File:Toxic serpentine soil (Livengood Ophiolite, Early Cambrian; near Livengood, Alaska, USA).jpg
Original file (3,200 × 1,475 pixels, file size: 4.3 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionToxic serpentine soil (Livengood Ophiolite, Early Cambrian; near Livengood, Alaska, USA).jpg |
English: (photo by James Cheshire)
Click on the photo once or twice to zoom in - the barren patches of hillside in the distance consist of naturally-toxic soil developed on weathered serpentinite. Few plants grow in such soils; the few that do are usually rare species. Serpentinite is a low- to high-grade metamorphic rock dominated by serpentine, a group of magnesium hydroxy-silicate minerals - antigorite, lizardite, and chrysotile (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4). This rock forms by metamorphism of olivine-rich peridotite in the presence of water. See: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/albums/72157694829360531 In the Alaskan landscape seen here, serpentinite and other metamorphics make up the bedrock - such outcrop belts are called ophiolites, which consist of obducted oceanic lithosphere. Obduction is the opposite of subduction - oceanic lithosphere gets pushed up and onto continental lithosphere, whereas normal subduction involves oceanic lithosphere diving deep into the Earth's mantle. Geologic unit: Livengood Ophiolite, Early Cambrian Locality: hillsides near the town of Livengood, east-central Alaska, USA Info. at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpentine_soil |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52180761660/ |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52180761660. It was reviewed on 15 November 2022 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
15 November 2022
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current | 18:55, 12 November 2022 | 3,200 × 1,475 (4.3 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52180761660/ with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | OLYMPUS IMAGING CORP. |
Camera model | E-500 |
Exposure time | 1/250 sec (0.004) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | Unknown date |
Lens focal length | 32 mm |
Width | 3,200 px |
Height | 2,400 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 314 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 314 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 18.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 15:01, 11 December 2021 |
White point chromaticity |
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Chromaticities of primarities |
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Color space transformation matrix coefficients |
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Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Creative program (biased toward depth of field) |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | Unknown date |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 7.965784 |
APEX aperture | 6 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.7 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.61328125 APEX (f/3.5) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 64 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | High saturation |
Sharpness | Normal |
Serial number of camera | A78571019 |
Lens used | 14.0-45.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Date metadata was last modified | 10:01, 11 December 2021 |
Unique ID of original document | 2D30C09942A56C301828ACDD1917E4FE |
IIM version | 32,660 |