her home was robbed of jewelry and furniture,[2] and her villa was badly damaged by fire.[35] Ekberg applied for help from the Fellini Foundation, which also found itself in difficult financial straits.[36]

Death

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Ekberg died on 11 January 2015, at the age of 83, at the clinic San Raffaele in Rocca di Papa, Roman Castles, from complications of chronic illnesses. The actress had been in a wheelchair for several years after being knocked down by one of her pet Great Danes, which broke her hip.[2][37][38] Ekberg's funeral service was held on 14 January 2015, at the Lutheran-Evangelical Christuskirche in Rome, after which her body was cremated and her remains were buried at the cemetery of Skanör Church in Sweden, in accordance with her wishes to be buried in the land of her birth.[39]

Filmography

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Film

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Year Title Role Notes Ref.
1953 The Mississippi Gambler Maid of honor Uncredited [40]
Abbott and Costello Go to Mars Venusian guard [41]
Take Me to Town Dancehall Girl Uncredited
The Golden Blade Handmaiden Uncredited
1955 Blood Alley Wei Ling, Big Han's wife [42]
Artists and Models Anita [43]
1956 War and Peace Hélène Kuragin
Back from Eternity Rena [44]
Man in the Vault Flo Randall [45]
Zarak Salma [46][47]
Hollywood or Bust Herself
1957 Interpol Gina Broger [48]
Valerie Valerie Horvat [49][50]
1958 Paris Holiday Zara [51][52]
Screaming Mimi Virginia Wilson a.k.a. Yolanda Lange
The Man Inside Trudie Hall
1959 Sheba and the Gladiator Zenobia [53]
1960 La Dolce Vita Sylvia [54]
The Dam on the Yellow River Miss Dorothy Simmons [55][56][page needed]
Le tre eccetera del colonnello Georgina
Anonima cocottes
1961 Behind Closed Doors Olga Duvovich [57][58][59][60]
The Mongols Hulina
1962 Boccaccio '70 Herself Segment "Le tentazioni del dottor Antonio" [61]
1963 Call Me Bwana Luba [62]
4 for Texas Elya Carlson [63]
Bianco, rosso, giallo, rosa Alberchiaria
1965 Who Wants to Sleep? Lolita Young [64]
The Alphabet Murders Amanda
1966 How I Learned to Love Women Margaret Joyce [55][65]
Way...Way Out Anna Soblova
Pardon, Are You For or Against? Baroness Olga [66][67]
1967 The Cobra Lou [55][56][page needed]
The Glass Sphinx Paulette [68]
Woman Times Seven Claudie Segment "Snow"
1968 Crónica de un atraco Bessie
1969 If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium Performer
Malenka Malenka / Sylvia Morel [69][70]
Un sudario a la medida Jacqueline Monnard
Death Knocks Twice Sophia Perretti [71]
1970 The Divorce Flavia [72][73]
Il debito coniugale Ines
Quella chiara notte d'ottobre
The Clowns Herself [74]
1972 Casa d'appuntamento Madame Colette
La lunga cavalcata della vendetta Jane
Northeast of Seoul Katherine [75][76]
1979 Killer Nun Sister Gertrude [77]
1980 S*H*E Dr. Biebling
1982 Cicciabomba Baronessa Judith von Kemp
1986 Dolce pelle di Angela Signora Rocchi
1987 Intervista Herself
1991 Count Max Marika [78]
1992 Ambrogio Clarice
Dov'era Lei a quell'Ora? Anita Ekberg
Cattive ragazze Milli
1996 Bambola Mother Greta
1998 Le nain rouge Paola Bendoni

Television

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Year Title Role Notes Ref.
1979 Gold of the Amazon Women Queen Na-Eela Television film

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ "Anita Ekberg". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. 2015. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "La Dolce Vita star Anita Ekberg dies". BBC. 11 January 2015. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  3. ^ "Anita Ekberg To Become Italian Citizen" (PDF). North Tonawanda Evening News. 15 October 1964. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  4. ^ a b c Sullivan (1995).
  5. ^ a b c Hopper, Hedda (23 September 1956). "Anita Ekberg Caught in Whirl of Stardom: Anita Ekberg Caught in Whirl of Fame After Triumphal Return to Hollywood". Los Angeles Times. p. D1.
  6. ^ a b Bernstein, Adam (11 January 2015). "Anita Ekberg, Swedish bombshell of 'La Dolce Vita,' dies at 83". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  7. ^ "La Dolce Vita star Anita Ekberg passes away". Al Jazeera. 11 January 2015. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  8. ^ "ZIP...WENT THE GOWN: 'JUST ANITA' UNDERNEATH". Ottawa Citizen. London. 3 January 1956. p. 1. Archived from the original on 12 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  9. ^ "WARNERS TO FILM A STORY BY HECHT The New York Times". 11 January 1955. p. 21.
  10. ^ The Old-School Beauty Of Anita Ekberg, The Roosevelts, archived from the original on 18 January 2015, retrieved 11 January 2015
  11. ^ Schallert, Edwin (4 June 1956). "Drama: John Wayne Revives Batjac; Heston to Tour Straw Hat Show Circuit". Los Angeles Times. p. A9.
  12. ^ a b c d e f "Anita Ekberg, 'Dolce Vita' actress, dies". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  13. ^ Schallert, Edwin (23 February 1956). "Drama: Mann-Kennedy Project Calls for Magnani; New Navy Novel Purchased". Los Angeles Times. p. A9.
  14. ^ Schallert, Edwin (21 December 1956). "Anita Ekberg Pursued for 'Screaming Mimi;' 'Galveston' Near Ready". Los Angeles Times. p. B7.
  15. ^ Scheuer, Philip K. (4 December 1956). "Paris Night-Club Singer Signed; Wengraff Acts Anita Ekberg's Father". Los Angeles Times. p. A11.
  16. ^ Schallert, Edwin (31 May 1957). "Ekberg Offered Texas Story; 'Wink of an Eye' Stars Doris Dowling". Los Angeles Times. p. 19.
  17. ^ "Nel segno di Roma". filmtipset.se. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
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  19. ^ "ANITA EKBERG TOLD TO PAY TAX IN ROME". Chicago Daily Tribune. 3 July 1961. p. a5.
  20. ^ Ajesh Patalay (13 August 2006). "Anita Ekberg; Rewind 1960 Interview". Sun Herald. Sydney. p. 38.
  21. ^ Field, Matthew; Chowdhury, Ajay (2015). Some Kind of Hero: The Remarkable Story of the James Bond Films. The History Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-0750966504.
  22. ^ "Magazine Sued by Anita Ekberg". Los Angeles Times. 11 July 1972. p. g12.
  23. ^ Stanley, Alessandra (3 July 1999). "La dolce Anita It's nearly 40 years since she danced in the Fountain of Trevi for Fellini, but Anita Ekberg still looks and acts the diva. Now she is making a rare screen appearance – mainly to spite her rival, Gina Lollobrigida". The Guardian. London. p. 5.
  24. ^ Norwich, William (15 May 1999). "Life's not so sweet when you're being squeezed". National Post. p. B12.
  25. ^ a b "La dolce Anita turns 75". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). 5 October 2006. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
  26. ^ "Anita Ekberg". Studentafton. Lund. 22 March 2007.
  27. ^ "Anita Ekberg, star of la Dolce Vita, dies aged 83". TheGuardian.com. 11 January 2015. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  28. ^ "Nachruf: Patriarch und Playboy - die Italiener liebten Giovanni Agnelli". Faz.net. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  29. ^ "Still a Blond Bombshell, but of a Certain Age". The New York Times. 13 June 1999. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
  30. ^ "La Dolce Vita star Anita Ekberg dies". BBC News. 11 January 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  31. ^ "Felice Quinto dies at 80; 'king of the paparazzi'". Los Angeles Times. 9 February 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  32. ^ "Anita Ekberg Named in Suit". Los Angeles Times. 29 June 1963. p. C5.
  33. ^ "Anita Ekberg robbed again". Chicago Tribune. 22 December 1977. p. 10.
  34. ^ "Anita Ekberg in Rome hospital". ABC News. 20 July 2009. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  35. ^ "Dolce Vita diva Ekberg appeals for help". India: Zee News. 23 December 2011. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
  36. ^ Day, Michael (24 December 2011). "Film icon falls on hard times". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.
  37. ^ "Skådespelerskan Anita Ekberg är död". Expressen. 11 January 2015. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  38. ^ "Anita Ekberg, International Screen Beauty and Fellini Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. 11 January 2015. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
  39. ^ "Anita Ekberg, mercoledì i funerali nella chiesa evangelica luterana". Corriere di Roma (in Italian). 11 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  40. ^ Hal Erickson (2008). "The Mississippi Gambler". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  41. ^ Furmanek, Bob and Ron Palumbo (1991). Abbott and Costello in Hollywood. New York: Perigee Books. ISBN 0-399-51605-0
  42. ^ Variety film review; 21 September 1955, page 6.
  43. ^ "Finding Aid for the Herbert Baker Papers, 1939–1978". Content.cdlib.org. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  44. ^ Pendo 1985, p. 271.
  45. ^ "Man in the Vault: Detail View". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  46. ^ THOMAS M. PRYOR. The (14 May 1953). "WARWICK ACQUIRES BEVAN SPY NOVEL: Irving Allen Plans Production of 'Zarak Khan' -- Seeking Errol Flynn for Title Role". The New York Times. p. 33.
  47. ^ "Zarak (1956) – Overview". TCM.com. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  48. ^ "Interpol (1957)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 13 January 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  49. ^ "Valerie". TCMDB. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  50. ^ "Valerie". All Movie. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  51. ^ "Full synopsis". TCMDB. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  52. ^ Erickson, Hal. "Plot synopsis". Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  53. ^ McGee, Mark (996). Faster and Furiouser: The Revised and Fattened Fable of American International Pictures. McFarland. p. 154.
  54. ^ Kezich, Tullio (2006). Federico Fellini: His Life and Work. New York: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-21168-5.
  55. ^ a b c Roberto Chiti; Roberto Poppi; Enrico Lancia; Mario Pecorari (1992). Dizionario del cinema italiano. I film. Gremese Editore. ISBN 8876055932.
  56. ^ a b Freddy Buache (1992). Le cinéma italien, 1945–1990. L'Age d'homme. ISBN 2825102253.
  57. ^ Irene Mazzetti. I film di Dino Risi (in Italian). Gremese.
  58. ^ Valerio Caprara (1993). Mordi e fuggi: la commedia secondo Dino Risi (in Italian). Marsilio.
  59. ^ Paolo D'Agostini, Dino Risi, Editrice Il castoro, 1995
  60. ^ Films in Review, Volume 14, National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, 1963
  61. ^ ""Nino Rota, L'Amico Magico" at". Last.fm. 4 July 2012. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  62. ^ Ceplair, Larry (2007). The Marxist and the Movies: A Biography of Paul Jarrico. University Press of Kentucky. p. either 188 or 250. ISBN 9780813137049.
  63. ^ Scott, John L. (1 November 1960). "Texas Yarns Follow in Wake of 'Alamo'". Los Angeles Times. p. B7. ProQuest 167789381.
  64. ^ "Who wants to Sleep?". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  65. ^ Andrea Pergolari (2002). Verso la commedia: momenti del cinema di Steno, Salce, Festa Campanile. Firenze libri.
  66. ^ Roberto Poppi; Mario Pecorari (2007). Dizionario del cinema italiano. I film. Gremese Editore. ISBN 978-8884405036.
  67. ^ Paolo Mereghetti (2010). Il Mereghetti. B.C. Dalai Editore. ISBN 978-8860736260.
  68. ^ "The Glass Sphinx". TCMDB. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  69. ^ McCallum, Lawrence (1998). Italian horror films of the 1960s: a critical catalog of 62 chillers. McFarland. pp. 75–77. ISBN 9780786404353. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
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  71. ^ "BFI: Blonde Köder für den Mörder". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  72. ^ Roberto Chiti; Roberto Poppi; Enrico Lancia (1991). Dizionario del cinema italiano: I film. Gremese. ISBN 8876059695.
  73. ^ Paolo Mereghetti (2010). Il Mereghetti. B.C. Dalai Editore. ISBN 978-88-6073-626-0.
  74. ^ Philip French (25 October 2014). "I Clowns review". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  75. ^ "Northeast of Seoul". AllMovie. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  76. ^ "Film Review: Northeast of Seoul (1972)". Films de France. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
  77. ^ Fountain, Nigel (2008). "Killer Nun: Film, Horror". Time Out Film Guide 2009. London. p. 566. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  78. ^ Koper, Richard (2010). Fifties Blondes: Sexbombs, Sirens, Bad Girls and Teen Queens. BearManor Media. p. 113.

Sources

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  • Sullivan, Steve (1995). VaVaVa Voom! Glamour Girls of The Pinup Era. Stoddart. ISBN 978-1-881649-60-1.
  • McDonough, Jimmy (2005). Big Bosoms and Square Jaws: The Biography of Russ Meyer, King of the Sex Film. Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-224-07250-1.
  • Mancini, Henry (2002). Did They Mention the Music?: The Autobiography of Henry Mancini. Copper Square Press. ISBN 978-0-8154-1175-8.
  • Pendo, Stephen (1985). Aviation in the Cinema. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8-1081-746-2.

Further reading

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