The 8th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (8th AAA Bn) was a United States Marine Corps antiaircraft unit that served during World War II. Formed in 1942 as the 8th Defense Battalion, its original mission was the air and coastal defense of advanced naval bases. During the war the battalion defended Tutuila in American Samoa, Wallis Island and Apamama and took part in combat operations at Okinawa. The battalion returned to the United States after the war and was decommissioned on 28 November 1945.
| 8th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion | |
|---|---|
 Unofficial insignia taken from a 1981 8th AAA Battalion reunion pamphlet | |
| Active | |
| Country |  United States of America |
| Branch |  United States Marine Corps |
| Type | Air Defense/Coastal Defense |
| Size | ~800 men |
| Part of | V Amphibious Corps |
| Engagements | World War II *Gilbert Islands Campaign *Battle of Okinawa |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | N/A |
History
editThe 8th Defense Battalion was commissioned on 1 April 1942 at Tutuila, American Samoa.[1] On 27 May 1942 elements of the battalion began sailing for Wallis Island.[3] The entire battalion completed movement to Wallis by 4 June. The 8th Defense Battalion (Reinforced) became the headquarters for the Defense Force, Wallis Island which had under it 3rd Battalion, 7th Marines, C Battery, 1st Battalion, 11th Marines, and additional engineer, transport, and medical detachments.[4]
On 25 October 1942, the battalion was attached to the V Amphibious Corps for duty with the 2nd Marine Division in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. The battalion landed at Apamama, Gilbert Islands on 28 November 1943.[5] They provided air defense for the area until 21 March 1944 when it embarked and departed for Territory of Hawaii. The battalion arrived in Hawaii by 3 April and established camp on Kauai.
As the war progressed, the Marine Corps removed coastal artillery from the defense battalions in order to form additional heavy artillery units for the Fleet Marine Force.[2] Because of the divestiture of the coastal defense mission, the battalion was re-designated as the 8th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on 15 June 1944. For the next few months, the battalion continued to train on Kauai.
On 10 March 1945, most of the 8th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion departed Kauai on board the USS Lenoir (AKA-74) and the USS Jerauld (APA-174). The convoy passed through Eniwetok and Ulithi en route to Okinawa, Japan. The battalion began disembarking naval shipping on 17 April 1945. During the Battle of Okinawa the 8th AAA Battalion was one of four AAA battalions that comprised the 1st Provisional Antiaircraft Artillery Group during the Battle of Okinawa.[6] During the battle they were emplaced near Yontan Airfield in order to protect the airfield against Japanese air raids and kamikaze attacks.[7] One marine from the battalion was killed in action during the battle and another ten were wounded in action.[8] The battalion remained on Okinawa providing air defense until 20 September 1945.
On 22 October the 8th AAA Battalion embarked upon the USS Meriwether (APA-203) and sailed for the United States. The battalion arrived at San Diego, California on 8 November 1945. On 27 November 1945 the 8th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion was decommissioned.[2]
Unit awards
editA unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 8th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion has been presented with the following awards:
| Streamer | Award | Year(s) | Additional Info |
|---|---|---|---|
| Presidential Unit Citation Streamer | 17 April - 14 July 1945 | Okinawa | |
| Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Streamer with one Bronze Star | Gilbert Islands, Okinawa | ||
| World War II Victory Streamer | 1941–1945 | Pacific War |
See also
editCitations
edit- ^ a b Rottman 2002, pp. 211.
- ^ a b c Rottman 2002, pp. 216.
- ^ Melson 1996a, pp. 7.
- ^ Rottman 2002, pp. 213.
- ^ Melson 1996b, pp. 20.
- ^ Rottman 2004, pp. 88.
- ^ Nichols & Shaw 1955, pp. 200.
- ^ Nichols & Shaw 1955, pp. 305.
References
edit- Bibliography
- Nichols, Charles S. Jr.; Shaw, Henry I. (1955). Okinawa: Victory in the Pacific (PDF). United States Marine Corps Historical Branch.
- Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939–1945. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31906-5.
- Rottman, Gordon L. (2004). US Marine Corps Pacific Theater of Operations 1944-45. Osprey Press. ISBN 1-84176-659-3.
- Web
- Melson, Charles D. (1996a). Condition Red: Marine Defense Battalions in World War II (PDF). Marines in World War II Commemorative Series. Washington, D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center. LCCN 96174419. OCLC 34920984. Retrieved 2020-05-17. Part 1
- Melson, Charles D. (1996b). Condition Red: Marine Defense Battalions in World War II (PDF). Marines in World War II Commemorative Series. Washington, D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center. LCCN 96174419. OCLC 34920984. Retrieved 2020-05-17. Part 2