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The oldest centrosaurine: a new ceratopsid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Ceratopsidae) from the Allison Member of the Menefee Formation (Upper Cretaceous, early Campanian), northwestern New Mexico, USA

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Abstract

An associated incomplete skeleton of a ceratopsid dinosaur from the Campanian deposits of the Allison Member of the Menefee Formation in New Mexico, USA is described. Although it was originally described over two decades ago, newly prepared portions of the Menefee Formation skeleton and reinterpretations of previously known morphology, in addition to newly described specimens have provided new information on ceratopsids, and centrosaurines in particular. These new data allow for a thorough reassessment of the specimen and the erection of a new taxon: Menefeeceratops sealeyi gen. et sp. nov., potentially the oldest recognized member of Centrosaurinae. Menefeeceratops sealeyi is represented by diagnostic cranial and postcranial skeletal elements. The cranial elements include a portion of the left premaxilla, a nearly complete left postorbital horncore, a parietal fragment, the right and left squamosals, the left jugal, the predentary, and the left dentary. Postcranial material consists of two cervical vertebrae, eight dorsal vertebrae, a partial sacrum with six sacral vertebrae, 11 dorsal ribs, the distal left radius, proximal and distal portions of the left ulna, the left femur, and a left metatarsal II. The taxonomic validity of Menefeeceratops sealeyi is supported by a combination of several morphological characters. These include a lack of epiossifications on the lateroposterior edge of the parietal (shared with Machairoceratops), three epiossifications on the squamosal, and three smaller, secondary undulations as part of episquamosal locus S1. There are also two subequal embayments on the posterior free margin of the squamosal with the more dorsal embayment (between episquamosal loci 1 and 2) distinctly larger than the ventral (= lateroventral) one (between episquamosal loci 2 and 3), three ridges on the lateral (dorsolateral) surface of the squamosal, an elongate posterior portion of the squamosal, the presence of a shallow but distinct groove on the medial surface of the squamosal nearly paralleling the ventrolateral and ventroposterior edges, elongate postorbital (= supraorbital) horns that are anteriorly curved distally, and two elongate ridges on the lateral surface of the dentary that diverge anteriorly, creating a distinct anterior triangular fossa. Phylogenetic analysis of Menefeeceratops sealeyi places this new species as a basal centrosaurine, most closely related to Crittendenceratops krzyzanowskii, thus adding to the growing record of centrosaurines discovered in western North America. It thus provides new information about the diversity of morphologies throughout different species and the temporal and paleobiogeographic distribution of these animals throughout Laramidia during the Late Cretaceous. Its presence as one of the, if not the, oldest members of the Centrosaurinae also suggests centrosaurines originated in the southern portions of western North America and the southern Rocky Mountain region, and subsequently radiated north during the upper middle to late Campanian.

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(modified from Nasutoceratops titusi from Sampson et al. 2013)

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(modified from Williamson, 1997)

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Acknowledgements

We thank Paul Sealey for the discovery of the holotype specimen of Menefeeceratops sealeyi. The Bureau of Land Management provided the permits and access to the collecting localities described herein. We thank Andy A. Farke for sharing pictures of various specimens of centrosaurine ceratopsians and Héctor E. Rivera-Sylva for sharing the pictures of Yehuecauhceratops. Robert Giegengack and Joan Bucilli provided support and travel was partially funded by the Walker Endowment Research Grant and the University of Pennsylvania Paleontology Research Grant. We are most grateful to the reviewers of earlier versions of this paper, including; Victoria Arbour, Andrew A. Farke, Catherine A. Forster, Denver Fowler, Mark A. Loewen, Nicholas R. Longrich, Michael J. Ryan, and an anonymous reviewer who all provided critical comments that greatly improved all aspects of the manuscript. Thanks also to Hans-Dieter Sues and Mike Reich for editorial help and comments that also improved this paper. Great thanks to the paleoartist Sergey Krasovskiy for the life reconstruction of Menefeeceratops sealeyi.

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  1. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Road N. W., Albuquerque, NM, 87104-1375, USA

    Sebastian G. Dalman, Spencer G. Lucas & Asher J. Lichtig

  2. Section of Paleontology and Geology, The State Museum of Pennsylvania, 300 North Street, Harrisburg, PA, 17120-0024, USA

    Steven E. Jasinski

  3. Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA

    Steven E. Jasinski & Peter Dodson

  4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104-6316, PA, USA

    Peter Dodson

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Dalman, S.G., Lucas, S.G., Jasinski, S.E. et al. The oldest centrosaurine: a new ceratopsid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Ceratopsidae) from the Allison Member of the Menefee Formation (Upper Cretaceous, early Campanian), northwestern New Mexico, USA. PalZ 95, 291–335 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-021-00555-w

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