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{{Infobox Government agency
|agency_name = United States <br> Department of Defense
|logo_width =
|logo_caption =
|seal = United States Department of Defense Seal.svg
|seal_width = 140 px
|seal_caption = Seal of the United States Department of Defense.
|formed = 18 September 1947<br>(By the National Security Act of 1947)
|date1 = 18 September 1947
|date1_name = Activated
|date2 = 10 August 1949
|date2_name = Renamed
|preceding1 = [[United States Department of War|Department of War]]
|preceding2 =
|dissolved =
|superseding =
|jurisdiction = [[Federal government of the United States]]
|headquarters = [[The Pentagon]]
|latd = 38
|latm = 52
|lats = 15.56
|latNS = N
|longd = 77
|longm = 3
|longs = 21.46
|longEW = W
|region_code = US
|employees = 700,000 civilian<br>2,300,000 military (2004)
|budget = $786 billion <ref>[http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy07/pdf/budget/defense.pdf Department of Defense<!--Bot-generated title-->]</ref>(2009 est.)
|chief1_name = [[Robert Gates|Robert M. Gates]]
|chief1_position = [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary]]
|chief2_name = [[William J. Lynn III]]
|chief2_position = [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense|Deputy Secretary]]
|child1_agency = [[Template:DOD agencies | Click here]]
|website = [http://www.defenselink.mil/ www.defenselink.mil]
|footnotes =
}}
 
The '''United States Department of Defense''' ('''DOD''' or '''DoD''') is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to [[national security]] and the [[Military of the United States|military]]. The organization and functions of the DOD are set forth in [[Title 10 of the United States Code|Title 10]] of the [[United States Code]].
 
The DOD is the major tenant of [[The Pentagon]] building near [[Washington, D.C.]], and has three major components{{ndash}} the [[Department of the Army]], the [[Department of the Navy]], and the [[Department of the Air Force]]. Among the many DOD agencies are the [[Missile Defense Agency]], the [[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (DARPA), the [[Pentagon Force Protection Agency]] (PFPA), the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] (DIA), the [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]] (NGA), and the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA). The department also operates several joint service schools, including the [[National War College]].
 
==History==
 
During 1945, specific plans for the proposed DoD were put forth by the Army, the Navy, and the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]]. In a special message to Congress on 19 December 1945, President [[Harry Truman]] proposed creation of a unified Department of National Defense. A proposal went to Congress in April 1946, but was held up by the [[Naval Affairs Committee]] hearings in July 1946, which raised objections to the concentration of power in a single department. Truman eventually sent new legislation to Congress in February 1947, where it was debated and amended for several months.
 
DoD was created in 1947 as a national military establishment with a single secretary as its head to preside over the former [[United States Department of War|Department of War]] (founded in 1789) and [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]] (founded in 1798; formerly the Board of Admiralty, founded in 1780). The [[Department of the Air Force]] was also created as a new service at the same time (it had been part of the War Department as the [[United States Army Air Force]]), and made part of DoD. DoD was created in order to reduce [[interservice rivalry]] which was believed to have reduced military effectiveness during [[World War II]].
 
On 26 July 1947, Truman signed the [[National Security Act of 1947]], which set up the National Military Establishment to begin operations on 18 September 1947, the day after the [[United States Senate|Senate]] confirmed [[James V. Forrestal]] as the first Secretary of Defense. The Establishment had the unfortunate abbreviation "NME" (the obvious pronunciation being "enemy"), and was renamed the "Department of Defense" (abbreviated as DOD or DoD) on 10 August 1949; in addition, the Secretary of Defense was given greater authority over three of the branches of the military ([[United States Army|Army]], [[United States Navy|Navy]], and Air Force). Prior to the creation of the National Military Establishment / Department of Defense, the Armed Forces of the United States were separated into different cabinet-level departments without much central authority. The Marine Corps remained as a separate service under the Department of the Navy, and the [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] remained in the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]], ready to be shifted to the Navy Department during time of declared war (as it was in both world wars).
 
==Organization==
[[Image:The Pentagon US Department of Defense building.jpg|thumb|left|[[The Pentagon]] is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense.]]
 
The Department includes the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, as well as non-combat agencies such as the [[National Security Agency]] and the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]]. The DoD's annual budget was roughly $786 billion in 2007.<ref>{{cite web
|author=Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)
|authorlink=Under_Secretary_of_Defense_Comptroller
|title=National Defense Budget Estimates for FY 2006
|publisher=U.S. Department of Defense
|month=April | year=2005
|url=http://www.dod.mil/comptroller/defbudget/fy2006/fy2006_greenbook.pdf
|format=[[PDF]]
|accessdate=11 November 2007|format=PDF}}
</ref> This figure does not include tens of billions more in supplemental expenditures allotted by Congress throughout the year, particularly for the [[Iraq War|war in Iraq]]. It also does not include expenditures by the [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]] on nuclear weapons design and testing.
 
[[Civilian control of the military|Civilian control]] over matters other than operations is exercised through the three service departments, the [[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]], the [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]] (which includes the [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]]), and the [[United States Department of the Air Force|Department of the Air Force]]. Each is led by a service secretary, who are below [[United States Cabinet|Cabinet]] rank.
 
In wartime, the Department of Defense has authority over the Coast Guard; in peacetime, that agency is under the control of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS). Prior to the creation of DHS, the Coast Guard was under the control of the [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] and earlier under the Department of the Treasury. According to the U.S. Code, the Coast Guard is at all times considered one of the five armed services of the United States. During times of declared war (or by Congressional direction), the Coast Guard operates as a part of the Navy; the service has not been under the auspices of Navy since World War II, but members have served in the undeclared wars and conflicts since then while the service remained in its peacetime department.
 
The Pentagon, in [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington County]], [[Virginia]], across the [[Potomac River]] from Washington, D.C., is the headquarters of the Department of Defense. The Department of Defense is protected by the [[Pentagon Force Protection Agency]] which ensures law enforcement and security for The Pentagon and various other jurisdictions throughout the [[National Capital Region (United States)|National Capital Region (NCR)]].
 
===Command structure===
Though the [[President of the United States]] is the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. military, he is a civilian and not a member of the military.
{{main|Structure of the United States Armed Forces}}
The command structure of the Department of Defense is defined by the [[Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986]] (PL 99-433), signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on 1 October 1986. The Act reworked the command structure of the United States military, introducing the most sweeping changes to the Department since it was established in the [[National Security Act of 1947]].
Under the act, the chain of command runs from the [[President of the United States]], through the Secretary of Defense, to the [[Unified Combatant Command|combatant commanders]] (COCOM) who command all military forces within their area of responsibility. The [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] and the service [[Joint Chiefs of Staff|Chiefs of Staff]] are responsible for readiness of the U.S. military and serve as the President's military advisers, but are not in the chain of command. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is by law the highest ranking military officer in the United States. Each service is responsible for organizing, training and equipping military units for the commanders of the various [[Unified Combatant Command]]s.
====National Command organizational chart====
[[Image:US National Command.png|464px]]
 
===Components===
[[Image:DoD Structure Jan2008.png|thumb|475px|right|2008 [[Office of the Secretary of Defense]] Structure.]]
[[Image:DOD 2005.svg|thumb|475px|right|2005 DoD Structure.]]
 
[[United States Secretary of Defense]]
*[[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense]]
**[[United States Office of the Secretary of Defense|Office of the Secretary of Defense]]
***[[Joint IED Defeat Organization]][https://www.jieddo.dod.mil/], LTG Tom Metz, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Metz]
***[[Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee]]
***[[Office of Net Assessment]]
***[[Pentagon Force Protection Agency]]
***Office of General Counsel
****Defense Legal Services Agency
***Office of Inspector General
****[[Defense Criminal Investigative Service]]
**[[Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence]]
***[[Defense Intelligence Agency]]
***[[Defense Security Service]]
***[[Counterintelligence Field Activity]]
***[[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]
***[[National Reconnaissance Office]]
***[[National Security Agency]]
**[[Under Secretary of Defense for Policy]]
***[[Defense Security Cooperation Agency]]
***[[Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office]]
**[[Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics]]
***[[Defense Technical Information Center]]
***[[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]]
***[[Missile Defense Agency]]
***[[Defense Contract Management Agency]]
***[[Defense Logistics Agency]]
***[[Defense Threat Reduction Agency]]
***[[Office of Economic Adjustment]]
***[[Defense Acquisition University]]
***[[Business Transformation Agency]]
***[[Operational Test and Evaluation Directorate]] (DOT&E)
**[[Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness]]
***[[Defense Commissary Agency]]
***[[Defense Human Resources Activity]]
***[[Department of Defense Education Activity]]
***[[Department of Defense Dependents Schools]]
***[[Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences]]
***[[Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute]]
***[[Office of the Chancellor for Education and Professional Development]]
**[[Under Secretary of Defense Comptroller]]
***[[Defense Contract Audit Agency]]
***[[Defense Finance and Accounting Service]]
**[[Director, Program Analysis and Evaluation]]
**[[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks & Information Integration|Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration]]
***[[Defense Information Systems Agency]]
**[[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs]]
***Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Internal Communications
**[[Washington Headquarters Services]]
**Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs
***[[U.S. Department of Defense Military Health System|Military Health System]][http://www.health.mil/aboutMHS.aspx]
****[[TRICARE Management Activity]][http://www.tricare.mil/]
 
*Military Departments
**[[United States Secretary of the Army]]
***[[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]] including the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
***[[United States Army Corps of Engineers]]
**[[United States Secretary of the Navy]]
***[[United States Department of the Navy]] including the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] and [[United States Marines|U.S. Marine Corps]]
**[[United States Secretary of the Air Force]]
***[[United States Department of the Air Force|Department of the Air Force]] including the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
*[[Joint Chiefs of Staff]]
 
{|
|[[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]]||Adm. [[Michael Mullen|Michael G. Mullen]] ([[United States Navy|USN]])
|-
|[[Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]]||Gen. [[James Cartwright|James E. Cartwright]] ([[United States Marine Corps|USMC]])
|-
|[[Chief of Staff of the United States Army]]||Gen. [[George W. Casey, Jr.]] ([[United States Army|USA]])
|-
|[[Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force]]||Gen. [[Norton A. Schwartz]] ([[United States Air Force|USAF]])
|-
|[[Chief of Naval Operations]]||Adm. [[Gary Roughead]] ([[United States Navy|USN]])
|-
|[[Commandant of the Marine Corps]]||Gen. [[James T. Conway]] ([[United States Marine Corps|USMC]])
|}
 
The [[United States Naval Observatory]] falls under the Chief of Naval Operations. In 2003, the [[National Communications System]] was moved to the [[Department of Homeland Security]], but only for executive purposes. The [[National Communications System]] still centralizes its activities within the Department of Defense, since the human resources required by NCS (example: Military Departments) still reside within the Department of Defense, or for retention of practical maintenance.
 
===Unified Combatant Commands===
{{seealso|Deployments of the United States Military}}
There are ten [[Unified Combatant Command]]s; six regional and four functional. United States Africa Command became initially operational in October 2007.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|- align="wrap"
|'''Command'''||'''Commander'''||'''Home Base'''||'''Area of Responsibility'''
|-
|[[United States Northern Command]] (NORTHCOM)
||General [[Victor E. Renuart Jr.]] ([[United States Air Force|USAF]]) (also Chief of [[NORAD]])
||[[Peterson Air Force Base]], [[Colorado]]
||North American [[homeland defense]] and coordinating homeland security with civilian forces.
|-
|[[United States Central Command]] (CENTCOM),
||General [[David H. Petraeus]] ([[United States Army|USA]])
||[[MacDill Air Force Base]], [[Florida]]
||[[Egypt]] through the [[Persian Gulf]] region, into [[Central Asia]]; handing over responsibility of [[Horn of Africa]] to [[United States Africa Command|AFRICOM]].
|-
|[[United States European Command]] (EUCOM)
||General [[Bantz J. Craddock|John Craddock]] ([[United States Army|USA]]) (also [[Supreme Allied Commander]] Europe (SACEUR)
||[[SHAPE]] (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe), Belgium (USEUCOM HQ in [[Stuttgart]], Germany)
||Europe and [[Israel]]; handing over responsibility of Africa to [[United States Africa Command|AFRICOM]].
|-
|[[United States Pacific Command]] (PACOM)
||Admiral [[Timothy J. Keating]] ([[United States Navy|USN]])
||[[Camp H. M. Smith]], [[Oahu]], Hawaii
||The Asia-Pacific region including Hawaii.
|-
|[[United States Southern Command]] (SOUTHCOM)
||Admiral [[James Stavridis]] ([[United States Navy|USN]])
||[[Miami, Florida]]
||[[South America|South]], Central America and the surrounding waters
|-
|[[United States Africa Command]] (AFRICOM)
||General [[William E. Ward]] ([[United States Army|USA]])
||[[Kelley Barracks]], [[Stuttgart]], Germany for now; to be relocated to African continent
||Africa excluding Egypt
|-
|[[United States Special Operations Command|U.S. Special Operations Command]] (SOCOM)
||Admiral [[Eric T. Olson]] ([[United States Navy|USN]])
||[[MacDill Air Force Base]], [[Florida]]
||Provides special operations for the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps.
|-
|[[United States Joint Forces Command|U.S. Joint Forces Command]] (JFCOM)
||General [[James Mattis]] ([[United States Marine Corps|USMC]]) (also [[Supreme Allied Commander]] Transformation (SACT))
||[[Naval Support Activity Headquarters (Norfolk) and Suffolk]], [[Virginia]]
||Supports other commands as a joint force provider.
|-
|[[United States Strategic Command]] (STRATCOM)
||General [[Kevin P. Chilton]] ([[United States Air Force|USAF]])
||[[Offutt Air Force Base]], [[Nebraska]]
||Covers the strategic deterrent force and coordinates the use of space assets.
|-
|[[United States Transportation Command]] (TRANSCOM)
||General [[Duncan J. McNabb]] ([[United States Air Force|USAF]])
||[[Scott Air Force Base]], [[Illinois]]
||Covers global mobility of all military assets for all regional commands.
|-
|}
 
<table align="center">
<tr><th align="center">'''The Geographic Commands'''</th></tr>
<tr><td>[[Image:Unified Combatant Commands map.png|600px]]<td></tr>
</table>
In 2007, a new [[United States Africa Command|geographical command for Africa]] was authorized. This proposed significant changes to the areas of responsibility for other adjacent geographical commands as shown in the accompanying graphic.{{clear}}
 
==Expenditures==
[[Image:Military expenditure percent of GDP.svg|thumb|300px|Military spending as a percentage of [[GDP]].]]
{{main|Military budget of the United States}}
 
The military [[expenditure]] of the [[United States Department of Defense]] for [[fiscal year]] 2007 is:
{|
|'''Total Funding'''||'''$439.3 Billion'''
|-
|Operations and maintenance||$152.2 Bil.
|-
|Military Personnel||$110.8 Bil.
|-
|Procurement||$84.2 Bil.
|-
|Research, Development, Testing & Evaluation||$73.2 Bil.
|-
|Military Construction||$12.6 Bil.
|-
|Family Housing||$4.1 Bil.
|-
|(The War on terror, Iraq, Afghanistan are not included)
|}
 
The United States and its closest allies are responsible for approximately two-thirds of global military spending (of which, in turn, the U.S. is responsible for the vast majority). Military spending accounts for 19% of the United States' federal budget, and approximately half of its federal [[discretionary spending]], which comprises all of the U.S. government's money not accounted for by pre-existing obligations.[http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2007/tables.html]<ref>{{cite web |author=Global Issues That Affect Everyone |title=High Military Expenditure in Some Places |url=http://www.globalissues.org/Geopolitics/ArmsTrade/Spending.asp |accessdate=8 May |accessyear=2006 }}</ref>
 
However, in terms of per capita spending, the U.S. ranks third behind [[Israel]] and [[Singapore]]<ref>{{cite web |author=NationMaster |title=Military Statistics > Expenditures > Dollar figure (per capita) by country |url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/mil_exp_dol_fig_percap-expenditures-dollar-figure-per-capital |accessdate=4 July |accessyear=2006 }}</ref>.
 
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, in 2003 the United States spent approximately 47% of the world's total military spending of US $956,000,000,000.
 
As a percentage of its GDP, the United States spends 4.06% on military, ranking it 28th in the world. This is higher by percent than France's 2.6%, and lower than Saudi Arabia's 10%<ref>{{cite web |author=CIA World Factbook |title=Military expenditures percent of GDP |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2034rank.html |accessdate=17 January|accessyear=2008 }}</ref>. This 3.7% is low relative to the United States' past 60-some years.<ref>{{cite web |author=Truth and Politics |title=Relative Size of US Military Spending from 1940 to 2003 |url=http://www.truthandpolitics.org/military-relative-size.php |accessdate=26 May |accessyear=2006 }}</ref>
 
Also, since it is an all-volunteer force and since most jobs within it require high degrees of technical skill and personnel retention, the United States armed forces have dramatically higher personnel costs, both military and civilian, compared to the militaries of countries which use [[conscription]], many of which have far more [[List of countries by number of total troops|troops]] than the United States. However, only China has more standing troops than the United
States.
 
== Facilities and Energy ==
DoD's Energy Conservation Investment Program (ECIP) improves the energy and water efficiency of existing Military Services' facilities. The program's projects help the Military Services save on energy usage and cost. <ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/expectmore/summary/10000062.2003.html</ref>. The [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009]] provided $120 million for the ECIP.
 
Also the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 has given money for the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, [[Army Reserve]], [[Navy Reserve]], [[Marine Corps Reserve]], [[Air Force Reserve]], [[Army National Guard]] and [[Air National Guard]] facilities to invest in [[energy efficiency]].
 
== DoD Energy Use ==
The Department of Defense uses 4.6 billion gallons of fuel annually, or an average of 12.6 million gallons of fuel per day. A large Army division may use about 6,000 gallons per day. According to the 2005 ''CIA World Factbook'', the DoD would rank 34th in the world in average daily oil use, coming in just behind Iraq and just ahead of Sweden.<ref>Colonel Gregory J. Lengyel, USAF, The Brookings Institution, Department of Defense Energy Strategy, August 2007, [http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2007/08defense_lengyel/lengyel20070815.pdf]</ref>
 
In FY 2006, the DoD used almost 30,000 gigawatts per hour (GWH) of electricity, at a cost of almost $2.2 billion. The DoD's electricity use would supply enough electricity to power more than 2.6 million average American homes. In electricity consumption, the DOD would rank 58th in the world, using slightly less than [[Denmark]] and slightly more than [[Syria]] (CIA World Factbook, 2006).<ref>Colonel Gregory J. Lengyel, USAF, The Brookings Institution, Department of Defense Energy Strategy, August 2007. </ref>
 
The DoD uses 93 percent of all US government fuel consumption (Air Force: 52%; Navy: 33%; Army: 7%. Other DoD: 1%).<ref>Colonel Gregory J. Lengyel, USAF, The Brookings Institution, Department of Defense Energy Strategy, August 2007.</ref>
The [[Air Force]] is the largest user of fuel energy in the [[federal government]]. The [[Air Force]] uses 10% of the nation's aviation fuel ([[JP-8 fuel]] accounts for nearly 90% of Air Force fuels.<ref>Powering America’s Defense: Energy and the Risks to National Security, CNA Analysis & Solutions, May 2009, [http://www.cna.org/documents/PoweringAmericasDefense.pdf]</ref> To meet renewable energy goals, it plans to certify its entire fleet on coal-to-liquid synthetic fuel blends by 2011. By 2016, it plans to fuel half of its domestic transportation by US-produced synthetic blends.
 
The [[US Army]] has recently prioritized renewable energy strategies in Iraq.<ref>Vogel, Steve. Pentagon Prioritizes Pursuit Of Alternative Fuel Sources, The Washington Post, 4/13/09</ref> Strategies include the Tactical Garbage to Energy Refinery Program, which converts 1 ton of waste to 11 gallons of [[JP-8]] fuel, a [[photovoltaic]] flexible, portable mat, insulating foam technology, hybrid-electric Manned Ground Vehicles ([[MGV]]), and highly efficient portable cells.<ref>Vogel, Steve. Pentagon Prioritizes Pursuit Of Alternative Fuel Sources, The Washington Post, 4/13/09</ref> The [[American Recovery Act of 2008]] gave more than $150 million to develop these technologies.<ref>Vogel, Steve. Pentagon Prioritizes Pursuit Of Alternative Fuel Sources, The Washington Post, 4/13/09</ref>
 
 
<gallery>
Image:http://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/026x5HGgQkdnU/340x.jpg|Insulation foam saves $2 million a day
Image: http://boingboing.net/images/aggressor-army-hybrid.jpg|Prototype for an Army Hybrid-Electric Manned Ground Vehicle
</gallery>
 
 
Hybrid-Electric Manned Ground Vehicles
$27 million in development
 
Highly Efficient Portable Fuel Cells
$2 million in development
 
== Current issues ==
On 26 February 2002, the Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General has reported that DOD has not and will not account for $1.1 trillion of "unsupported accounting entries".<ref>{{citation
|last=Steensma
|first=David K.
|title=Independent Auditor's Report on the Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2001 Agency-Wide Financial Statements
|id=Report No. D-2002-055
|date=26 February 2002
|year=2002
|format=[[PDF]]
|publisher=DoD Inspector General
|page=2
|url=http://www.dodig.osd.mil/Audit/reports/fy02/02-055.pdf
|accessdate=11 November 2007 }}</ref> In addition, there have been several high-profile [[Government Accountability Office]] (GAO) [[Government Accountability Office investigations of the Department of Defense|investigations of the Department of Defense]].
 
The GAO is also interested in ways DOD can partner with other government agencies to save money and create efficiencies. One way was through use of the [[Veterans Administration]]'s [[Consolidated Mail Outpatient Pharmacy]] (CMOP) program. The CMOP fills continuation of therapy or refill prescriptions only. Initial prescriptions are written for veterans at one of the Veteran Administration’s health care facilities. When a refill is needed, the heath care facilities process the prescriptions. The CMOP then uploads this information from multiple facilities in its region. Once filled, the [[United States Postal Service]] (USPS) delivers the prescriptions. The health care facility or clinic is notified of the prescription’s completion electronically. As of 2000, the annual workload was near 50 million prescriptions. Processing and filling prescriptions took two days; three more days were required for mail delivery.
 
The DOD and VA conducted a pilot program in FY 2003. In its 2005 report, GAO-05-555, the GAO found that the DOD could generate savings because CMOP's size allows it to negotiate volume discounts. The CMOP program is now serving the entire country from a number of locations including [[West Los Angeles, California]]; [[Bedford, Massachusetts]]; [[Dallas, Texas]]; [[Hines, Illinois]], [[Charleston, South Carolina]]; [[Leavenworth, Kansas]]; and [[Murfreesboro, Tennessee]].
 
The military's analysis of the missile strike on a dead U.S. spy satellite has revealed no sign of danger from debris, including no hazard from the satellite's fuel tank, a Pentagon spokesman said 22 February 2008.<ref>{{citation
|last=CNN
|title=Pentagon: No signs of danger from satellite debris
|date=22 February 2008
|year=2008
|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/space/02/22/spy.satellite.ap/index.html
|accessdate=22 February 2008
|format={{dead link|date=January 2009}} &ndash; <sup>[http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=author%3ACNN+intitle%3APentagon%3A+No+signs+of+danger+from+satellite+debris&as_publication=&as_ylo=2008&as_yhi=2008&btnG=Search Scholar search]</sup> }}</ref>The launched missile successfully destroyed the fuel tank of an inoperable spy satellite, U.S. military officials said 25 February 2008.<ref>{{citation
|last=CNN
|title=Military: Satellite's downing worked as planned
|date=25 February 2008
|year=2008
|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/02/25/dead.satellite/index.html
|accessdate=25 February 2008 }}</ref>
 
In fall 2006 the U.S. Defense Department accidentally shipped ballistic missile components instead of helicopter batteries to [[Taiwan]], it was reported on 25 March 2008. The parts were 1960s technology, designed for use with [[LGM-30 Minuteman|Minuteman ballistic missiles]]. The missile components were first shipped from [[F.E. Warren Air Force Base]] in [[Wyoming]] to [[Hill Air Force Base]] in [[Utah]] in 2005.<ref>{{citation
|last=CNN
|title=U.S. says missile parts mistakenly sent to Taiwan
|date=25 March 2008
|year=2008
|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/US/03/25/taiwan.missiles/index.html
|accessdate=25 March 2008 }}</ref>
 
On 20 April 2008, ''[[The New York Times]]'' published an exposé accusing the U.S. Department of Defense of running a [[propaganda]] "[[Pentagon military analyst program|message machine]]" to spread the administration's [[talking points]] on [[Iraq]] by briefing retired military commanders for [[network television]] and [[cable television]] appearances, where they were presented as independent analysts.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/washington/20generals.html?ref=todayspaper
|title=Message Machine: Behind Analysts, the Pentagon’s Hidden Hand
|first=David
|last=Barstow
|publisher=New York Times
|date=20 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2189545/
|title=Onward T.V. Soldiers: The New York Times exposes a multi-armed Pentagon message machine
|first=David
|last=Sessions
|publisher=Slate
|date=20 April 2008}}</ref>
 
==Military buildup==
To meet the growing demands in the Middle East and around the world, Secretary of Defense [[Robert Gates]] proposed to President Bush to increase the overall size of the military by approximately 92,000 troops over the course of five years. Specifically, the proposal calls for an Army troop cap of 545,000 to 550,000 active duty soldiers and a troop cap of 202,000 active duty Marines. The total active duty force of the United States after the buildup will be about 1,479,000.<ref>{{citation
|last=Bender
|first=Bryan
|title=Gates calls for buildup in troops
|newspaper = [[The Boston Globe]]
|year=2007
|date=12 January 2007
|url=http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2007/01/12/gates_calls_for_buildup_in_troops/
|accessdate=11 November 2007}}
</ref>
There have also been calls to increase the sizes of the other branches of the military to match the increase in the Marines and Army.
 
== Related legislation ==
* 1947: [[National Security Act of 1947]]
* 1958: [[Defense Reorganization Act of 1958|Department of Defense Reorganization Act]] PL 85-899
* 1963: [[Department of Defense Appropriations Act]] PL 88-149
* 1963: [[Military Construction Authorization Act]] PL 88-174
* 1967: [[Supplemental Defense Appropriations Act]] PL 90-8
* 1984: [[Department of Defense Authorization Act]] PL 98-525
* 1986: [[Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986]] or Department of Defense Reorganization Act PL 99-433
* 1996: [[Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act]] PL 104-132
 
== See also ==
*[[List of United States military bases]]
* [[DOD Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation Program]]
* [[Military badges of the United States Department of Defense]]
* The [[Berry Amendment]], a [[United States Code|U.S.C]] law that requires most goods used by the armed forces to be produced domestically.
* [[Chemical weapons#United States Senate Report|US Senate Report on chemical weapons]]
* [[Defense industry]]
* [[Defense contractor]]
* [[Distance in military affairs]]
* [[Exceptional Family Member Program]]
* [[Pace-Finletter MOU 1952]]
 
 
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
== External links ==
{{commons|Category:United States Department of Defense}}
{{commons|The Pentagon}}
* [http://www.defense.gov/ DOD website]
* [http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/search.tkl?q=%22department+of+defense%22&search_crit=subject&search=Search&date1=Anytime&date2=Anytime&type=form Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding the Department of Defense]
* {{cite web |url=http://www.wishfd.com/pdf/FAR_Guide.pdf |title=Being Audited by DCAA - Download FAR Cost Principles Guide|}}
* [http://www.theblackvault.com/modules.php?name=core&showPage=true&pageID=17 Entire Collection of DoD Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Reading Room] <!-- Note to WIKI Editors: This is not SPAM. I added this link as a resource. I was going to discuss it first on the talk page - but it did not look like an active/working talk page -->
* [http://www.defenselink.mil/comptroller/defbudget/fy2006/ Budget info]
* [http://www.wallstats.com/deathandtaxes/resource/ Death and Taxes: 2009] A visual guide and infographic of the 2009 United States federal budget including the Department of Defense with data provided by the Comptrollers office.
 
===Video clips===
* [http://uk.youtube.com/user/DODvClips DoD YouTube channel]
 
{{DOD agencies}}
{{US military navbox}}
{{cabinet}}
 
[[Category:United States Department of Defense| ]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1947]]
[[Category:Defence ministries|United States]]
[[Category:Nuclear weapons infrastructure of the United States]]
 
[[ar:وزارة دفاع الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]]
[[bg:Министерство на отбраната (САЩ)]]
[[cs:Ministerstvo obrany USA]]
[[da:Forsvarsministeriet (USA)]]
[[de:Verteidigungsministerium der Vereinigten Staaten]]
[[et:Ameerika Ühendriikide Kaitseministeerium]]
[[es:Departamento de Defensa de los Estados Unidos]]
[[eu:Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Defentsa Saila]]
[[fa:وزارت دفاع ایالات متحده آمریکا]]
[[fi:Yhdysvaltain puolustusministeriö]]
[[fr:Département de la Défense des États-Unis]]
[[he:מחלקת ההגנה של ארצות הברית]]
[[it:United States Department of Defense]]
[[ja:アメリカ国防総省]]
[[ko:미국 국방부]]
[[mk:Департмент за Одбрана на Соединетите Американски Држави]]
[[ms:Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat]]
[[nl:Ministerie van Defensie (Verenigde Staten)]]
[[no:Forsvarsdepartementet (USA)]]
[[pl:Departament Obrony Stanów Zjednoczonych]]
[[pt:Departamento de Defesa dos Estados Unidos da América]]
[[ru:Министерство обороны США]]
[[simple:United States Department of Defense]]
[[sv:USA:s försvarsdepartement]]
[[th:กระทรวงกลาโหมสหรัฐอเมริกา]]
[[uk:Міністерство оборони США]]
[[zh:���国国防部]]
{{use dmy dates}}
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