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'''Notre-Dame de Paris''' ({{IPA|fr|nɔtʁ(ə) dam də paʁi|lang|Fr-Notre Dame de Paris.wav}}; meaning "'''Our Lady of Paris'''"), often referred to simply as '''Notre-Dame''',{{efn|The name ''Notre Dame'', meaning "[[Blessed Virgin Mary|Our Lady]]", was frequently used in [[Notre Dame (disambiguation)#Churches and cathedrals|names of churches]], including the cathedrals of [[Chartres Cathedral|Chartres]], [[Reims Cathedral|Reims]] and [[Rouen Cathedral|Rouen]].}} is a [[Middle Ages#Art and architecture|medieval]] [[Catholic]] [[cathedral]] on the [[Île de la Cité]] (an island in the River [[Seine]]), in the [[4th arrondissement of Paris]], France. The cathedral, dedicated to the [[Virgin Mary]] ("Our Lady"), is considered one of the finest examples of [[French Gothic architecture]]. Several attributes set it apart from the earlier [[Romanesque style]], including its pioneering use of the [[rib vault]] and [[flying buttress]], its enormous and colourful [[rose windows]], and the [[naturalism (art)|naturalism]] and abundance of its [[sculptural]] decoration.{{Sfn|Ducher|1988|pages=46–62}} Notre-Dame is also exceptional for its three [[Pipe organ|pipe organs]] (one historic) and its immense [[Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris|church bells]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/notre-dame-cathedral-france-3356.html|title=Facts on the Notre Dame Cathedral in France|website=Travel Tips – USA Today|language=en|access-date=24 April 2019|first=Jason|last=Chavis|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617123117/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/notre-dame-cathedral-france-3356.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The construction of the cathedral began in 1163 under Bishop [[Maurice de Sully]] and was largely completed by 1260, though it was modified in succeeding centuries. In the 1790s, during the [[French Revolution]], Notre-Dame suffered extensive [[desecration]]; much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed. In the 19th century, the cathedral hosted the [[coronation of Napoleon]] and the funerals of many of the [[presidents of the French Republic|French Republic's presidents]]. The 1831 publication of [[Victor Hugo]]'s novel ''Notre-Dame de Paris'' (in English: ''[[The Hunchback of Notre-Dame]]'') inspired interest which led to restoration between 1844 and 1864, supervised by [[Eugène Viollet-le-Duc]]. On 26 August 1944, the [[Liberation of Paris]] from German occupation was celebrated in Notre-Dame with the singing of the [[Magnificat]]. Beginning in 1963, the cathedral's façade was cleaned of soot and grime. Another cleaning and restoration project was carried out between 1991 and 2000.<ref name="notredamedeparis.fr">{{cite web|url=http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/la-cathedrale/histoire/historique-de-la-construction|title=Historique de la construction|language=fr|access-date=2 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802135015/http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/la-cathedrale/histoire/historique-de-la-construction|archive-date=2 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> A [[Notre-Dame fire|fire in April 2019]] caused serious damage, closing the cathedral for repairs until [[Reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris|its reopening]] on 7 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=December 7, 2024 |title=An archbishop's knock formally restores Notre Dame to life as heads of state look on – The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/12/07/lifestyle/notre-dame-reopening/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=BostonGlobe.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
It is a widely recognised symbol of the city of [[Paris]] and the French nation. In 1805, it was awarded honorary status as a [[minor basilica
Over time, the cathedral has gradually been stripped of many decorations and artworks. It still contains Gothic, [[Baroque]], and 19th-century sculptures, 17th- and early 18th-century altarpieces, and some of the most important relics in [[Christendom]], including the [[crown of thorns]], and a sliver and nail from the [[True Cross]].
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