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During [[Caesar's Civil War|Caesar's civil war]] he commanded one of Pompey's armies in the [[battle of Ilerda|Ilerda campaign]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWSyDAAAQBAJ&q=VARRO+CIVIL+WAR+ILERDA+CAMPAIGN&pg=PA59|title=Civil War|last1=Caesar|last2=Damon|first2=Cynthia|year=2016|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0674997035|language=en}}</ref> He escaped the penalties of being on the losing side in the civil war through two [[pardons]] granted by [[Julius Caesar]], before and after the [[Battle of Pharsalus]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3ZaIYAaOSQC&q=varro+pardon+caesar+pharsalus&pg=PA214|title=A History of Medicine: Roman medicine|last=Prioreschi|first=Plinio|date=1996|publisher=Horatius Press|isbn=978-1888456035|language=en}}</ref> Caesar later appointed him to oversee the public library of Rome in 47 BC, but following Caesar's death [[Mark Antony]] [[proscription|proscribed]] him, resulting in the loss of much of his property, including his library. As the Republic gave way to Empire, Varro gained the favour of [[Augustus]], under whose protection he found the security and quiet to devote himself to study and writing.
Varro studied under the Roman philologist [[Lucius Aelius Stilo Praeconinus|Lucius Aelius Stilo]], and later at [[Athens]] under the [[Academy|Academic]] philosopher [[Antiochus of Ascalon]]. Varro proved to be a highly productive writer and turned out more than 74 Latin works on a variety of topics. Among his many works, two stand out for historians; ''Nine Books of Disciplines'' and his compilation of the ''[[Varronian chronology]]''. His ''Nine Books of Disciplines'' became a model for later [[encyclopedists]], especially [[Pliny the Elder]]. The most noteworthy portion of the ''Nine Books of Disciplines'' is its use of the [[liberal arts education|liberal arts]] as organizing principles.<ref name=Lindberg>{{cite book |title=The Beginnings of Western Science |last=Lindberg |first=David |year=2007 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=978-0-226-48205-7 |page=137 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPUBAkIm2lUC&pg=PA137|access-date=6 March 2010}}</ref> Varro decided to focus on identifying nine of these arts: [[grammar]], [[rhetoric]], [[logic]], [[arithmetic]], [[geometry]], [[astronomy]], musical theory, medicine, and [[architecture]]. Using Varro's list, subsequent writers defined the seven classical "liberal arts of the medieval schools".<ref name=Lindberg/>
In 37 BC,<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge companion to the Roman Republic|last=Flower, Harriet I., director de la publicación.|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-66942-0|pages=177|oclc=904729745}}</ref> in his old age, he also wrote on agriculture for his wife Fundania, writing a "voluminous" work ''De re rustica'' (also called ''Res rusticae'')—similar to [[Cato the Elder]]'s similar work ''De agri cultura''—on the management of large slave-run estates.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge companion to the Roman Republic|last=Flower, Harriet I., director de la publicación.|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-66942-0|pages=193|oclc=904729745}}</ref>
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