The Alpha Monocerotids is a meteor shower active from 15 to 25 November, with its peak occurring on 21 or 22 November. The speed of its meteors is 65 km/s, which is close to the maximum possible speed for meteors of about 73 km/s (see Specific energy#Astrodynamics). Normally it has a low Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR), but occasionally it produces much more intense meteor storms that last less than an hour: such outbursts were observed in 1925, 1935, 1985, and 1995. The 1925 and 1935 storms both reached levels passing 1,000 ZHR.[1]
| Alpha Monocerotids | |
|---|---|
 Celestial map of Monoceros | |
| Parent body | Unknown |
| Radiant | |
| Constellation | Monoceros |
| Right ascension | 7h 48m 00s |
| Declination | +1° 00′ 00″ |
| Properties | |
| Occurs during | November 15 to November 25 |
| Date of peak | November 21-22 |
| Velocity | 65 km/s |
| Zenithal hourly rate | variable |
Peter Jenniskens predicted the 1995 return based on the hypothesis that these outbursts were caused by the dust trail of a long period comet occasionally wandering in Earth's path due to planetary perturbations. During observations in southern Spain, assisted by a team of observers of the Dutch Meteor Society, Jenniskens confirmed that the meteoroids were moving in a long-period comet orbit. The outburst of 1995 allowed researchers to determine the exact radiant of the swarm and the solar longitude of its peak as well as to confirm the brevity of Alpha Monocerotid outbursts as less than one hour. The parent body, probably a long-period comet, is unknown.[2]
In 2019, Jenniskens and Esko Lyytinen predicted an outburst starting around 04:50 UTC on November 22, 2019 (11:50 p.m. EST November 21).[1][3] The meteor outburst was predicted to last for roughly 15 minutes, to reach 400 meteors per hour, similar to the rate of the 1995 outburst.[4][5] However, in the event, though the peak occurred at 05:00 UTC, the rate was much lower than predicted.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Intense Meteor Outburst Expected from the Alpha Monocerotids". Sky & Telescope. 13 November 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
- ^ Jenniskens, P.; Betlem, H.; De Lignie, M.; Langbroek, M. (1997). "The Detection of a Dust Trail in the Orbit of an Earth-threatening Long-Period Comet". Astrophysical Journal. 479 (1): 441–447. Bibcode:1997ApJ...479..441J. doi:10.1086/303853.
- ^ Lyytinen, Esko (6 November 2019). "Likely Alpha Monocerotids (AMO#246) outburst on the morning of November 22, 2019". meteornews.net. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ Ashley Strickland (November 20, 2019). "Mysterious comet will cause a rare 'Unicorn' meteor storm this week". Fox 5 News. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- ^ Caitlin Harvey (November 20, 2019). "'Unicorn meteor storm' to bring dazzling display on Thursday". KDRV. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- ^ Bob King (22 November 2019). "Meteor Shower Was a Dud, But Showing Up Was Half the Fun". Sky and Telescope.